The Legislature of New Jersey reward John Van Tile, a sergeant in the colony's pay, for his bravery and conduct in an attack on the Indians, and give thirty dollars to a lad of seventeen, his name Titfort, for having shot an Indian and thereby rescued himself from captivity.

September 25th.-Captain Isaac Sears arrives in the privateer sloop Catharine, and brings with him a prize French ship, laden with provisions and dry goods, that was bound for Quebec. She mounted ten carriage guns and carried forty-four men. The Catharine had one man killed and three wounded in the engagement, before the French Letter of Marque struck.

December 23d.—In a communication addressed to the Printer, Dr. George Muirson gives notice to the public of the benefit derived from Mercurials and Antimony in the small-pox-that disease still continuing in the city of New York. He says, "in the year thirty-one the small-pox proved very mortal in the city and many parts of the province of New York: I began the method with myself, have continued and pursued it ever since with remarkable success; that of many hundreds that I have inoculated, prepared the above way, not one died, not even the least accident happened." He recommends bleeding, "in the eruptive fever," and gives his reasons-he recommends keeping the body open by clysters of new milk and sugar, and says it is the method taught by "the immortal Boerhaave," to whom he says, he is indebted for his knowledge "of this so fatal a distemper to the people of this country, (otherwise than by inoculation.)'

Oliver De Lancey, John Cruger, Philip Livingston and Leonard Lispenard, offer themselves as candidates by advertisement, for the assembly.

TREATY OF PEACE OF 1763-INDIAN HOSTILITIES AFTER THE PEACE.

1763 DURING the negotiations for peace, it was urged in the English parliament to restore Canada to the French, for the purpose of preventing the growth of the colonies. The discontents in the colonies, occasioned by the English taxes on commerce, and the insolence of her custom-house officers, and officers generally, made many men on both sides of the Atlantick think of the independence of America.

By the peace of 1763, it was stipulated that the line between the territories of England and France in America, should be drawn through the centre of the Mississippi, from its source to the river of Iberville, and through the middle of that river and the Lakes Maurepas and Pontchartrain to the sea. By this was added to Great Britain, the river and port of Mobile, and all French possessions on the left side of the Mississippi, except the town of New Orleans, and island on which it stands. Great Britain on her part, restored islands in the West Indies. To Spain was added the British conquests in the West Indies, made from her, and in return she gave Florida, Fort St. Augustine, the Bay of Pensacola, and all the Spanish possessions to the east or to the south-east of the river Mississippi.

Notwithstanding the cessation of hostilities between England, France, and Spain, peace was not restored to America. The Indians generally, sensible of the encroachments of the whites, and impressed with the idea, that the English intended their utter extermination, formed an extensive combination, for what they considered self defence, and the tribes on the Ohio, with those about Detroit, and one tribe of Iroquois, (the Senecas) prepared for a simultaneous attack upon the English frontiers.

The influence of Sir William Johnson, kept the remainder of the Six Nations quiet, or apparently so. At the appointed time, the frontiers of Virginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania, were attacked. Great numbers of settlers were massacred with all the barbarity attendant upon savage warfare. The inhabitants fled, and flourishing villages were abandoned to spoil and conflagration. The traders were particularly marked as victims to ferocity and revenge.

See Walsh's U. S. & G. B., p. 134. Russel's Modern Europe, part 2d, letter 35.

The Indians thirsting for rum, and never abstaining from it, (except, as in the recent case of the Onondagas, when influenced by the prohibitory decree of their prophet,) yet despise, and hate the traders, who, for their selfish purposes, present the poisoned draught to their lips. All such were sacrificed without sparing; and their merchandize, but added fuel to the flame of deadly vengeance, only to be satiated with blood.

The fortresses of Le Boeuf, Venango, and Presque Isle, were captured in succession by the Indians; who made use, of what among civilized christains, is mildly called statagem, ruse de guerre, or diplomatick skill, to accomplish their purposes; but in their case was branded with the terms "perfidy, want of faith," or any other appellation that might convey disapprobation. The difference between meum and tuum is always immense.

In several instances, the allied Indians, when they invested one fort, assured the garrison that they had already taken all the others, and set forth the advantages of surrender, contrasted with the punishment they would inflict upon resistance. Thus fell the posts above enumerated and the more important fort of Michilimackinack. Still the forts of Detroit, Niagara, and Pitt, the most important in that chain, once intended by the French to bind the English colonies, and now viewed by the Indians as the badges of their subjection, remained in the hands of the whites. The first, commanded the region between Lakes Huron and Erie: Niagara had the same effect between Erie and Ontario; and Fort Pitt overawed the tribes of Ohio. Against these, distant as they were from each other, the allied tribes, made simultaneous moveinents, and Forts Pitt and Detroit, were invested at the same time. Address, courage, and perseverance, were displayed by the race of Red-men at this period, which entitle them to the admiration of all who applaud the exertions of those who fight for their country, and their liberty.

