to a male of sixteen years of age and upwards at least one shilling a day with only ordinary exertion, and more with extraordinary exertion. The average weekly earnings of indentured coolies are from 5s. 6d. to 5s. 10d. for males, and from 4s. 2d. to 4s. 11d. for females, when employed on day labour; and from 4s, 9d. to 6s. 4d. for males, and 3s. 9d. to 5s. 10d. for females, when employed on task work; but it is the usual custom for the employer to grant leave to those who may desire it, for the whole, or at all events, the half of each Saturday-a concession which the coolies invariably avail themselves of. With regard to the earnings of the coolies whose indentures have expired, it is difficult to furnish any reliable information, as they do not come under the immediate supervision of the officers of the Immigration Department. Many of them are engaged in trade throughout the island, and are in prosperous circumstances; others have purchased land, and are successfully cultivating the same. As an instance of the success which has attended some of the immigrants:-A property was purchased a few months since (31st Oct. 1872) in the parish of Hanover, for the sum of 600l., by three coolies, who are now putting in canes, and carrying on the cultivation as a sugar estate. TOBAGO. According to last advices from this colony, the rates of wages were as follows:-Predial labourers 6d. to 8d. per day, and 8d. to 1s. per task or job, besides provision grounds; Domestic servants, 107. to 127. per annum; ordinary Tradesmen, 2s. 6d. to 38. 6d. per day. ST. VINCENT.-The rate of wages must not be less than at the rate of 10d. per working day for a first class labourer, of 5d. for a second class, and of 3d. for a third class, in addition to a gratuitous ration during the first month's service of 10 lbs. of rice, 3 lbs. of salt fish, and half a pound of ghee or butter per week. SAINT LUCIA. Statement of the Rates of Wages, Prices of Food, and other matters affecting the condition of the Indian immigrants in this Colony for the year 1873. Wages. Field Labour.-Men, 18. per day of 10 hours; women, 10d. per day of 10 hours. The working day divided as follows:-6 to 3 a.m., 9 to 12 noon, 1 to 6 p.m. Task Work.-Hoeing and planting, 1s. per 100 holes; weeding, 6d. per 100 holes. An able-bodied and industrious man may earn from 2s. to 3s. a day. In the Manufactory, Mill, and Boiling House. Men from 1s. 3d. to 1s. 6d. per day; women from 1s. 3d. to 1s. 6d. per day. Stock Minders, Carters, and Cattle Drivers.-Men 18. per day. Children employed in light work usually earn 6d. per day. Cost of Food.-Fish, salted, 4d. to 5d. per lb.; fish, fresh, 5d. per lb.; beef, 8d. per lb.; mutton, 9d. per lb.; pork, 9d. per lb.; poultry, 9d. per lb. ; rice, 2d. to 3d. per lb.; farine manioc, 2d. to 3d. per lb.; wheat flour, 4d. per lb.; bread, 3d. to 4d. per lb.; vegetables, fresh, 1d. to 2d. per b.; oil, olive, 1s. 2d. per bottle; butter, salted, Is. 10d. to 25. per lb.; sugar, muscovado, 4d. per lb. Dwellings.-Immigrants and agricultural labourers, generally, are provided with dwellings free of charge, as long as they continue to give their ser vices to the proprietor. Garden Ground.-Agricultural labourers attached to estates are generally allowed as much provision ground as they can cultivate free of charge; some of them also cultivate canes on the Metairie systen with the proprietor. Medical Attendance, &c.-Indentured immigrants are entitled to medical treatment and care free of charge. Labourers generally, not natives of St. Luca and who have been less than two years resident the island, are entitled to receive medical treatmen free of charge from the estate on which they rese Dispensaries have been established in several places in each district of the island, at which labourers f every description can receive medical advice ari medicines free of charge. ST. CHRISTOPHERS.-The ordinary wages are male labourers 1s., women 8d., children 4d. to b and artizans 2s. to 3s. per diem. NEVIS. The usual mode of labour is by task and wages are regulated according to the descri tion of work. The following will give some idea of the wages paid :— Trenching raw land, per acre Boiler men Mill hands 15 0 12 0 06 10 3d. to 04 20 1 3 1 0 GRENADA. Predial wages range from 6d. to l per day, and by task or job from 10d. to 2; fr domestics from 6d. to 1s. 6d.; and for trades frur: 2s. 6d. to 4s. per diem. BERMUDA.-The wages for labour are,-with board Men, about 36s. sterling per month; Women, abat 178.; without board European Field Labourers, M." 3s. 6d. to 4s. perdi em; Mechanics, 5s. to 7s. per dic BAHAMAS.-The Surveyor General, in a reper dated 12th April 1870, gives the average daily rate of wages at Nassau as follows:-Masons, Carpenters and Painters, 3s. to 4s., Joiners 4s., Ship Carpet ters 5s. to 6s., and Labourers 1s. Sd. to 28. aa Cooks 16s., Grooms 30s., and Domestic Servant 16s. to 208. per month, with board; Washerwotnes 4s. per doz. clothes; Limeburners 44d., and Cburners 6d. per bushel. MAURITIUS.-Coolies are provided by their ployers with lodgings and rations, but not wat clothing. Wages vary with the age and experinct of the immigrants. The rations usually consist 1 lb. 8 oz. of rice, or 2 lbs. of pounded maize. »” 2 lbs. 8 oz. of cooked manioc, or 5 lbs. of raw mani per diem, with an allowance of 8 oz. of dhol., of salt fish, 4 oz. of ghee or oil, and 4 oz. of salt p" week. The estimated cost of the rations per met is from 78. 