ADMIRALTY, &c. It extends to national navigable rivers, great lakes and to maritime navi- Our prize courts the only independent ones, 686. As to maritime contracts, 338-347. Water common carriers, and judicial rules relative to collisions, 342—346, National courts have exclusive jurisdiction of questions arising under the Congress may pass laws to protect passengers, and regulate liabilities in Practice of national courts, 356. National courts have such jurisdiction over captures, government seizures, Over maritime cases, contracts, &c., 337-346. Over maritime collisions, and judicial rules as to same and water Of extradition, inter-state and foreign, cases, 153-170, 208, 284, 298 Over crimes and offences against United States, 212, 334-336. Of foreign executives, ministers, consuls, &c., 495. Of questions incidental to main subject, 352. Of suits by or between States, or by foreign States, 279. Over ceded places, District of Columbia and the territories, 160, 295 Over fugitive criminals, 154, 155, 166, 167, 460, 461. As to laws and proofs in extradition cases, 160-170. Extradition or arrest of deserters from ships, 164-166. As to State reservations and right to serve process in ceded places, 160, The national judicial authority is co-extensive with the legislative power Mandamus, national, what, 350. Habeas corpus, national, what, 281-288, 293-296, 693. Suits in State and national courts, when, 206, 279. National and State courts, concurrent jurisdiction, when, 281–288. ADMIRALTY AND PRIZE COURTS. Our national courts are alone independent of the executive power, 686. No State court can issue any process to a national court to impede its AGENTS, PRINCIPALS, DIRECTORS OF CORPORATIONS, TRUSTEES OF When corporations and associations are liable for acts of their agents, 214, When liable for violations of duty, 373, 376-379. When States and nations are bound by agents' acts, 394-400, 407, 408, When discretionary public agents, their power, 364, 365. Legislative power is not assignable, 264, 275—277, 364, 371. Permissive powers, given by statute to public agents, are imperative, 366, Elementary principles of associations and corporations can only be changed A State legislature or corporation cannot legally contract to refuse to Want of legal power or constitutional power may be waived, 365, 384, 388. This rule applies to national and State grants of lands, 275, 410-415. They may by comity act in other States, when, 316–319, 337. Two or more corporations cannot unite unless allowed by statute, &c., Injuries incident to legislative or municipal action gives no right of action, Directors of corporations, trustees and managers of associations, deemed to They are liable for frauds and violations of duty, 320-323. If directors distribute all corporate funds and leave debts unpaid they are A court of equity will interpose to prevent directors from misapplying the The legislature may remodel municipal corporations, but cannot take their Where by statute plenary power is given a municipal corporation, or to The act of agents of a corporation in its business is its act, though unknown AGENTS, &c. ALIENS. All corporations and franchises in this country are granted by statute, and Ordinary corporators and grantees of franchises by acceptance in law, As to franchises in our Union there can be no prescription, 36, 37, 692, 695. If an illegal bridge, wharf, &c., has been put up, it may be abated, 234, By leave of the sovereign power, or by statute, a corporation or grantee Among nations and our States, foreign contracts are subject to the lex loci, A legal assignment in one State passes personal and real property in Any foreign contract made illegal by the law of the situs, though legal A mistake of a foreign law may be corrected by a new suit in the State or States of our Union are not really foreign though municipal sovereignties, 129. Foreign law, how proved, 310. Foreign law is not presumed to be known to non-residents, 312. Naturalization a natural right, 22, 24, 257–263, 450-457. United States law, 257-263. Aliens domiciled may sue in the courts of the country, 279, 280, 347. Are entitled to hospitality, 488-490, 507. As to right to hold realty, 445. Their property subject to eminent domain, 64. May escheat unless the lex loci shall otherwise declare, 70, 134, 433, 445. Property devised or descending to them may be taxed, 70, 446. Their movables in a foreign State go to it, if there is, by its law, no owner for it, 29, 70, 433. They are entitled to religious freedom, 436-438, 488, 507. To fair trials and just protection, 484, 438, 439. To domicil and trade securely protected, 439-442, 445, 447, 549. Rights of aliens abroad, 487-490, 508. ALIENS. Incipient naturalization, its effect, 449–457. Domicil, what, and its effects, 452-455. His trade is that of the country of the domicil, 452, 453. When naturalization is complete, their rights what, 22-24, 257-263, Aliens may be exiled, pursuant to a statute, 485. Alien enemies, allowed to reside in a country, may sue there, 621. ALLUVION AND OBSTRUCTION OF WATERS. Law of, 15, 16, 430. Where a river or navigable water is a national or State boundary, neither AMERICAN LAW OF REALTY. Generally allodial, free from entails absolutely, and all recorded; the State AMERICAN LAW. That which pervades the Union, 690. Civil and religious liberty, inherent natural rights, 10, 11, 436-438, 460, No person can be deprived of a right without due process of law, 65, 177, Generally an indictment must precede a trial for a crime, 357-359. A party accused of crime is not obliged to testify against himself, 358, Private property must be paid for if taken for public use, 63, 65, 76, 77, Outlawry is prohibited, and no citizen can be exiled, 362, 363, 485, 691. National navigable waters free to our citizens, 71, 234-241, 257, 402— Purpresture and nuisances in such waters, how remedied, 79, 234, 250- Free ingress and egress through all our States to citizens, and no transit No bills of attainder or ex post facto laws, 99, 691. Where navigable waters divide our States or nations, 15-18, 21, 209, 211. Cruel and unusual punishments prohibited, 691. Laws are not retrospective, 83, 86, 692. An American's house cannot be searched without warrant on oath, 693. A State legislature only can declare martial law therein, 33, 35, 694. In public grants nothing passes by implication, 415, 694. A State, in trust for its people, owns the soil under navigable waters, with AMERICAN LAW. The people of the United States made the national Constitution, and vested All franchises are a permanent part of the legislative power, 36, 37, 237, Americans have a right to bear arms, 693. Realty and immovables are governed by the law of the situs, 107, 111, Treason against a State or the United States, what, 323-332, 695. Inter-state and constitutional comity, what, 95-99, 129, 173-175, 176, Judgments in personam must be on due personal service, and in rem on legal notice, 123, 147, 177—179, 180-191, 202, 206, 357-364, 696. All national territories, District of Columbia and ceded places are subject AMERICAN CITIZENS. Who are and who are not, and the rights of citizenship, 472, 480—183, When naturalized, what, 221, 248. Who can become citizens, and how, 258, 263, 449, 450-455. Incipient citizens, 450, 455. American citizens and aliens in United States alike protected, 507, 508. AMERICAN HUMANITY. In war, contrasted with British and Mexican, 599-608, 612, 614, 638, 688, AMERICAN TITLES, 394-398, 401-407, 690. AMERICANS. Pacific and humane, 538, 587, 588, 608, 609, 616, 617, 619. ARMY, NAVY, MILITIA, MARTIAL LAW, INSURRECTION, COURTS MAR- Whole military and naval power is vested in the President, to prevent The President may, during the war, establish military governments in con- ASSESSMENTS AND TAX SALES. When legal, 191-193, 363. ASSIGNMENT OF LEGISLATIVE POWER, A legislature or corporation cannot do it, 222, 223, 264, 274, 277, 278, ASYLUM AND HOSPITALITY. Right of, 434, 435, 442-446. ASSIGNMENTS, WILLS, STOCKS, FOREIGN LAWS, &c. Of other States, and foreign, when valid, and their effect, 100, 102—113, |