For instance, Three, we should prevent bad elements fomenting discord. you people have been incited by Ko Feng and Huang Shih-min. These two men are very bad, particularly Huang Shih-nin. Chungshan University has provided me with Huang's dossier. Issuing what is called the August document (Comrade Huang Yungsheng: "August 21" statement), these people have instigated you people to turn the spearhead against the Liberation Army and the masses instead of guiding you people to do the right things. Therefore, we should'nt lay the blame on the mass organizations because Huang Shih-min has contacts in Hong Kong. It is said that they sneaked into Kwangtung under the sway of enemy secret agents while posing as members of the "Left. " On the other hand, the "May 16" group relied on its own work units in dragging out the bad leaders. Therefore, we should not condemn this organization because it has the backing of bad elements. This and others are all organizations formed by the masses and the thing that matters is that they have been provoked by bad people. For this reason, we should, firstly, avoid aggravating issues; secondly, let the misled masses of your own work units and own organizations drag out the bad people; and thirdly, dragging out the small handful within the Army constitutes merely the ultra-"Left" trend of thought but right in essence. By encouraging everybody to heighten his consciousness in the course of struggle and prohibiting bad people from fishing in troubled waters, we shall then make progress. Yin Lin-p'ing should be discouraged from making trouble while people like Ko Feng should be stopped from influencing people. Ko Feng has close ties with "three-anti" element Wang K'uang and these two should be prohibited from carrying out acts of sabotage. Whoever knows of bad people should unmask them and so long as he does so he is a revolutionary. It is There are about one and a half months before the year is out. rather belated to set up the preparatory group of the provincial revolutionary committee. We hope we shall be able to propel the great proletarian cultural revolution in Kwangtung forward. Can you people do so?" (The gathering: Yes, we can!) The decision on the question of Kwangtung has been approved by both Chairman Mao and Vice Chairman Lin, A report on tonight's meeting has been submitted to Chairman Mao. (The delegates shouted: "Learn from Premier Chou!" "Salute Premier Chou!") Premier Chou: Learn from you people! Salute you people! Speaking to the gathering, Comrade Chiang Ch'ing said: Comrades, velcome to you all! After you people are back in Canton, you should form revolutionary great alliance and revolutionary triple-combination by taking "fight against self and repudiation of revisionism" as the guide. Failing to do so, you people will not be able to do a good job of the struggle-criticism-transformation task in your own work units and revolutionary, mass criticism and repudiation. As Premier Chou has mentioned all that I wish to say, I extend my greetings to you all in the hope you people will make a good beginning. If you people wish to come to Peking again, you are all welcome. Speaking to the gathering, Comrade K'ang Sheng said: We learn from you comrades! We salute you comrades! One of our comrades has just said that when they come to Paking again they will do so after forming an alliance. As a matter of fact, you people are here for the purpose of forming an alliance. Today's gathering is one for forming a great alliance in the spirit of forging a grand alliance, one which corresponds to Chairman Mao's great policy of "fighting self and repudiating revisionism." If you people come here next time, you should also do so in this spirit. The examination report issued by the Canton Military District Command says that I went to Canton in May to give important instructions. This is most regrettable. I went there on a special assignment given me by the central authorities--a friendly meeting with the responsible comrade of a fraternal party. For security reasons, I didn't have a chance to meet other comrades. Before boarding the plane I discussed with Comrade Huang Yung-sheng and other responsible comrades of the military district. Well, that shouldn't be called giving important instructions. However, if I should have said the wrong thing, I should still be held responsible. Failing to meet with other comrades last time doesn't of course mean that I had no interest in the great cultural revolution in the Canton area. Please accept my profound apology. (Premier Chou: Comrade K'ang will have another chance to go to Canton next time and he will then meet all comrades in public.) Speaking to the gathering Comrade Ch'en Po-ta said: We learn from you comrades. As your p'u-t'ung-hua (the common speech] is better than mine, I shall only briefly say a few words. I endorse what Premier Chou has just told you. Greetings to the successful conference achieved under the guidance of the thought of Mao Tse-tung! I hope you comrades will continue