terbury-was a kind of protest on the part of the English Church against the Church of Rome, and the initiative in this recession was taken by Archbishop Baldwin, who could not "get on" with the monks of Canterbury, and chose, with the countenance of Henry II., a site at Hackington, where he could bring around him a chapter of canons apart from them. This scheme had the favor of a papal bull, but jealousy quickly got that revoked, and at Baldwin's death the monks pulled down his chapel.

Some years later Lambeth-"there being reserved only a small piece of land sufficient to erect a mansion for the Bishops of Rochester whenever they came to Parliament"--became by legal process of exchange the sole property of the see of Canterbury, and a successor of Archbishop Baldwin, about 1197, began to rebuild thereon. Once more the froward cowls of Canterbury drew down on this design three successive papal anathemas, but though his work was destroyed, the archbishop staid on at Lambeth without his college and canons; and that, after its final transfer to the see of Canterbury, Lambeth was the fixed dwelling of the primates is plain from the consecutive record of their activities. It is believed that the consecration of Thomas à Becket took place here, and that as many as five hundred consecrations occurred between the archiepiscopates of Warham and Sumner, and though these ceremonies now more frequently occur in the Abbey, St. Paul's, and elsewhere, Lambeth Palace is not less the "original centre of Anglican | Church life." Among accounts of many feasts and assemblies are details of two very large conventions of church, state, university, and law dignitaries banqueting most luxuriously at "ye Archbishop's Inne" at Lambeth in 1408 and 1446; for in spite of the struggle between Rome and the English episcopate it had its cardinals, and because they were learned men in times when few were so, they often held state and judicial offices, and there were eleven Lord Chancellors among them during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Of course the prestige of the great influence this gave them with both church and state still attaches to the primacy. In 1501, Catherine of Aragon rested here with her ladies on her first coming to England; and here, on the

manly wife and queen was still living, the marriage of her faithless husband with the Lady Anne Boleyn was confirmed by Cranmer-that same Cranmer who gave to the clergy the oath assigning the royal succession to her heirs, yet only two years later, when seated judicially in the under- chapel (crypt) of the palace, annulled the marriage itself, having artfully tempted the captive and already sentenced queen to avow some just and lawful impediment to her marriage with the king," in the hope of avoiding the stake for herself and her adherents. From that dark crypt the miserable young queen, dishonored by the king, betrayed by her highest earthly spiritual adviser, and forced to affirm in her own disgrace the disinheritance of her offspring, went forth only to the scaffold, and the third day after her beheading, her maid, Jane Seymour, took her place as the wife of Henry VIII.

It is strange reading that in the very next year (1537), by virtue of the Royal Commission, various conventions of the archbishops and bishops were held at Lambeth to "devise the Godly and Pious Disposition of a Christian Man," known to history as the Bishops' Book.

And it seems not so inscrutable as many of the so-called acts of Divine Providence that these meetings should have been dispersed by the plague, "persons dying even at the palace gate." That strange man, the eighth Henry, once came in his barge to the foot of the "Water Tower," and called his tool Cranmer down the stairs to tell him of certain plottings of Bishop Gardiner and other of Cranmer's enemies, and put him in the way of triumphing over them.

Among other royal visitors of the past have been Queen Mary, who often called on her favorite Cardinal Pole, and is said to have completely furnished the palace for him; and Queen Elizabeth, who frequently visited Archbishop Parker, whom she warmly liked in spite of his having a wife, a married prelate being the gravest incongruity in her eyes.

There is a fun

By 1321 (the time of Archbishop Reynolds) the enlargements and improvements of his successors had made the palace an imposing structure. To be orderly in our tour of it we should begin with the parish church, so near as to be almost integral with it, and of which the Doomsday-book and the Textus Roffense both have record. It was extensively renovated so late as 1769, but these alterations, especially in the matters of architectural and ecclesiastical art details, were euphoniously condemned as "injudicious treatment," and all but the tower was pulled down and rebuilt in 1851.

The restoration was so capably pushed it was completed in little more than a year, and the church re-opened in 1852 by the Bishop of Winchester, and the voluntary vote of the parishioners, together with other collections, speedily cleared away the £2000 still due on the work. It has long galleries, closely paved and mostly wainscoted, and the western gallery holds a fine organ put there in the reign of Queen Anne. At the bottom of the

THE PEDDLER AND HIS DOG.

The peal of eight bells in the tower is certainly a step in advance of the wooden rattles with which previous to 680 the people were raspingly summoned to public worship. "The English are vastly fond of great noises that fill the air," wrote Hentzner at the close of the sixteenth century, "such as firing of cannon, beating of drums, and ringing of bells;.... it is common that a number of them which have got a glass in their heads do get up into some belfry, and ring bells for hours together for the sake of exercise. Hence this country has been called 'the ringing island.'" There are quaint board records in the church tower of these and other ringings.

In the adjoining church-yard rest the ashes of Bishops Thirlby and Turustall and several of the primates; and here stands the curiously devised and carved tomb of the Tradescant family, whose united collections of natural history were the beginning of the Ashmolean Museum at Oxford. It has the following inscription:

"Know, stranger, ere thou pass, beneath this stone
Lye John Tradescant, grandsire, father, son;
The last died in his spring, the other two
Lived till they'd travelled Art and Nature through;
As by their choice collections may appear,
Of what is rare in land, in sea and air,
Whilst they (as Homer's Iliad in a nut)
A world of wonders in one closet shut.
These famous antiquarians, that had been
Both gardeners to the rose and lily queen,
Transplanted now, themselves sleep here, and
when

Angels shall with their trumpets waken men,
And fire shall purge the world, these hence shall
rise,

And change this garden for a paradise."

The church tower stands so close to the Gate-house as to look, from the river, like a larger tower of that fine structure, which, standing on the same site as the earlier one, was built in 1484 by Archbishop Morton, and is known as Morton's Gateway.