with this idea that he devoted his spare time when a young man to teaching night school in his native city in order that the poor youths might be given a start towards bettering their condition.

In the days of General Terrazas' young manhood and up to the time that General Porfirio Diaz ascended to the presidency and established permanent peace, Mexico was the scene of wars and disorders. While General Terrazas entered upon a mercantile career he found it necessary to frequently respond to the military call of duty. On one occasion the city of Chihuahua was captured by a force of several hundred bandits. The governor fled to Juarez. Terrazas organized a volunteer force of men and recaptured the city of which he was at that time the jefe politico or mayor. In recognition of this service he was made governor of the state. He served several terms in that capacity and when he finally decided to retire to private life the reins of government were turned over to his son-in-law, Enrique C. Creel, who afterwards became Mexican ambassador to the United States and is now minister of foreign affairs of Mexico.

General Terrazas lives in unpretentious style. He has a large and comfortable residence upon one of his ranches where he spends part of his time. He has traveled extensively in the United States and Mexico. He has always been active in the development of the natural resources of his native state and welcomed the advent of American capital.

THE HE native women of the Portuguese province of Mozambique, in Africa, paint their faces with a peculiar paste, made by grinding a certain kind of wood on a wetted stone. It is most refreshing, according to the account of those who use this odd cosmetic, and greatly improves the complexion, removing wrinkles, and keeping the skin free from eruptive blemishes. When dry it turns a dazzling white, so as to give to a woman decorated with it the effect of wearing a ghastly mask.

Some of the wood from which the paste is made has been sent by our con

A

NOVEL and interesting lighthouse, the main feature of which is that it requires no manual attention, has recently been completed in the English Channel. The situation is off The situation is off the coast of Guernsey, Channel Islands, and some sort of warning has long been considered necessary by shipping circles. These islands are very rockbound, and scattered submerged reefs and masses of rocks extend for some distance from the mainland. Under these circumstances the entrance to St. Peter Port, which has only one navigable channel, and that somewhat narrow, is extremely difficult in rough and foggy weather, and numerous disasters have occurred in the vicinity of the entrance.

The problem, however, offered tremendous difficulties. The only possible situation for a lighthouse was an isolated detached rock known as the Platte Fougère, about a mile seawards, which marks the entrance to the channel, but the prevailing conditions were such that a lighthouse of the conventional type at this point rendered it impossible for lighthouse-keepers to live in the tower. Nor could an automatic beacon

or whistling buoy meet the requirements, for the site is very exposed and subjected to the full fury of the Atlantic. To assist in their task of solving the problem, the authorities sought the assistance and experience of Messrs. D. and C. Stevenson, the well-known lighthouse engineers of Edinburgh, who have been associated with many of the most important lighthouses on the exposed parts of the Scottish coast. These consulting engineers as a result of their surveys proposed the novel structure which is illustrated herewith.

The lighthouse erected on the rock. comprises a tower, carrying a light, and a powerful siren for use in foggy weather. The siren is driven by compressed air, and the electrical power is transmitted from a station on the mainland. So far as marine requirements are concerned the siren for foggy weather was most particularly desired by captains so as to enable them to pick up the entrance to the narrow channel which leads to St. Peter Port, and under these circumstances the light is in reality a secondary consideration, though it has, since it was inaugurated, proved highly serviceable to navigation.

ameter would have to be erected, and under these circumstances an irregular octagonal structure to conform with the foundation surface available had to be built. The lowest portion is of Portland cement placed inside of wrought-iron molds. The tower is fixed to the rock by heavy iron bars driven into the granite to secure a firm foundation, and steel beams are built in at frequent points to consolidate the structure and to secure greater rigidity where tension is most likely to be imposed upon the fabric. The upper part of the tower is wrought in concrete.

At the height of 46 feet above low water the tower is entered by a door. Up to this level the structure is solid, and the entrance is gained by a ladder up the side of which the cable is carried.

