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PHYSIOLOGICAL NOTES ON

PRIMARY EDUCATION AND THE STUDY OF LANGUAGE. By Mary Putnam Jacobi. Published by G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York.

We have not read a book for a long time which has impressed us more than this. The author has observed and thought to some purpose. The two papers entitled "An Experiment in Primary Education" deserves to be read and studied by every teacher. The author not only adversely criticises what is, but shows what would be better, and not in an entirely dogmatic way. We wish California teachers would buy this book and read it. Dr. Harris gave an interesting report of it at the last meeting of the N. E. A. See Proceedings. For sale by the Bancroft Company, San Francisco.

RIVERSIDE LITERATURE SERIES, No. 47. Fables and Folk Stories, in two parts. Part I. By Horace E. Scudder. Published by Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 4 Park street, Boston.

This number of this popular series is intended to be used as a reader in school. It contains nearly 100 pages of interesting matter-just what will captivate the young pupil and make learning to read a constant delight-and all for 15 cents.

TARBELL'S LESSONS IN LANGUAGE. By Horace S. Tarbell, A. M., Superintendent Public Schools, Providence, R. I. First book. Published by Ginn & Co. OLD SOUTH LEAFLETS. Published by D. C. Heath & Co., Boston.

The publishers have issued in cheap form about twenty of the so-called Old South Lectures, delivered in the summer of 1888-" Federal Constitution of the Swiss Confederation of May 29, 1874";

"The Bill of Rights"; "Coronado's Letters to Mendoza"; "Eliot's Brief Narrative"; "Wheelock's Narrative (1762).”

THE SATIRES OF JUVENAL. Edited by Thomas B. Lindsay, Ph. D. Boston University. Published by the American Book Company, New York, Cincinnati and Chicago.

The text of this edition agrees in the main with that of Bucheler's edition of Jahn. Several of the satires are omitted, and in those retained all lines have been dropped which would in the least offend a rational delicacy, even in mixed classes. The book is profusely illustrated.

SELECTED LETTERS OF M. TULLIU'S "CICERO," with introduction and notes. By A. P. Montague, A. M., Ph. D., Professor of Latin in the Columbian University, Washington, D. C. Published by Eldredge & Brother, Philadelphia. Professor Montague has edited this edition of "The Letters of Cicero" with a sincere desire to make American students more familiar with the life and character of this great orator, as well as to throw light upon the men and customs of his age. The typographical features of this volume in every way sustain the well-deserved, high reputation of the publishers.

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not only comes within the comprehension of quite young pupils, but is also attractive. The order of topics presented is such that a knowledge of those near and most familiar is made the basis for the discussion of those more remote. Teachers who are unable to introduce this subject in an extended course will find this book valuable for occasional exercises.

THE MORNING HOUR. A daily song service, with responsive Scripture lessons. Prepared for schools and families by Irving Emerson, teacher of music, Hartford, Conn., (). B. Brown, teacher of music, Malden. Mass., and George E. Gay, Principal of the High School, Malden, Mass. Published by Ginn & Co., Boston.

This work has been very carefully prepared. It will be found to contain the standard songs of praise sung by all English-speaking people, with many others specially suited to the comprehension and utterance of young people. Like the hymns, the tunes include the best of the old ones and many new ones from both American and foreign composers. The selections from the Bible have been chosen with equal care. They are such as will be found appropriate for the purpose, have no sectarian bearing, are not too long and are arranged for responsive reading.

COMMON SENSE EXERCISES IN GEOGRAPHY. "Teachers' Help Manual" Series, No. 9. By Seymour Eaton. Published by New England Publishing Company, Boston. 50 pp., 9x6. Price,

25 cents.

The author well says that this book deserves an appreciative reception. There are 632 exercises, all good, such as will require original thinking on the part of teacher and pupil. They are suggestive rather than exhaustive, as all such exercises should be. "The age of the catechism has gone by, and young and old in the school and in the world are reaching

after the knowledge that is above and beyond by the development of the power of thought within." For the money, it will be difficult to find in the whole range of text-books and aids anything approaching this volume for instruction, suggestion and inspiration.

GEOGRAPHICAL NEWS OF THE YEAR. By Gilman C. Fisher. Published by the New England Publishing Company, Boston. 34 pp. Price, 20 cents.

Superintendent Fisher is certainly a genius. His Essentials of Geography" is an ingenious book, full of good sense, bright, up with the times and every way successful. Each year he replaces about thirty pages with the very latest and best geographical facts and figures. This season these fresh pages are printed by themselves, and are indispensable to the best use of any text-book in geography that is published.

RECREATION QUERIES IN UNITED STATES

HISTORY. By C. L. Gruber. Published by the New England Publishing Company, Boston. 136 pp., 7x5. Price, 75 cents.

There

Of the many books of historical questions and answers that have from time to time appeared, no inexpensive volume has been so complete, authentic and varied as this. There are 600 sensible questions upon the facts and fancies, theories and traditions in United States history, politics and literature, with full, intelligent, clearly stated answers. are a number of historical conundrums, with answers; historical expressions, with key, giving author and circumstances connected with each, and 100 popular names of historical persons. It is the work of a scholarly genius, and is printed and bound in the most attractive style. It is an exhaustless source of recreative material, but it is more than that-it is an inspiration to study and enjoy American history in all forms.