to hold high the great red banner of the thought of Mao Tse-tung, form revolutionary great alliance and revolutionary triple combination, successfully carry out revolutionary mass criticism and repudiation and the task of struggle-criticism-transformation and thoroughly criticize and repudiate Liu, Teng and T'ao, completely eliminating in particular the poisonous influence of T'ao Chu in Central-South China and the Kwangtung (Shouting slogans.) area. Comrade Chang Ch'un-ch'iao said: I have nothing to add to what Premier Chou, and Comrades Chiang Ch'ing, K'ang Sheng and Po-ta have said. Greetings to the victory won by you comrades in Peking under the leadership of Comrade Mao and other central leaders. I hope the great cultural revolution in Kwangtung will gain a further impetus on this foundation. Premier Chou said: The cocktail party for the opening of the Canton trade fair will be put off until tomorrow because of you people. If comrades agree to return tomorrow, what do you say about going back to Canton by plane tomorrow morning? (The gathering replied: We are all set to leave tomorrow!) On your triumphant return to Canton, the first thing you should do is to make a success of the trade fair. What is more important, however, is to do a good job of the struggle-criticism-transformation task and form revolutionary great alliance by taking "fight against self and repudiation of revisionism" as the guide. On the question of reversing the judgement passed on the "August 1 Combat Corps," don't bring up the issue any more because the wrong done to the whole organization has been redressed while the examination report of the military district command has also mentioned it. No more reversal of cases, and this also applies to factories since they have formed an alliance. (A representative of the "August 1 Combat Corps" replied: We no longer press for a reversal of our case.) In concluding this meeting, we believe that you people have done a good job in coming to Peking. It is hoped that under the guidance of the thought of Mao Tse-tung and taking "fight against self and repudiation of revisionism" as the key, you people will implement the 12-point agreement signed in Peking in all seriousness and make new contributions to the great cultural revolution! (Shouting slogans.) The meeting was successfully brought to a close with the singing of the song "Sailing the Seas Depends on the Helmsman" under the personal direction of Premier Chou. The Kwangtung Provincial Military Control Committee (The recorded speeches were not reviewed November 15, 1967 99-425 O-73-8 EXHIBIT NO. 14 [Wu Shu-jen testimony 7/10/73] China Monthly Review, July 1951 Perhaps very brief mention of a few more representative special agents will suffice to show the type of men which the KMT and the American imperialists are employing in their efforts to create disorder and confusion within the country. Sun Wen-liang was leader of a gang which buried alive at least 100 people. Among his victims were many New Fourth Army workers whom he turned in to the Japanese during the war. He was also a "specialist" in extortion. He was so cruel that he was nicknamed "sulphuric acid." Like the majority of the "well-established" gangster-special ARTICLE agents, he worked for Wang Ching-wei and the Japanese and later for the KMT. Huang Kwan-fu was a Wang Ching-wei agent and murderer. He was tried on the basis of eight cases. In the first case he killed seven men on a boat. He was particularly notorious because in many cases he chopped up his victims' bodies and frequently cooked and ate their hearts. Kiang Ah-fong was specifically tried for "ironing" a man to death with a hot flatiron. He testified during his trial that he could not remember the exact number of men he had killed. Regulations Governing Punishment of Counter are formulated in 1. These regulations accordance with the stipulations of Article 7 of the Common Program of the People's Political Consultative Conference for punishing counter-revolutionary criminals, suppressing counter-revolutionary activities and strengthening the people's democratic dictatorship. Article 2. All those counter-revolutionary criminals whose aim is to overthrow the people's democratic regime or sabotage the people's democratic cause are liable to punishment under these regulations. Article 3. Collaborators with Imperialism and rebeis against the fatherland are to be sentenced to death or life imprisonment. 