Section 1503, the provisions of the section not being applicable to her

case.

The following prices for school-books were fixed by the Board, in accordance with Section 10, Chapter 127, statutes of 1887 :

The following resolutions were adopted:

Resolved: That Prof. Childs be appointed a committee of one to report a special list of books to be placed in the school libraries for use in connection with the State Geographies, State History and work on Civil Government; said list to include all books referred to in the aforesaid State books. .

Resolved: That Professors More and Childs are hereby requested to report a list of professional books, which may be recommended for county teacher's libraries.

The following books were added to the State Library list :
Skinner's Arbor Day Manual.

Shaw's Selections for Written Reproduction.

Tracey's Health for Little Folks.

Lessons in Hygiene.

Hooker's Science Primer of Botany.

Johonnot's Principles and Practice of Teaching.

J. McN. Wright's Nature Reader (No. 3.)

RENEWAL OF PRIMARY CERTIFICATES.

Q. In renewing a primary certificate can the County Board compel the holder to pass an examination in such additional studies as are at present required?

A. The matter of renewing certificates is entirely in the hands of the County Board (See Sec. 1775) and they can make such rules for the renewal of certificates as they may think best.

I have previously expressed the opinion that it was eminently

proper to require an examination in the additional studies since these studies must now be taught in all schools.

EXAMINATION FOR PRIMARY CERTIFICATES.

Q. Is not a County Board of Education compelled to include all branches enumerated in Sec. 1772 in order that a primary certificate may be legal?

A. In my opinion an applicant for a primary certificate should pass an examination in all studies mentioned in Sec. 1772, P. C.

TEMPORARY CERTIFICATES.

Q.-May a County Board be compelled to issue a temporary certificate on a grammar grade certificate from another county?

A.-Every County Board is a law unto itself in the matter of issuing certificates. There is no appeal from its rules if they do not conflict with the statutes.

SCHOOL FUND USED FOR PURCHASING FLAGS.

Q. Can flags be purchased with money from the County Fund? A. If a district has maintained an eight month's school, I think they are perfectly justifiable in purchasing a flag with any balance that may remain in their county fund.

FILING OATH OF OFFICE.

Q. Can a Trustee file his oath of office after the expiration of ten days from the time he received notice of his election or appointment? A. He can not. See Section 907 Political Code.

BOND ELECTIONS.

Q. Is it necessary to keep the polls open for more than six hours for a School Bond Election?

A. It is not. See Sec. 1882, ¶ 3.

Q. Is it necessary for the Board of Trustees to swear before a notary to all proceedings of a School Bond Election when making their report to the Board of Supervisors ?

A. It is only necessary for the Board of Trustees to make a full report properly signed.

G. S. C. SCHOOLS.

Q.-If a district, having two schools, has elected to have the G. S. C., may one of the schools be considered a grammar grade, while the other retains the G. S. C.?

A.—I think it may.

Q.-May the County Superintendent in grading schools July 1st, grade the schools in aforesaid manner?

A. If the people of the district have voted to have one of the schools a G. S. C. then it becomes the duty of the Superintendent to grade in accordance with that fact.

Will the Superintendents of those counties which have printed questions for the examination of teachers please send a copy of same to this office?

ITEMS.

Prof. C. E, Hutton, principal of the Santa Rosa public schools, has been elected to a chair in the Normal School at Los Angeles. He will accept.

Prof. S. D. Waterman of Stockton has been elected to the principalship of the Berkeley High School.

Hon. E. B. McElroy has just been elected for a third term to the State Superintendency.

Mrs. R. G. Young of Helena, Montana, has been re-elected Superintendent of the city schools for two years, at a salary of $2,500 per year.

Mrs. Young has also been re-elected a teacher in the High School of that city at a salary of $95 per month.

The certificates of Sarah Lawson and Karen Lawson of Shasta County were revoked by the County Board for unprofessional conduct, viz: Non-attendance at last Institute without giving good reasons.

ENGLISH AS SHE IS WROTE.

Under this head we print a few of the answers made by those ambitious to be teachers in Shasta County to questions submitted by the Board of Education this week:

Use the following words in sentences of sufficient length to show their meaning:

Tantamount-The tantamount is an animal of the monkey species; the tantamount was killed; he had a view of the tantamount last evening; he was willing to enter the tantamount.

