Humphreys is frequently obliged to correct erroneous statements made by General Badeau and others both as to the plans and purposes of General Grant, and as to the course of events during particular engagements, and the part borne in them by the various commanders and the troops under their direction. General Humphreys writes with a fuller and more exact knowledge than was possible to those who held a less central and responsible position, and with a degree of calm dispassionateness that could not be expected of those who described their own successes or failures. His memoir has a technical military value that is conspicuously absent from some of the former volumes of the series.

record of that life and word by all the light | which Christian history and Christian scholarship could bring to bear upon it. That word and life were to him so truly divine that he believed they must find fuller vindication and ampler application as the mind of the Church was ripened in wisdom by the discipline of its history, and hence true criticism both of the Bible and of history was, in his view, no resting in the dicta of the early fathers nor acceptance of the discipline of earlier ages differently circumstanced from ours, but a reverent study in the light of all modern discoveries in every branch of literature or science which could elucidate the truth, and bring it to bear on the life of the present day." We add to Mr. Tiffany's epitome that while Dr. Washburn allowed and advocated the largest liberty to Biblical criticism, even of such as is destructive of many interpretations of Scripture that have received the sanction of particular schools and systems, and had hitherto entered into traditional beliefs, his reverent spirit prevented him from falling into any rationalistic extremes, and he found cause for congratulation in the fact, which the most destructive criticism demonstrated to his mind, that skeptical modern science, by compelling Christian science to follow strict methods of inquiry, has taught Christians to study the structure of the Bible so as to distinguish between its divine parts and its secondary historic form, has armed them more completely than ever they were armed before against the assaults of unbelief, and has demonstrated the strength of revelation in every battle it has had with each theory that sought to under-pottery, and art generally, and its definitions mine or destroy it.

THE account of the Virginia Campaign of 1864 and 1865, by Major-General A. A. Humphreys, is strictly a military memoir, in which the movements of the Army of the Potomac, and afterward of the combined forces under General Grant, are traced step by step from the passage of the Rapidan and the second battle of the Wilderness to the surrender of Lee. The various battles and operations in which the opposing forces were engaged during these movements are described with minute exactitude and exemplary brevity. General Humphreys's position as chief of staff put him in full possession of General Grant's plans and purposes in this closing campaign of the war, and enabled him to reach an accurate judgment of them from a military stand-point, as well as of their success or failure, and also to appreciate as it deserved his chief's readiness of resource when circumstances compelled a departure from or prompt modification of his original plans. In the course of the memoir General

The Virginia Campaign of 1864 and 1865. The Army of the Potomac and the Army of the James. Campaigns of the Civil War.-XII. By ANDREW A. HUMPHREYS. 12mo, pp. 451. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.

Two exceedingly convenient and generally serviceable books for the library of the scholar, and admirably suited for reference volumes in public or school libraries, and on the editor's table, are an Illustrated Dictionary of Words used in Art and Archæology,' and a Glossary of Terms and Phrases. Both works comprise much that is to be found in the more unwieldly dictionaries of Webster and Worcester, but each covers a large ground outside of the scope of any dictionary. This is especially true of technical words, and where more than one word is used to describe a thing, or where the conjuncture of two or more words into a term or phrase occurs. The first-named of these volumes is more exclusively confined to words and terms that are used in works on architecture, arms, bronzes, art, color, costume, decorations, emblems, heraldry, lace, ornaments,

and descriptions are largely assisted by copious and fine illustrations. The other volume is more popular in its character, although it embraces much that is to be found in the former, but without the aid of illustrations. Its intention is to bring together such words, expressions, phrases, quotations, etc., English or foreign, as are among those which are the more uncommon in current literature, and for the want of explanations of which, the meaning of a sentence or a paragraph, and even the drift of an argument, are often missed by the ordinary and unscientific reader. Both volumes may be consulted with the certainty of a material saving of time, and of full and accurate information conveyed clearly and concisely.

ALTHOUGH Mr. Rolfe's edition of Shakspeare's Venus and Adonis, Lucrece, and Other Poems," is printed in uniform style with his

9 An Illustrated Dictionary of Words Used in Art and Archaology. By J. W. MOLLETT, B. A., Officier de l'Instruction Publique (France). 4to, pp. 350. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, and Co.

10 Glossary of Terms and Phrases. By Rev. H. PERCY SMITH, M.A., assisted by other English Scholars. 8vo, pp. 521. New York: D. Appleton and Co.

