strongly grated opening in the wall (since | which has been placed all that could be turned into a closet), where warders took note of all who passed up or down the stairs. Directly opposite this is a passage through a very thick wall, with heavy double doors, leading to a small room now used as a kitchen. Huge iron rings still fixed in its walls, and inscriptions near and around the iron-barred narrow windows, are similar to those in the dungeon of Lollards' Tower, and it is believed that the overflow from that dismal eyrie were shut in here together, and their convictions frequently secured through the detestable process of eaves-dropping. In the western tower of the Gate-house a doorway of the same sort has been closed up. In this tower the first floor was the sitting-room and sanctum of Archbishop Morton. On the second floor is the record or muniment room, where were stored the archives of the see, since removed to the fire-proof manuscript room next to Juxon's Hall. The record room, with its massive door, "spandreled fire-place," and ceils and walls of oak, is a stately presence-chamber, though its cracking seams now lean on strong supports. recovered of the glass of the windows of the old hall, comprising likenesses of the saints Jerome, Gregory, and Augustine, and the young portrait of Chicheley, queerly encircled with Parker's motto. Other strange fragments, memorials of Edward III., Philip of Spain, and the age of Queen Mary, together with the brilliant coats of arms of later archbishops, particularly of those connected with the library-for Juxon's Hall is now the palace library-brighten this interesting window, and the arms of Bancroft and Howley appear again in panels in the north and south end walls. The coats of arms of the twelve archbishops who have taken the greatest interest in and given most to the growth of the library have recently, and at his own expense, been placed at the entrances to the book alcoves, at the tops of the cases, by the present librarian, Mr. S. W. Kershaw. The room is wainscoted, and has a paved floor; oak, chestnut, and other woods are wrought into the beautiful ceiling. "Ah, ma'am," says the gate-keeper's wife, who goes with us, and plainly loves every inch of the old palace, "if you could only stand here when the snow is coming down, when the thick soft flakes fill the air with that wonderful white light comes in, ma'am, through the lan- Along the south side of the outer courtyard extends what is now called Juxon's Hall, formerly known as the Great Hall. Nothing certain is known of its first foun-ness, then such a strange and beautiful dation, but it existed in the time of Edward II., and the design of the handsome ceiling is supposed to have originated with Archbishop Chicheley. It was spoiled in the time of the Commonwealth, but on the restoration of King Charles, Juxon, in his brief episcopate of three years, ex-roof, ma'am!" pended £10,000 in rebuilding the hall, making as exact a re-creation as possible, in spite of strong influences and counsels in favor of newer designs. At the south end of Juxon's Hall is a second covered archway, leading into the inner square court-yard. By a small door in the left wall of this arch we enter this hall, and find it a noble room nearly 100 feet long, over 50 feet high, by 38 feet broad. A louvre or lantern-house rises from the roof, and the vane bears the arms of the "see of Canterbury impaling those of Juxon, with a mitre over them, and the date 1663." The five west windows rise between their deep buttresses to the very roof, and in the north bay beyond, what used to be a doorway is now a beautiful window, in Oh, Between some of the buttresses are thriftily growing some cuttings from the famous white Marseilles fig-trees said to have been planted by Cardinal Pole, which in 1806 rose fifty feet from the soil, covered an area of forty feet, and bore delicious fruit. The original use for such halls as these, both in Lambeth Palace and other great English mansions, was hospitality. Besides the hospitable Winchelsey, whose enormous charities I have cited, Cranmer, Pole, and Parker were eminent for the same virtue, and this great hall saw noteworthy gatherings. In Knight's London I find that Cranmer's ménage comprised the following list of officers: "Steward, treasurer, comptroller, gamators, clerk of the kitchen, ca terers, clerk of the spicery, yeoman of the ewry, bakers, pantlers, yeomen of the horse, yeoman ushers, butlers of wine and ale, larderers, squilleries, ushers of the hall, porter ushers of the chamber, daily waiters in the great chamber, marshal, groom, ushers, almoner, cooks, chandler, butchers, master of the horse, yeomen of the wardrobe, and harbingers." And Philip and Mary gave Cardinal Pole a patent to retain one hundred servants. From all this service we can imagine what great and generous state was kept up at the palace. Meals were served here (Juxon's Hall) at three tables, the guests and household being seated in order of precedence. "There was a monitor of the hall," says one chronicler, "and if it happened that any one spoke too loud, or concerning things less decent, it was presently hushed by one that cried 'Silence!"