THE ELEMENTS OF PSYCHOLOGY. By Gabriel Compayre. Translated by William H. Payne, Ph.D., L.L.D. Published by Lee & Shepard, Boston. Price, $1. Dr. Compayre is so well known as a writer on subjects pertaining to education that any new work of his is sure to be received with favor. Although many works on Psychology have been published within the last few years, still the imperfections of many of them have led to the belief that a better one was yet to come. The two extremes to be avoided are too broad generalizations for the ordinary reader and a set of empirical rules without the needed practical applications. These extremes Dr. Compayre has endeavored to avoid. He has endeavored to write a book which should be of interest to the general reader and at the same time a source of profit. A teacher ought to read this book and enjoy it; he certainly would be profited.

THE MAGAZINES.

Magazines received for December:

ST. NICHOLAS, $3 per annum. The Century Company, 33 East Seventeenth street, New York.

THE ENGLISH ILLUSTRATED MAGAZINE, 15 cents per number. Macmillan & Co., 112 Fourth avenue, New York.

THE CHAUTAUQUAN, $2. Meadville, Pa.

THE MAGAZINE OF AMERICAN HISTORY, $5. 743 Broadway, New York.

POET LORE, $2 50. 1602 Chestnut street, Philadelphia.

NEW ENGLAND MAGAZINE, $3 per annum. 36 Broomfield street, Boston.

THE

NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW stands easily at the head of American monthlies, both for variety and freshness of the topics treated and in the celebrity and authoritative character of the contributors.

Monthly, $5 per annum. 3 East Fourteenth street, New York.

SCRIBNER'S MAGAZINE for December has serial articles of great interest by Sir Edwin Arnold, Henry M. Stanley, Robert Louis Stevenson, Prof. James Boyce, Richard H. Davis, Carl Leumholtz and others.

$3 per annum. Charles Scribner's Sons, 743-745 Broadway, New York.

THE

PACIFIC EDUCATIONAL JOURNAL.

Official Organ of the Department of Public Instruction.

VOL. V

JANUARY, 189

CIVIL GOVERNMENT OF CALIFORNIA.

No..

[ARRANGED BY JULIA B. HOITT.]

The first official act looking to the establishment of a State government for California was the issuance of a proclamation on June 3, 1849, by Brigadier-General Bennett Riley, U. S. A., the then Military Governor of the Territory, "recommending the formation of a State Constitution or a plan of a Territorial Government. '' The Convention was made to consist of thirty-seven Delegates, to be chosen as follows: District of San Diego, two Delegates; of Los Angeles, four; of Santa Barbara, two; of San Luis Obispo, two; of Monterey, five; of San Jose, five; of San Francisco, five; of Sonoma, four; of Sacramento, four; and of San Joaquin, four.

The election for delegates was held on August 1, 1849. The Convention met in Colton Hall, in the town of Monterey, at twelve M. on Saturday, September 1, 1849, and adjourned on Saturday, October 13, 1849. The Convention admitted to seats quite a number of delegates in excess of those contemplated in the proclamation of General Riley. On organization, Robert Semple was chosen President, and Willam G. Marcy, Secretary. The Constitution formed by the Convention was adopted by the people at an election held November 13, 1849.

SECOND CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION.

On March 30, 1878, an Act was approved to provide for a Convention to frame a new Constitution for the State of California. The Act provided for an election to be held on June 19, 1878, for Delegates to the Convention, and that the number of delegates should be onehundred and fifty-two-one from each Senatorial District, one from each Assembly District and eight from each of the four Congressional Districts. The convention met in the State Capitol, at Sacramento, on Saturday, September 28, 1878, and adjourned on Monday, March 3, 1879. The new Constitution was ratified by a vote of the people on Wednesday, May 7, 1879. Joseph P. Hoge, was President of the Convention; Isaac Belcher, President pro tem; Joseph A. Johnson and Edwin F. Smith, Secretaries.

The first session of the State Legislature met at San Jose, December 15, 1849. The second session met also at San Jose, in January, 1851. The third session was held partly in Vallejo and partly in Sacramento. The fourth partly in Vallejo and partly in Benicia. The fifth in Benicia, and all subsequent sessions in Sacramento.

Previous to the meeting of the first Legislature, Monterey had been the seat of government. Thus the Capitols of California have been in turn Monterey, San Jose, Vallejo, Benicia and Sacramento.

The Constitution of a State generally begins with "A Declaration of Rights." This declaration names the rights or privileges which are given by the State Government to every one of its citizens.

are:

Among the principal rights which the people of California receive

Free exercise of religious belief.

Privilege of habeas corpus.

Privilege of trial by jury.

Freedom of speech.

Right of assembly and petition.

Foreigners subject to the naturalization laws have the same rights.

as native-born citizens.

Slavery is forbidden.

Treason against the State is defined.

Privilege of voting without property qualification.

RIGHT OF SUFFRAGE.

It is left to each State to decide for itself what persons or classes of persons shall enjoy the right of suffrage, except that no restrictions are to be placed on voters on account of race, color or previous condi

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