11 Shakspeare's Venus and Adonis, Lucrece, and Other Poems. Edited, with Notes, by WILLIAM J. ROLFE, A.M. With Engravings. Sq. 16mo, pp. 218. New York: Harper and Brothers.

plays of Shakspeare, he has judiciously given | interior to trade and commerce. The list of their text without expurgation, for the reason, philanthropic and scientific African explorers, as he conclusively observes, that "The Rape | headed by the name of the illustrious Livingof Lucrece' needs none, and the 'Venus and stone, is a long and brilliant one, and that of Adonis' (like the sonnets on the same subject those who have been attracted thither by mixin The Passionate Pilgrim) does not admited or inferior motives is still longer, and inof it without being mutilated past recogni- creasing so rapidly that from present appeartion." Mr. Rolfe further remarks that "of ances it is probable that long before the close course these poems will never be read in of the next century the steamer and the iron schools or Shakspeare clubs," to which we rail will penetrate to the very heart of the may add that exquisite as these poems are as shadowy continent, and Africa will be robbed works of art, and interesting as examples of of its mystery and romance. At present, howShakspeare's earlier mind and style, they are ever, curiosity is still actively alive concerning unfit for reading by any but adults, and it this interesting land; but it is a curiosity would be difficult to decide how far they may which is not content with merely listening to be read with safety even by them. Mr. Rolfe travellers' tales, and is eager to see and perhas shown his usual soundness of judgment in chance to occupy the land. The same spirit pronouncing upon the question of Shakspeare's that has impelled individuals to encounter the authorship of the minor poems usually attrib-perils of African exploration only waits a siguted to him, and his notes and various read-nal to precipitate a movement upon Africa like ings are rich in material that scholars will recognize as possessing substantial value. All the minor poems, with the exception of the Sonnets, that may be certainly ascribed to Shakspeare are given in the text of this edition, and those which have been ascribed to him, but certainly are not his, are transferred to the Notes.

12

those which have poured a torrent of immigration and colonization upon California and Australia. And in view of this possibility, as well as from the intrinsic interest that attaches to the adventures and discoveries of past explorers, Mr. Knox's volume is a timely and welcome one. Leaving out of view those comparatively well-known portions of Africa, at the northern and southern extremities and MR. THOMAS W. KNOX has brought to an end along the line of European occupation on the the wanderings of our old friends the Boy Trav-coast, Mr. Knox accompanies his imaginary ellers in the Far East in a companion volume travellers through the less-known regious condescribing their Adventures in a Journey through stituting Central Africa, which have been travAfrica. The series now comprises five ele-ersed in recent years by Livingstone, Schweingant and copiously illustrated volumes, severally describing Japan and China; Siam, Java, and the countries and islands adjacent; Ceylon and India, together with Borneo, Burmah, and the Philippine Islands; Egypt and Palestine; and Central Africa-the whole constituting quite a complete library of travel. Long before the days of Mungo Park, Africa was regarded as a land of mystery, and strong-itude in the statement of all matters of fact, ly appealed to the imagination and stimulated the spirit of adventure; but the explorations of the heroic Scot, his graphic record of them, and his pathetic end in their further exploration, gave a strong impetus to African exploration, and powerfully contributed to concentrate the interest of the world upon the

furth, Barth, Speke, Burton, Baker, Serpa-Pinto, Stanley, and other celebrated explorers; and his narrative of the movements, observations, and adventures of his "Boy Travellers" is based upon, and in the main is a compilation of, the combined experiences of those distinguished travellers as recorded by them in their various works. While he has observed a literal exact

the nature of his narrative, as a chronicle of personal adventure, has rendered an occasional resort to fiction necessary; but this is confined within the narrowest limits compatible with a vivid and life-like presentation of the subject. In all other respects save this, and that of the individual characters portrayed, the account of travel, adventure, and exploration contained in the volume is true in every material particular.

dark continent. Since then nations have competed for the settlement and colonization of its coasts, the missionary and the philanthropist have redoubled their exertions for the conversion and civilization of its people and IF Mr. Andrew Carnegie's sprightly account the destruction of the slave trade, men of sci- of the drive of An American Four-in-hand in ence have enthusiastically prosecuted new Britain 13 introduces the reader to no scenes plans for penetrating its great geographical that are remarkably novel, it has the merit of mysteries and for solving its interesting cli- enabling him to see those with which he is tolmatic and topographical problems, and the erably familiar under unwonted and most exhilmerchant and capitalist have entered zeal- arating conditions. To drive in a well-appointously upon enterprises for opening its vasted four-in-hand from Brighton to Inverness

12 Adventures of Two Youths in a Journey through Africa. The Boy Travellers in the Far East.-Part Fifth. By THOMAS W. KNOX. Illustrated. 8vo, pp. 473. New York: Harper and Brothers.