-which would be a sensible custom for some fashionable dining salons of to-day. All strangers met with full and gentle courtesy, and were assigned to their appropriate places at the archbishop's "well-spread board." Sometimes, however, the burden of the hospitality was confessedly felt to be too onerous, as in the primacy of Archbishop Abbot when the High Commission Court sitting for Surrey was held at Lambeth. On every Thursday while its term lasted, the palace was literally filled, the lords assembling there, together with the justices of the whole county. "And besides all this great labor for my servants," says Abbot's own account, "it cost me some £2000 in money; but I gave them entertainment and sate with them, albeit I said nothing, for the confusion was so great I knew not what to make of it." ing when "the whole body of the reformtainted bishops and clergy were summoned by Archbishop Pole, with Bonner and Gardiner at his side," and were absolved of their heresies, and instructed for their future course. Again, some forty years later, was convoked here the equally contrasting assembly, presided over by Whitgift, acting “as a self-constituted body" to draw up the socalled "Lambeth Articles," which were kept in abeyance by Elizabeth. Gradually this hall fell into comparative disuse until 1829, when Archbishop Howley came to the see, and began to repair the palace. He spent £75,000-half the sum from his own purse-and was careful to preserve whatever was really ancient or of historic interest, but had small scruple in pulling down the "patchwork jumble" that had been barnacled upon it during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Room was thus made for the fine modern buildings of the architect Blore's construction, which reach eastward into the gardens and front on the inner court-yard. Howley fitted up the hall with bookcases and reading alcoves, to receive the valuable library of ecclesiastical and theological history, exquisitely painted works of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, art treasures in illuminated MSS. and missals now stored there, and the series of archiepiscopal registers from A.D. 1279 to 1747, entire but for a single break of twenty-seven years between 1322 and 1349, comprising the registers of four archbishops, supposed to have been transferred to Rome. Since the time of Archbishop Potter this series of registers has been kept at Doctors' Commons. Lambeth Palace had no public library before the seventeenth century, when Archbishop Bancroft began to gather one, and at his death left the whole of his fine collection for the use of his successors for Besides consecration banquets, two meetings of the Houses of Convocation adjourned here, once from St. Paul's and once from Westminster, owing to the ill-ever, and so wisely protected this bequest nesses of Archbishops Kemp and Whit- in his will that it could not, in any of the gift. It was in this hall that the oath violent changes that followed, be averted giving the royal succession to the heirs of from its lawful heirs. Abbot, Secker, Anne Boleyn was administered to the Cornwallis, and other primates added clergy by Cranmer; here that Sir Thomas their books to the generous gift of BanMore and Bishop Fisher stoutly repudiated croft, and in 1826 there were 25,000 volit; here that Cranmer and his foe Bonner umes. They were, of course, "learned, recriminated when Bonner and Gardiner rare, and curious works ;" and besides were called before the primate, deposed, ecclesiastics and polemics, English histoand sent to prison; here that Cranmer ry and topography with some wonderful himself was sentenced to death. Here, embellishments, and romance, poetry, and too, in 1554, came the contrasting meet- general literature. Professor Selwyn, of Cambridge. The rec- | agitations of Elizabeth's rule are in a curiords of the see and about 2000 MSS. are in the fire-proof room adjoining. Archbishops Manners - Sutton and Howley gave much to the library, and their initials or autographs mark