A Report on the District of Jessore: Its Antiquities, Its History, and Its CommerceBengal Secretariat Office, 1871 - 293 pages |
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annas appears arrear assessment Baboos Backerganj Baghahat bazar Bengal Bhairab Bhusna Board boats building Calcutta called Chandkhali chapter Chaugachha collected collector court cultivation cutcherry Dacca dacoits daroga district embankments erected established export factory faujdar Furreedpoor ganj goor Government hât Henckell Henckell's indigo inundation Isafpur jail Jessore Jessore district Jhenida Jingagachha jungle Kabadak Kali Kaliganj Kalisankar Kayasth Keshabpur khal Khalia Khan Khulna Kotchandpur Krishnanagar Kulins Kumar lands Madhumati Madhumati river magistrate Magurah Mahomedan maihandars manufacture maunds miles Mirzanagar Moorly Morrellganj mosque Muhammadpur Muhammadshahi Nabaganga Nalchitti Naldanga Naldi Naral Narayn Nattore nawab Nuddea passed pergunnah permanent settlement police possession purchased raja Ramnagar reclamation rent residence revenue rice river road ruins ryots salt department Saydpur Shahujial shew side Sitaram sold sub-division sugar Sundarbans taluqdars taluqs tank temple tenures thanadars thannah tract trade trees Trimohini village zemindars
Popular passages
Page 209 - ... for one half of the circumference, and thus leaves bare a surface measuring about ten or twelve inches each way. This surface is at first a brilliant white, but becomes by exposure quite brown, and puts on the appearance of coarse matting. The surface thus laid bare is not the woody fibre of the tree, but is a bark formed of many thin layers ; and it is these layers which thus change their colour and texture. ' After the tree has remained for a few days thus exposed, the tapping is performed...
Page 210 - The juice so flowing is the strongest and best, and is called " j'iran" j'uice. In the morning the j'uice collected in a pot hanging beneath the bamboo spout is removed, and the heat of the sun causes the exuding juice to ferment over and shut up the pores in the tree. So in the evening a new cut is made, not nearly so deep as the last, but rather a mere paring, and for the second night the juice is allowed to run. This juice is termed " do-kat," and is not quite so abundant or so good as the
Page 228 - Unless the greatest care is taken of the land so cleared, it will spring back into jungle, and become as bad as ever. So great is the evil fertility of the soil, that reclaimed land neglected for a single year will present to the next year's cultivator a forest of reeds (nal). He may cut it and bum it down, but it will spring up again almost as thick as ever ; and it takes about three eradications to expel this reed when once it has grown.
Page 210 - The tapping is arranged, throughout the season, by periods of six days each. On the first evening a cut is made as just described, and the juice is allowed to run during the night. The juice so flowing is the strongest and best, and is called jiran juice. In the morning the juice collected in a pot hanging beneath the bamboo spout is removed, and the heat of the sun causes the exuding juice to ferment over and shut up the pores in the tree. So in the evening the new cut is made, not nearly so deep...
Page 209 - After the tree has remained for a few days thus exposed, the tapping is performed by making a cut into this exposed surface, in the shape of a very broad V, about three inches across and a quarter or half inch deep. Then the surface inside the angle of the V is cut down, so that a triangular surface is cut into the tree. From...
Page 211 - ... per night (excluding the quiescent nights). The colder and clearer the weather, the more copious and rich the produce. In the beginning of November tapping has begun. In December and January the juice flows best, beginning sometimes as early as 3 PM, ana dwindles away as the warm days of March come.
Page 213 - Kabadak, is placed in the baskets so as to rest on the top of the sugar. The effect of this weed is to keep up a continual moisture ; and this moisture, descending through the sugar, carries the molasses with it, leaving the sugar comparatively white and free from molasses. After eight days...
Page 213 - The pots of gur received by the refiner are broken up and the gur tumbled out into baskets, which hold about a maund each and are about fifteen inches deep ; the surface is beaten down so as to be pretty level, and the baskets are placed over open pans. Left thus for eight days, the molasses passes through the basket, dropping into the open pan beneath and leaving the more solid part, namely, the sugar, in the basket.
Page 217 - ... sugar is the raw material used, then the loaf is of brilliantly white sugar. The process used at Cossipur, near Calcutta, is similar to that last described. The principal difference consists in this, that the sugar is at one stage additionally purified by being passed through animal charcoal, and that the molasses, instead of being allowed to drop out by its own gravity from the moulds, is whirled out by the application of centrifugal force.
Page 229 - Sundarbans follows this method, there are in the nearer parts large settlements of husbandmen who dwell permanently near the land they have under cultivation. But it must be remembered that these tracts are after all sparsely inhabited, and that many of the cultivators who dwell in them, besides having a holding near their own houses, have another eight or ten miles away, which they visit only occasionally, when they have work to do. The great fertility of the land renders it easy for...