THE UNATTENDED LIGHTHOUSE AT LOW WATER.

F

LYING spiders is the name given to a number of species of spiders that use their web as an aerovehicle to convey them to other feeding grounds. Their webs are seen during the warm autumn days floating in countless numbers through the air, and even then we see but a small per cent of the real number as those we see represent only the failures of attempts to get into the air, the webs having caught on some obstruction. It is estimated that on uncultivated grass land there are upwards of fifty million of these spiders to the square mile, and they represent ninetenths of all the spiders found in the temperate zone.

There are many varieties of spiders, but their numbers are few compared with the numbers of flying spiders.

I have studied the habits of these spiders for upwards of twenty years and the accompanying photo silhouettes rep

resent, as far as I have been able to determine, nearly all the spiders that migrate, and only three of these are especially good fliers; the other one, a "Lycosid" or "wolf" spider-the largest of the four-enjoys a trip occasionally but is not in it with the other three.

The family of "Thomisid" or "crab" is an ugly specimen looking as much like a louse or tick as a spider. It can travel backward, sidewise, or diagonally with equal facility, which is decidedly snail

like; but he is a good aviator and I have seen full-size spiders of this variety take flight with apparent ease. It is understood that, as a rule, only the smallest of spiders, seldom larger than a pin, are fliers, and to see these fat, ugly gourmands enjoy such a sport makes us think that we as beings of super intelligence, are unquestionably slow.

Tibellus oblongus, and Pardosa, are found in nearly

equal numbers from Maine to the Rockies. They are both very active and excellent fliers even to the youngest specimens. Full-grown ones, however, are seldom, if ever, found in flight.

When we know that, were it not for spiders, hardly a blade of grass or a tree leaf could survive the onslaught of the larval horde that would sweep over the earth, it should be the aim of agriculturists to handle their work in a manner to preserve these creatures. We believe that subsoiling and surface work could take the place of deep plowing with better results both in crops and in the destruction of pests. It is found that many crops like onions are grown more successfully without the annual plowing, and as we cannot domesticate spiders and raise them in hatcheries we should make some provision for allowing them to escape the plow. We know that a large part of the United States is now under the plow and that there are com

"AN UGLY SPECIMEN."

paratively few spiders found on cultivated soil; the plow, no doubt, has a great deal to do with this by covering the young so deeply that they cannot liberate themselves.

Remembering that these photos are greatly magnified, if the reader will consider that the Pardosa is smaller than the head of a pin, that he is bright, active, and wary, that his airship might land him on the ocean 300 miles from land, as he has been found, the interest in him will be specially keen.

T

O the west of Pekin there extends for some distance a mountain range rising to ever greater heights, and which in the Liao-ou-tai Chan reaches to approximately 10,000 feet.

In these mountains are found many ancient monuments and temples, as well as Imperial castles inhabited only in summer, and these heights afford a welcome refuge to European residents of Pekin, anxious to escape the heat and dust of the plains in order to enjoy some fresh air, at least in the evenings. The PekinHan-Kevu Railway, with a branch line to To-li at the foot of the mountains and on the banks of the Liou-li-Ho, leads in this direction. The Liou-li-Ho comes from the western part of these mountains traversing a valley full of the most variegated landscapes, cut deeply into the

high mountain range. This valley is worth coming far to see.

The horseman proceeding uphill will meet on his way thousands of camels, mules and donkeys carrying heavy loads of coal sacks from the coal mines to the railway station of To-li. The narrow path is taken up by an endless file of beasts of burden among which the camels stalking majestically behind one another produce an especially odd impression. Each camel driver guides six to ten camels, the front one being connected for simplicity's sake by ropes with the noses of those following behind so that the driver may confine his attention to the first camel. This in conjunction with the mud and dust, and the swarms of flies attracted by the enormous heat, makes the transport of coal a torture to those poor beasts.