the gifts of the successive donors. Among famous autographs are those of Fox and Cranmer, one of ous work entitled Ireland Appeased. One of the four existing vellum copies of the Mazarin Bible, with its profusion of richly artistic initial letters, is here in excellent preservation; also the very scarce Aggas Plan of London, and the collection by Cornwallis of the print portraits of the archbishops from the Reformation | people. The present librarian, Mr. S. W. Kershaw, author of an exhaustive catalogue of the "Art Treasures of Lambeth,' has in press a new and larger work treating of this famous library. Leaving it by the northeast door, we enter a square room with nothing in it but a stairway, and by this we reach the long picture-gallery, running first to the north and then to the west, just as the old cloisters and galleries used to lie. In this quadrangle, sometimes called Pole's Gallery, the paintings are what the apothecary's boy called a “mixtur,” mostly portraits of Church dignitaries. Some are exceedingly good; one, said to be a likeness of Bishop Potter in his sixth year, represents the little fellow in a bishop's dress. The head is large, the face bright, with a sweet gravity of expression, and he holds in one hand a book supposed to be the Greek Testament, his finger between the leaves at the point he has reached in reading it. downward. The MSS. illustrative of many styles of art show specially fine specimens of the Anglo-Irish, Anglo-Saxon, French, English, Flemish, Italian, and Persian illuminations. That of the Notable Wise Dictes and Sayings of Philosophers shows its translator, the Earl of Rivers, in the act of presenting Caxton, the printer, to the king, queen, Duke of York, and court. The earl had discreetly omitted from the work certain malicious comments on women, which the sly Caxton, first humorously deprecating, took good care to insert in full as an appendix. A rare MS. of Gospels of MacDurnan, illustrated in Irish art, was given to the city of Canterbury in A.D. 900 by King Athelstan. The St. Albans Chronicle of the fifteenth century has nineteen large and fifty small illuminations, the Apocalypse of St. John, with seventy-eight illustrations in gold and deep coloring, is very rich, and so is the Limoges missal, a beautiful specimen of French art. The school of Per- From this gallery we enter the Guardsian art is represented by two copies of room, once as significant in its appointthe Koran in Arabic text, splendidly il-ments, as it still is in name, of the time luminated in white, blue, and gold, with Oriental enamelling. Of a fine example of Italian art Archbishop Laud wrote in his diary (1637): "A book in vellum, fair written, containing the records which are in the Tower, I got done at my own charge, and have left it in my study at Lambeth for posterity." The library is open to the public under proper regulations, the MSS. may be copied from, and are even lent out upon signed orders from the archbishop. Under archbishop Longley it was opened for three days in the week, and this privilege was increased to five days by the late primate, Dr. Tait, and modern works are lent out as in other libraries. The librarians have been scholarly men, beginning with the pre-eminently learned Dr. Henry Wharton, personal friend of Archbishop Sancroft, and author of the Anglia Sacra. Among his successors were Dr. Edmund Gibson, Tenison's chaplain, afterward Bishop of Lincoln, and Camden's editor; Dr. David Wilkins, editor of Concilia Magna, etc.; Dr. Ducarel, a profound antiquarian, albeit Walpole testily called him "a poor creature," and author, among much other work, of a very valuable history of Lambeth; Dr. Maitland, in Howley's time; and John Richard Green, the historian of the English when the primates were not only spiritual but feudal lords and law officers of the Crown, and defended their palace in those early troubled times when crowns were at battledoor and shuttlecock with royal heads. Here probably once hung the very helmet and cuirass in which Archbishop Baldwin died fighting by the side of Richard the Lion-hearted. A Guard-room is traced to 1424, and it is related of Thomas à Becket that he had "700 knights as part of his household, besides 1200 stipendiary retainers and 4000 followers serving him forty days." But gradually the guardsmen were no longer needed, and their arms, which passed by purchase from archbishop to archbishop, covered the walls, where, in Laud's time, enough were hung up to accoutre 200 men. Now these are all gone, and only the name remains to remind of those times when this handsome room must indeed