6d. to 9s. The wages of ordinary 45′′ cultural labourers of 18 years of age and upwards are, for new immigrants 10s. per month for the first year, increasing 1s. every year to 14s. per month in the fifth year of their service. Immigrants who go back to Mauritius after having returned to India receive from 11s. to 15s. per month; old immigrants, from 10s. to 20s. per month. The wages for tradesinen, artizans, and domestic servants vary from 12s. to 41, per month. The day's work is fixed by law at nine hours. ST. HELENA.-In a letter from the Colonial Secre given as follows:-Labourers, 1s. 6d. to 3s. per day, without rations; Domestic Servants, 67. to 20l. per annum, with rations; and Tradesmen, 3s. to 6s. per day, without rations. But it is added that owing to the want of employment in the island, 261 liberated Africans had been sent to Lagos and Sierra Leone, and that 280 labourers of the native population had emigrated to the Cape of Good Hope. DEMAND FOR LABOUR IN THE WEST INDIES. JAMAICA.-W. M. Anderson, Esq., the late Immigration Agent, in a Report, dated 5th March 1868, which is still applicable, says : "Agricultural labour is still very much wanted in several districts of the island, but employers hesitate to apply for immigrants in consequence of the bad class of people introduced last year, and also on account of the high rate they have to pay for them, in addition to the export duty on produce, and the expense of medical attendance, food, &c., until they get acclimated. "The importation of immigrants into Jamaica was suspended from 1863 to 1867. In June and July of the latter year 1,625 Coolies were introduced from Calcutta, but these are reported not to have given satisfaction to the planters, owing, it is said, to their being ill-selected." The demand for labour still continues. The number of immigrants for whose introduction in the course of the season 1873-4 applications have been received in the Colony was 840. BRITISH GUIANA. The following official Report from Mr. Walker, the Assistant Government Secretary, dated 4th March 1869, is considered to be still applicable. "There is a steady and increasing demand for agricultural labourers; but, from the nature of the climate, Europeans are totally unfit to be so employed. European tradesmen, if thoroughly competent, would no doubt obtain constant and remunerative employment; and, if their trade be such as could be carried on within doors, might entertain a reasonable hope of succeeding and saving money, provided they avoided intemperance, to which the climate and the circumstances in which they would be placed offer great temptations. The field for the employment of such persons is very limited." The numbers of immigrants for whose introduction during the season 1873-4 applications have been received by the colonial authorities, are:12,510 East Indians from Calcutta, "In order to keep up the present sugar and cocoa cultivation of the island, an annual introduction of from 2,000 to 3,000 immigrants is required." The number of emigrants for whose introductions applications have been received is not less than 1,500 for the season 1873-4. NEVIS. The demand for labour in this island is reported to be very great. Application has been received for the introduction into this island of 350 coolies from the East Indies. ST. VINCENT. There is always a demand for labour. The supply is insufficient, and it will take some years of steady immigration before the want will be satisfied. ST. KITT'S. The demand for labour is reported to be moderate. A small annual immigration will, it is considered, suffice to stimulate native industry. GRENADA. The demand for labour still continues. BERMUDA. The Colonial Secretary, in a letter dated 7th December 1871, says : "Tithes do not exist among us; religious freedom is complete; taxation is very light; social tranquillity is never disturbed; the soil is generous, and yields to a culture which scarcely deserves the name of labour almost everything which either the temperate or the tropical zones can produce; the climate is indeed relaxing, but for this its very pleasantness is to blame; in no place are instances of longevity more numerous in proportion to the population; fish is very abundant, and the fisheries very imperfectly worked; the commercial situation is unsurpassed geographically; the agricultural, or rather the market-gardening resources of Bermuda are such as to offer a certain reward to horticulture, and the demand for the New York market is equal to any supply that can be produced. "Agricultural labourers are much wanted, and two or three whitesmiths would find work; but domestic servants and mechanics, such as carpenters, masons, coopers, saddlers, &c., would not meet with much encouragement." CHAPTER V. Summaries of Qualifications required for Legal and Medical Professions.-Of Laws respecting Naturalization of Aliens. Of Imperial Passengers' Acts, and Regulations for Passenger Ships.-Space allowed for Carriage of Emigrants.-Intercolonial Voyages.-East Indian Emigration Act.-Chinese Passengers' Act, and Colonial Ordinances and Proclamations on Conveyance of Passengers. - Polynesian Kidnapping Act.-. Abstract of United States Passengers' Act.-Summaries of Laws regulating the Sale of Land in the Colonies; and limiting the Rights of the Crown and Individuals.-Tables showing amount of Land alienated and unalienated; and Modes of Disposal of Land.