General Amherst, took measures to preserve these posts, so recently obtained from the French. To Detroit he sent a detachment under Captain Dalzel, who, after performing the service for which he was intended, marched out of the fort to inflict punishment upon the beleaguers, but fell into a well-concerted ambuscade, with the loss of his life, and upwards of 100 men, killed and wounded.

The garrison was however strengthened, and remaining on the defensive, the enemy gave up the siege and retired.

At Fort Pitt, in the meantime, the efforts of the besiegers were incessant, and made with wonderful ingenuity, as well as courage and perseverance. They cut off all communication between the fort and the country. They advanced close to the place, covering themselves from the fire of the besieged by digging holes in the

earth, from which they poured their shot and arrows, tipped with fire, upon the scanty garrison. To the relief of Captain Ecuyer, who commanded, General Amherst sent Colonel Bouquet, who advanced to the utmost limits of civilization, utterly without information of the state of friends or enemy at the place of contest. He left the most cumbrous part of his convoy, and cautiously proceeded toward the defile at Turtle Creek. The Indians had intelligence of his approach, and determined to anticipate him. Secretly leaving the vicinity of the fort, they advanced, and surrounding Bouquet's troops, awaited their preparation for dinner, on the 5th of August, and when the soldiers were busied in their culinary arrangements, a destructive fire was opened upon them from the trees and bushes adjoining. Order was restored by the effect of military discipline, and the troops charged and drove their foes from their cover: but the moment pursuit ceased, the attack re-commenced. Through the whole day, this contest between trained European soldiers, and an increasing force of enemies, without order, but systematically retreating or pressing forward, as directed by individual impulse, guided by one common desire for victory, was continued. The English retreated to their convoy, and night suspended in some measure, the toils and dangers of the day. At the dawn of the next morning, the natives of the soil presented themselves simultaneously on every side, raising the warwhoop, as a signal of battle. The enfeebled English, had to resume the conflict under more discouraging circumstances, suffering under thirst from the heat, and a want of water, for the place of their encampment, not being deliberately chosen, was void of this vital necessary. Their waggons and baggage formed a rampart, and they repulsed every attack of their enemy: but there they were confined-they must defend the convoy, and their numerous wounded men. Bouquet, at length, adopted a ruse, which gained him victory and safety. By a pretended flight and abondonment of the convoy, he induced the Indians to rush on to the supposed prey, and expose themselves to the fire of the troops, advantageously posted for their destruction. The slaughter was great. The chief and most of the Indians fell, and the rest disheartened at being beaten in their own mode of warfare, fled routed and gave up the contest. Although some slight skirmishing occurred on the after march of the suffering, though victorious troops, this action of the 6th of August, saved Fort Pitt, and seems to have discouraged the hostile tribes from any other effective efforts in this quarter.

But against Niagara, they now concentrated their force, without approaching the fort, but surrounded it at a distance and watched every opportunity to destroy those, who ventured beyond safe distance, or any convoy that might approach.

On the 14th of September, when a detachment with stores, had nearly reached the fort, they were attacked, seventy men instantly slain, and the convoy carried off. The three principal forts were, however, so well reinforced and supplied, that they were put out of danger but still the desultory, and destructive succession of attacks on the frontiers, continued through the year.

REVIEW OF VANDERDONCK'S ACCOUNT OF NEW

NETHERLANDS.

ADRIAN VANDERDONCK, L.L.D., published in Amsterdam his book on the New Netherlands, written when he was in the country; and it was by the government of Holland authorized to be printed and sold for his sole emolument, (for 15 years) in the year 1653.

The author gives the boundaries of New Netherlands as beginning north of the equinoctial line 38 degrees and 53 minutes, extending north-easterly along the sea-coast to the 42d degree. He resided in New Netherlands nine years; from which we gather that he went thither as early, at least, as the year 1644. He tells us that the Indians about New Amsterdam said there were many medicinal springs in the interiour, some of which answer to our famous Ballston and Saratoga waters.

In the time of the good Doctor, the Dutch women had duly appreciated the value of nut wood or hickory, both for fire on their hearths and coals for their foot-stoves, "because they last longer than others, and are not buried in ashes."

The bush-burning, or periodical clearing of the land by fire, is mentioned by Vanderdonck as practised by the Indians of New Netherlands for facilitating the chase. He speaks likewise of the conflagrations of pine forests, in consequence of this practice. Vineyards were already cultivated by the Dutch, and he says, "they have introduced foreign stocks, and they have induced men to come over from Heidelberg, who are vine-dressers, that the defects in managing their vines may be remedied." Vanderdonck speaks of this practice as very popular. The Netherlanders, ever fond of flowers, introduced from Holland a variety of roses, and carried many of our native flowering plants and trees to Europe.

Dr. Vanderdonck tells us that at the time in which he wrote, there had already been formed in the New Netherlands a botanick garden, where a great variety of the wild plants of the country had