1 Article 4. Among those who instigate, inveigle or bribe public officials, armed forces or civil militia to rebel, the chief elements or the person who leads the rebellion shall be sentenced to death or life imprisonment. Those participating in instigating, inveigling, bribing or rebelling shall be sentenced to imprisonment below 10 years; if the case is serious, the punishment shall be Increased accordingly. Article 5. The arch criminal or the person who. directs a mass armed riot, and other serious criminals, are to be sentenced to death; other active participants are to be sentenced to prison terms of above five years. Article 6. One who commits one of the following espionage activities for the enemy is to be sentenced to death or to life imprisonment; those with less serious offences are to be sentenced to a term of imprisonment above five years: 1) Stealing or spying on the nation's secrets or supplying intelligence to the enemy within or outside of the nation; 2) Directing enemy airplanes or warships toward targets; 3) Supplying weapons or ammunition and other military material to the enemy within or outside of the nation. Article 7. Those participating in counter-revolutionary special service agencies or secret agent organizations and who have committed one of the following offences are to be sentenced to death or life imprisonment. Those with less serious offences are to sentenced to above five years in prison: 1) Assigned to undercover activities by the enemy within or outside of the nation; special 3) Organize 2) Organize or join counter-revolutionary service agencies or secret agent organizations after liberation; or lead counter-revolutionary special secret agent organizations before liberation, and others commiting serious criminal activities and showing no repentence or good behavior after liberation; service agencies JC in counter-revolutionary 4) Participation special service agencies or special secret agent organizations before liberation and carrying on counter-revolutionary activities after liberation; 5) After registering or voluntarily confessing to the people's government continued to participate in counterrevolutionary activities; 6) Released oy the people's government after education but still maintained connection with counter-revolutionary special service agencies or carried on counterrevolutionary activities. Article 8. Anyone taking advantage of feudal religious organizations for carrying out counter-revolutionary activities is to be sentenced to death or life imprisonment; those with a less serious offence shall be sentenced to a prison term above three years. Article 9. Anyone with counter-revolution as the object who instigates or executes one of the following acts of sabotage or killing is to be sentenced to death or life Imprisonment; those with less serious offences shall be sentenced to a term of above five years: 1) Robbery, sabotage of military installations, factories, mines, forests, farmland, dikes, banks, warehouses, dams or other important public or private property; 2) Dropping poison, spreading disease germs or using any other means causing serious disaster to man, animal and agricultural products. 3) Directed by the enemy within or outside the nation to disturb the market or sabotage financial conditions; 4) Attack, kill, or injure public officers or other people: 5) Faking the name of a military organ, democratie party or people's organization for counterfeiting documents or certificates for carrying on counter-revolutionary activities. Article 10. Anyone who, with counter-revolution as the object, commits one of the following acts of stirring up or incitement shall be sentenced to above three years in prison; those with serious offences shall be sentenced to death or life in prison: 1) Inciting the masses to go against or sabotage the people's government collection of public grain and taxes, public service, military service and the carrying out of other government orders; 2) To stir up and split the unity between the different races, democratic classes, democratic parties and people's organizations or people and the government. 3) Carrying out counter-revolutionary propaganda, and manufacturing and spreading rumors. Article 11. Anyone who, with counter-revolution as the object, secretly cresses the nation's borders shall be sentenced to a prison term above five years, life imprisonment or death. Article 12. The organizer or planner of an attack 42 China Monthly Review EXHIBIT No. 14-Continued The case of one particular racketeer illustrates clearly the close connection between the KMT secret police and the underworld in political matters. This man, named Nyi, was employed by the KMT secret police to lead a gang of hoodlums to Chiao Tung University in 1948 to smash up a student demonstration which the government frowned upon. He armed his men with spiked clubs which caused serious injuries to many students, girls as well as boys. Many of these bad elements became such a law unto themselves in their districts that they operated much in the fashion of a despotic ruler of a small Revolutionary Elements on a jail to get out prisoners or the organizer or planner of a jail-break from within shall be sentenced to death or life in prison; others actively participating shall be sentenced for more than three years. Article 13. Anyone hiding or covering up counterrevolutionary criminals shall be sentenced to prison below 10 years; serious offences shall be punished by sentences above 10 years, life imprisonment or death. Article 14. Those who break these regulations, under . one of the following conditions, shall be considered for a lightening, reduction or exemption from punishment: 1) Automatically and sincerely repent to the people's covernment; 2) One who before or after his disclosure, or being reported, had sincerely repented and showed a good record; 3) One who was oppressed or deceived by counterrevolutionary elements and acted against his own will; 4) Those whose counter-revolutionary crimes were not very serious before liberation and who have actually repented after liberation and have severed relations with counter-revolutionary organizations. Article 15. Anyone who commits more than one criminal act, aside from death or life imprisonment, shall be sentenced for the sum total of years accumulated by his crimes or according to the number of years of the highest single sentence. Article 16. Other criminals with counter-revolution as the object, but not stipulated in these regulations, are punishable in accordance with the suitable stipulations of these regulations. Article 17. Criminals under these regulations shall** be deprived of political rights and their property may be completely or partially confiscated. Article 18. Counter-revolutionary crimes committed before the enforcement of these regulations are also punishable according to the stipulation of these regulations. Article 19. All persons have the right to disclose and give information against counter-revolutionary criminals to the people's government but cannot falsely accuse because of personal grudges. Article 20. Criminals under these regulations shall be examined and decided upon according to these regulations, and under the military control period by headquarters of various military areas, military control committees or military tribunals organized by bandit-suppression organizations. Article 21. These regulations are effective on the date of promulgation, after approval by the Central People's Government Committee. (Note: These regulations were approved by the Central People's Government Committee on February 20, 1951 and were put into effect under the order of Chairman Mao Tze-tung on February 21, 1951.) Review Translation principality. They were known by various titles which give some indication of the nature of their rule. Tiger, wolf, devil and so on were the most frequent appellations employed by their victims. One such despot who survived all political changes except the present one was the 68 year-old "Tiger of Pao-An Road." He had been the chief racketeer and terror of the district for 51 years. He began his half-century career of crime by making an alliance with the British police of the old International Settlement. In return for their protection and non-interference with his racketeering activities, he provided them with information about the people of his district. He could also be counted upon to help in the persecution of workers and other progressive elements whenever the occasion arose. After the Japanese occupation, he formed similar connections with Wang Ching-wei's puppet secret police and with the Japanese gendarmery. After the Japanese defeat, he continued the arrangement with Chiang Kai-shek's secret police. QUESTION: We have heard conflicting reports about the large meetings at which arrested special agents, such as those you just described, are arraigned before the public. They are frequently called public trials but we understand that these men have actually been tried in the courts previous to their appearance at these meetings. Could you explain just how these men are tried and the role of these meetings? ANSWER: Although some people do call these meetings public trials, they actually are not trials. As you say, investigation and trial has taken place previously. These meetings are for the purpose of giving as widespread publicity as possible to these cases. However, before going into this question, I would like to tell you how these special agents are tried. Since there are large numbers of people to be tried and since the trials are being conducted under the provisions of a law dealing with counter-revolutionary criminals rather than under the ordinary criminal code, special tribunals have been established to handle the cases. When sufficient evidence has been collected so that the guilt of the individual seems indicated beyond doubt he is arrested. He may then have one or several preliminary hearings, depending upon the complexity of his case. After the hearings are completed, and if nothing has developed to alter his case materially, he has his first or preliminary trial. He may have more than one preliminary trial. He is finally tried before a formally organized court which has the power to pass a decision after a council deliberation. His sentence however must be ratified by the highest authority of the area which in Shanghai is the Military, Control Commission. However, this is not all: Before final ratification takes place, there is a further check provided to ensure that each case is justly handled. As you |