Oscillation-We do not believe that oscillation is the proper method of punishment in this country; oscillation is usually painless. Resuscitate-They resussitate medicine into the flesh; he plainly saw that to resusatate the question would be to lose all hope; he said you should never resuscitate.

Propinquity-The propinquity is so great that he objected to take part in the debate.

Inscrutable-The metal was inscruciable.

Obsequious-The obsequious consequences resulting from his death has caused general disappointment.

Surreptitious-The man being of a surreptitious nature the people would not trust him.-Redding Free Press.

Editorial Department.

COUNTY Superintendents will confer a favor upon us, as well as upon the teachers and school officers by sending us the revised lists of district clerks as soon as possible. We, of course, must send to the clerks of last school year until we are notified of a change. It not unfrequently happens that the district libraries lose several copies of the JOURNAL because it has been directed to the wrong person, the former clerk of the board of trustees. All this trouble will be avoided if Trustees report promptly, after they have organized, to their county Superintendent, and he in turn report the new list of district clerks to

us.

A GENTLEMAN well informed regarding the workings of prisons and familiar with the science of penology, is reported to have said that crime results more from a lack of discipline in the home that from all other causes combined. This thought will create surprise in the minds of some and a positive denial on the part of others, particularly those who have always looked upon the saloon with its necessary intemperance as the parent of crime. There is no doubt in the minds of thinking people that the use of intoxicants is responsible for much civil disorder and wrong doing but it is also true that the public mind is not sufficiently impressed with the disastrous results which unmistakably flow from a failure on the part of parents in bringing up their children in the way they should go.

Personal and willing obedience to properly constituted authority is the foundation of all civil government. Without it there can be no security for property or safety for life; it is the bulwark of social order and upon it the perpetuity of a free government must necessarily depend. Its importance as a factor in self-government is not properly appreciated. We hear much from certain quarters on the absolute necessity of teaching patriotism and the fundamental principles of our government in our schools which is all very timely and should receive proper recognition by school authorities and teachers, but let it not be forgotten by parents that upon them rests, even in a greater measure, the duty and the possibility of leaving as a legacy to the State a generation of young people who know how to rule because they have

learned to obey. It is an oft-repeated remark, particularly by teach ers whose knowledge has become enriched by experience, that the im portance of implicit obedience assumes grander proportions as their observations of men and affairs are extended. He who would impress the national thought with a knowledge of the true value of the principle of obedience to the extent that it would become a living force in the nation's life, awakening the parents, rich and poor alike, so that all would require and secure even a fair measure of obedience from their children, would be entitled to the nation's gratitude and be worthy a monument more lasting than marble or brass. His name should go down to posterity as one of the saviors of his country.

THE TEACHER, too, has a duty in instilling principles of obedience which is not always considered in its relations to preparation to good citizenship. Too often the weary and jaded teacher regards obedience merely as a temporary shift for tiding over the labors of the day, a means for securing present immunity from care and annoyance and not as laying the foundations of character. All patriotism and love of country must be based upon obedience to law, and when a man boasts of the grand institutions of his country and how much he honors them his words are a hollow mockery, if at the same time he does not show his patriotism by obedience to his country's laws.

If the teacher would do the best work in this particular and what is his unquestioned duty, he must labor to secure in the minds of his pupils that comprehensive view of the necessity of obedience which looks not only to present conduct but sees in it a stable principle which adds dignity and character to the individual as well as honor and perpetuity to the State. A youth obtaining a common school education, while at the same time exhibiting a spirit of insubordination and rebellion to the just demands of teacher and parent, becomes a menace to the State and he will be dangerous to the extent that he becomes informed. That kind of school discipline which does not lead to a reverence for rightful authority is not worthy the name, because it does not possess any disciplinary qualities. It leads to irreverence and insubordination and it will end in the prison if the orderly forces of society get their own.

IN THE following table will be found the number of children between five and seventeen years of age in seventeen of the largest cities of the State as reported by the school census marshalls in June, 1889, and in June, 1890. In a few cases there seems to have been a