have been lively with the uproar of voices, the clinking of pledge cups, and the clangor of arms. Yet it did not look a dull scene during the palace garden parties this summer of 1882, when the guests flocked in from the gardens to drink the social cup of tea or coffee if you chose-and eat of the nice cakes and fresh fruits, so prettily arranged they lent as much charm of color as the flowers. Be sides the white hair, grave eyes, and gen- | trust in God, the old man closed a career tle smile of the host, and the cultured of trouble and trial on the block." faces of the clergy, my memory singles out most clearly from among the throng, brilliant with costumes and orders, the plain dark dress, slight bent figure, and keen eye of Lord Houghton- the same who sang in younger days, Here are the portraits of Warham-the generous Warham who laid out some £30,000 on episcopal palaces, and most of this large sum on Lambeth-and Cranmer, both by Holbein, Herring, by Hogarth, and Secker, by Sir Joshua. The portrait of Cornwallis, who had a "beautiful foot and leg," and was fond of exercising the light fantastic toe, is appropriately painted, and very well too, by one Dance. This prelate and his wife were altogether such merry people that George III. reproved him for festivities which he said were more becoming in a king than in a primate, and forbade Mrs. Cornwallis to give any more of her very pleasant parties on Sundays. where in the palace is a greatly treasured Holbein of Luther and his wife, and a beautiful portrait of Catherine Parr. In the general restoration of 1829 the walls of the Guard-room "being found Cornwallis seems to have been sensible pithless," the old roof was lifted, and the as well as merry, for he is recorded as bewalls rebuilt; then it was lowered upon ing the first archbishop who allowed his them again. The old design was follow-chaplains to sit at table with him. Elseed in the main, but in place of the four Tudor windows there are two light Early English windows. The floor, like the roof, is of oak; a large Turkey carpet spreads to within three feet of the walls all around the room; the chairs, tables, etc., are of mahogany; and gold and silver ware and candelabra show brightly against the dark panels of the wainscoting. Just beyond the Guard-room stands the old red brick building known as Cranmer's Tower, which he put up in 1533. In the lower room, now used as a vestry, is the rare old chest of gopher-wood-and a beauty it is covered all over its dark rich surfaces with deftly carved scenes from Babylonish history-funerals, and festivals, and hanging gardens. It is believed to have belonged to St. Godiva, the sister of St. Augustine, or to the sister of the Prince of Orange, and is really a fascinating object of study. The old fire-place, so enormous its mantel reached the corbels of the roof, was diminished in the repetition, and the floor raised about three feet to give more space to the rooms below. The wainscoting, which also used to meet the corbels, rises only about four feet, and the space of cream-colored wall thus left between it Tradition says that Cranmer, ostensibly and the corbels is filled with the portraits a celibate, concealed his wife in this towof most of the last four centuries of arch-er, and that there she died in childbed. bishops, twenty-six in all, and the Guard- The vestry and Cranmer's parlor — the room is now the dining-hall and portrait room next above, where the organ now gallery of the see. stands-have walls and ceilings of solid oak. By the south door of the vestryroom we enter the chapel at its east or communion end. Of Laud's portrait by Vandyck, Mr. Cave Brown feelingly remarks: "One can not contemplate that face without mingled feelings: respect for that conscientious steadfastness which made him dare to do what he believed to be his duty, regret for that lack of judgment and consideration which made him so uncompromising and unconciliatory to his own ruin, and admiration of the heroism with which, at the age of threescore and ten, still true to his life-long convictions, still unbending before the malice of his enemies, unwavering in his sense of duty, unshaken in his The chapel dates from the middle of the thirteenth century. The east end has a large very beautiful stained glass window of five graduated lancets set in shafts of Purbeck marble. A similar window in the west end was closed up by the erection of Chicheley's Tower, but its splays and shafts were left, and in the central lancet Juxon placed a small bay-window jutting inward, probably to hold the lamps by which on occasion the atrium, |