in the companionship of a coach-load of genial

13 An American Four-in-hand in Britain. BY ANDREW CARNEGIE. 8vo, pp. 340. New York: Charles Scrib ner's Sons.

friends of both sexes, all of them with eyes | esting accounts of the curious or useful arts wide open and spirits aglow, in their superb and industries that once flourished and still health indifferent to wind and weather, and exist in parts of Italy, and in which its craftswhile enjoying the sunshine yet finding a cer- men have excelled all others, together with tain grim satisfaction in the storm, now chat- some appetizing details for the connoisseur in ting gayly or singing merrily, and now chaff- bric-a-brac, terra cotta, and Venetian and Muing each other or comparing notes, as they ranese glass. roll over the perfect roads, or thrid their narrow way through the bosky lanes of rural England, or dash through the streets of its historic towns and cities, wherever they go creating and themselves experiencing a sensation, is certainly a mode of going a-touring which has the charm of freshness, strongly in contrast with the dreary and hackneyed methods of the conventional tourist. Mr. Carnegie writes as if he were still under the spell of the enchantment of the "gay charioteers," whose trip "to paradise for three months on a coach," as one of their number of the gentler sex by a pretty euphemism characterized their jaunt, he so pleasantly chronicles. His pages sparkle with hilarity and a sense of free movement, and impart to the reader a goodly measure of his own enthusiasm and keen enjoyment.

THE fiction of the month gives no signs of a new departure such as marked the transition from Richardson to Fielding, from Fielding to Scott, and from Scott and his followers, by a sort of middle passage through Bulwer and Disraeli, to Dickens, to Thackeray, and to George Eliot. There is no lack of talent, there is a fair mastery of art and expression, but the one thing wanting is genius. Their creations are various enough, and pleasant enough as companions for the moment, but they do not live in our memories. We look on them, and straightway we forget what manner of men and women they are. We shall probably give expression to the experience of most of our readers when we say that of the thousand characters that have figured in the hundreds of novels that have been published this year scarcely half a score have made a permanent THE next best thing to a visit to Italy and lodgment in our minds. And the same obsera sojourn among its people in field and mount-vation applies to their incidents and situaain, city and village, is to lose one's self in fan- tions. For the most part, the effect produced cy in the perusal of a volume of sketches by upon us by the modern novel resembles the Mr. James Jackson Jarves, entitled Italian Ram-effect produced upon children by the card bles. These "rambles" are the fruit of a long houses with which they amuse themselves. experience of old and new Italy by the au- We are interested while we are engaged upon thor, and, as he justly remarks, many of the them, but when we lay them down we drop topics treated seldom fall within the observa- them from our thoughts just as the child drops tion of one who is not an old inhabitant of the his card houses. If so be we retain a memory country, and familiar as well with its by-ways of their titles, we lose all sense of the distinctas its highways. In this instance the author iveness of their actors and incidents. The is not only a keen observer, who looks upon principal office of the average recent novel, all the phases of the Italian life of to-day with even the best of its kind, is thus to entertain an artist's sympathetic eye, but he is also a and amuse for the moment, and perchance, contemplative student of antiquity, whose though not invariably, to refine the taste and poetic fancy enables him to bridge over the purify the morals and affections. And although chasm that divides the past and the present, this may not be the highest office possible to it and to couple them in the interested attention as a work of art, it is no mean office, nor do we of the reader. Mr. Jarves gives some exqui- know of any other popular agency that could sitely graceful sketches of portions of sylvan fill its place or do its work with equally pleasand urban Italy lying outside the track of the ing and salutary results. The novels that we ordinary tourist, and besides embodying in them shall select for brief mention from the accumuglowing and life-like transcripts of the life, man-lations of the month are fairly up to the modners, customs, and social peculiarities of the est standard we have indicated, and as is our people with whom he came in contact, more es- wont we shall announce them as nearly as pecially those in the more secluded country may be in the order of their interest and litand mountain districts, he occasionally envel-erary merit. Thus: The Senior Songman,' by opes them with a glamour of romance by coup- the author of "St. Olave's"; Sir Tom," by Mrs. ling with them the story of some associated Oliphant; Thicker than Water," by James Payn; erratic or gifted or passionate life, or of some historical or legendary incident which has happened amid the scenes he describes. Nor is this all; in the brief compass of his companionable little volume he finds room for inter

14 Italian Rambles. Studies of Life and Manners in New and Old Italy. By JAMES JACKSON JARVES. 16mo, pp. 446. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.

15 The Senior Songman. A Novel. By the Author of "St. Olave's," etc. Franklin Square Library." 4to. pp. 65. New York: Harper and Brothers. 16 Sir Tom. A Novel. By Mrs. OLIPHANT. "Franklin Square Library." 4to, pp. 79. New York: Harper and Brothers.

11 Thicker than Water. A Novel. By JAMES PAYN. Cloth, 16mo, pp. 408. New York: Harper and Brothers.

The Downward Path,18 by Emile Gaboriau; | Cotton-Spinner," by Alice O'Hanlon; A WashTimes of Battle and Rest,1o by Z. Topelius; What ington Winter,22 by Mrs. Dahlgren; A Foolish Hast Thou Done?20 by J. F. Molloy; Robert Reid, Virgin," by Ella Weed.

Editor's Bistorical Record.

The International Rifle Match at Wimble-gara, while attempting to swim through them, don, July 20 and 21, resulted in a victory for the British team by 45 points, the score being 1951 to 1906.