-Land Privileges to Naval and Military Officers. Official Replies to the Questions whether British and Foreign Barristers, Attorneys, Physicians, Surgeons, and Apothecaries can practise immediately after Arrival in the undermentioned Colonies, on the Strength of their British or Foreign Qualifications, or whether they must undergo any and what Process to obtain Colonial Qualifications, before they can practise: Colony. CANADA, PROVINCE PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. Barristers. Barristers cannot practise in the Pro- Besides colonists the following persons are eligible for admission to practise as barristers in the courts of law. (1) Barristers of the United Kingdom or of any of the North American Provinces which admit in their courts Canadian barristers to practise, are allowed (in the latter case with the sanction of the Canadian Law Society) to practise in the province of Ontario. (2) Bachelors or masters of arts, or bachelors of law, in any of the universities of the United Kingdom, who have been admitted into and been standing on the books of the Law Society of Upper Canada as students of law for three years. See cap. 34., Consol. Stats. of Upper Canada, page 410. Attorneys. Similar answer as for bar- Physicians, Surgeons, and Persons holding M.D., degrees from any university or college in H. M.'s, dominions, are entitled to diplomas as licentiates, from the Colonial College of Physicians and Surgeons, to practise without undergoing any further investigation into their qualifications. But they must prove their identity, on oath, to the satisfaction of the Board. Surgeons holding diplomas from the Royal College of Surgeons of England, Scotland, and Ireland (Dublin), or licentiates of the two last colleges, will be only entitled to obtain a diploma from the Colonial College of Physicians and Surgeons to practise as surgeons, on being found qualified after an examination, in all the branches required for a general practitioner. Apothecaries, possessing the diploma of the Royal College of Surgeons of England and the Apothecaries Company (otherwise called General Practitioners in England), will be entitled, by a late regulation, to practise all the branches of medicine without any further examination on satisfying the Board of Governors, of their identity. Unless admitted and en Medical men, being natives of the rolled in the provincial Legal gentlemen practise in this colony both as barristers and Same as in New Brunswick. No person can practise physicor surgery, unless he shall have obtained a diploma from some college or other public institution of Great Britain, Ireland, United States, or Canada, authorized to grant the same; or, unless he shall have been carefully examined by competent judges appointed by the Governor of the Province in Council, and upon their report shall have received a licence from the Governor for that purpose. There are no regulations as to apothecaries. Same as in New Brunswick. The colonial laws, No. 8 of 1863 and No. Similar answer as for bar- Similar provisions as for Surgeons or apothecaries can practise immediately under their British or Foreign qualifications. British and foreign physicians, surgeons, and apothecaries can practise; hat must be registered before they can legally collect fees. See Act of 1967. common law of England prevails, or in the Court of Session in Scotland (2.) any person who has taken the degree of Doctor of Civil Laws at any University in the United Kingdom; (3.) any person instructed within this Colony in the knowledge and prac tice of law, and duly qualified to be called to the Bar there, subject to any future regulations established within the Colony, t practise in the courts of British Columbia and Vancouver Island. Provided, in the case of colonial barristers and advocates, the candidates, if applying after the establishment of examinations for admission, but not before, shall have passed such examinatin in the laws and practice of British Columbia. BERMUDA BAHAMAS JAMAICA A Colonial Act prohibits, under a Similar answer as for There is no law governing this subset unless such person shall have been admitted a Barrister-at-Law in England or Ireland, or a member of the Faculty of Advocates in Scotland, or shall have kept at least 12 terms in one of the Inns of Court England or Ireland, or shall have served three years, or longer, as a pupil under some Barrister or Attorney practising in the said Islands of Bermuda. A person who has been called to the By 29 Vict., Sess. II., cap. 2., members A person who has been A British or foreign physician or surgeon can practise in the Colony, In the Island of New Providence, bew ever, in order that he may dispense medicines to his patients without being liable to the annual tax of li he must have duly registered his ploma from any legally ree medical or surgical British or breat institution in the Public Secretari office, and paid a fee of 10 upon H doing. A license to any person to se or offer for sale,by retail, or to dispense any medicine or drag in the sa Island of New Providence is granted by the Governor in Counc to a person who is a graduate or centiate of some British or fore legally recognised medical or surgica institution, or Society of Apothecaries, or who shall have served two year a an apothecary's or chemist's es lishment, and shall produce a satefactory certificate from such sp eary or chemist, or from some resident graduate or licentiate, of being petent to make up medical prestre tions. |