LABOR LEGISLATION. ILLINOIS. Eight hours are a legal day's Anti-Boycotting and Anti-Black-work in all mechanical employments, except listing Laws.- The States having laws on farms, and when otherwise agreed; does not prohibiting boycotting in terms are Colorado, apply to service by the day, week, or month, Illinois, and Wisconsin. or prevent contracts for longer hours. The States having laws prohibiting blacklisting in terms are Alabama, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Utah, Virginia, and Wisconsin. The following States have laws which may be fairly construed as prohibiting boycotting: Alabama, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, New Hampshire, New York, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Vermont, and Wisconsin. The following States have laws which may be fairly construed as prohibiting blacklisting: Georgia, Michigan, New Hampshire, New York, Oklahoma, Oregon, Rhode Island, and South Dakota. In the following States it is unlawful for any employer to exact an agreement, either written or verbal, from an employee not to join or become a member of any labor organization, as a condition of employment: California, Colorado, Idaho, Indiana, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. Eight-Hour Laws. CALIFORNIA. Eight hours of labor constitute a day's work, unless it is otherwise expressly stipulated by the parties to a contract. A stipulation that eight hours of labor constitute a day's work must be made a part of all contracts to which the State or any municipal corporation therein is a party. But in the case of drivers, conductors, and gripmen of street cars for the carriage of passengers, a day's work consists of twelve hours. Employment of minor children for more than eight hours per day is absolutely prohibited, except in vinicultural or horticultural pursuits, or in domestic or household occupations. COLORADO. Eight hours constitute a day's work for all workingmen employed by the State, or any county, township, school district, municipality, or incorporated town. CONNECTICUT. Eight hours of labor constitute a lawful day's work unless otherwise agreed. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Eight hours constitute a day's work for all laborers or mechanics employed by or on behalf of the District of Columbia. IDAHO. Eight hours' actual work constitute a lawful day's work on all State and municipal works. INDIANA. Eight hours of labor constitute a legal day's work for all classes of mechanics, workingmen, and laborers, excepting those engaged in agricultural and domestic labor. Overwork by agreement and for extra compensation is permitted. The employment of persons under fourteen years of age for more than eight hours per day is absolutely prohibited. KANSAS. Eight hours constitute a day's work for all laborers, mechanics, or other persons employed by or on behalf of the State or any county, city, township, or other municipality. NEBRASKA. Eight hours constitute a legal day's work for all classes of mechanics, servants, and laborers, except those engaged in farm or domestic labor. MISSOURI. Eight hours constitute a legal day's work. The law does not prevent an agreement to work for a longer or a shorter time and does not apply to laborers and farm hands in the service of farmers or others engaged in agriculture. MONTANA. Eight hours constitute a legal day's work for persons engaged to operate or handle any first-motion or direct-acting hoisting engine, or any geared or indirect-acting hoisting engine at any mine employing fifteen or more men underground when the duties of fireman are performed by the person so engaged; also for any stationary engineer operating a stationary engine developing fifty or more horse power when such engineer has charge or control of a boiler or boilers in addition to his other duties. The law applies only to such steam plants as are in continuous operation or are operated twenty or more hours in each twenty-four hours, and does not apply to persons running any engine more than eight hours in each twenty-four for the purpose of relieving another employee in case of sickness or other unforeseen cause. NEW JERSEY. Eight hours constitute a day's labor on any day whereon any general or municipal election shall be held. NEW YORK. Eight hours constitute a day's work for mechanics, workingmen, and laborers, except in farm or domestic labor, but overwork for extra pay is permitted. The law applies to those employed by the State or municipality, or by persons contracting for State work. Oшo. Eight hours shall constitute a day's work in all engagements to labor in any inechanical, manufacturing, or mining business, unless otherwise expressly stipulated in the Rates of Pension Per Month. PENNSYLVANIA. Eight hours of labor shall be deemed and held to be a legal day's work in all cases of labor and service by the day where there is no agreement or contract to the contrary. This does not apply to farm or agricultural labor by the year, month, or week, to labor in factories, laundries, and renovating establishments, or to labor on street railways. DISABILITIES. Loss of both hands..... $25 00 hands.. Loss of both feet. Loss of sight of both eyes... Loss of sight of one eye, the sight of the other one foot Loss of one hand and hand and one foot.... Any disability equiva lent to the loss of a Eight hours out of the twenty-four shall make and constitute a day's labor in penitentiaries and reformatory institutions receiving support from the State, also for all mechanics, workmen, and laborers in the employ of the State, or of any municipal corporation therein, or otherwise engaged on public works; this shall be deemed to apply to mechanics, workingmen, or laborers in the employ of persons Any disability resulting contracting with the State or any municipal corporation therein, for the performance of public work. UTAH. Eight hours constitute a day's work upon all public works and in all underground mines or workings, smelters, and all other institutions for the reduction or refining of ores. WISCONSIN. In all engagements to labor in any manufacturing or mechanical business, where there is no express contract to the contrary, a day's work shall consist of eight hours; but the law does not apply to contracts for labor by the week, month, or year. In all manufactories, workshops, or other places used for mechanical or manufacturing purposes, the time of labor of children under the age of eighteen, and of women employed therein, shall not exceed eight hours in the day. WYOMING. Eight hours' actual work constitute a legal day's work in all mines and public works. UNITED STATES. Eight hours shall constitute a day's work for all laborers, workmen, and mechanics who may be employed by or on behalf of the United States. PENSION LAWS. Any person who has been, since the 4th of March, 1861, disabled in the military or naval service of the United States, or in its marine corps, shall, upon making due proof of the fact, be placed on the list of invalid pensioners of the United States. No claim for pension on the part of a State militiaman, or non-enlisted person, on account of disability from wounds received in battle, shall be valid unless prosecuted to a successful issue prior to July 4, 1874. Any disability incapac itating for the per- in a condition requir- $31 25 $72 00 $25 00 31 25 20 00 31 25 72 00 20 00 31 25) 31 25 72 00 25 00 Rate from June, 1880, in case the disability is permanent and requires the regular aid and attendance of another person. An applicant for increase of pension from $31.25 to $72 per month must furnish the testimony of his physician, or of two credible witnesses, to prove of another person. the extent to which he requires the aid and attendance The same provision of law which entitles to $31.25 per month entitles to $72 per month, provided that in the latter case the disability is permanent. The loss of a leg above the knee, or an arm at or above the elbow, entitles the person so disabled to a pension of $24 per month after June 4, 1874. The rates of $10, $12, $14, and $16 per month will be allowed in cases in which the disability bears the same proportion to that produced by the loss of a hand or foot that those rates bear to the rate of $18 per month. Under the pension law of 1890 the soldier who is wholly incapacitated from earning a living receives the sum of $12 a month, whether the disability was contracted in the service or not; for a lesser degree of disability, $10, $8, or $6. The first step to be taken by an applicant for a pension is to file a declaration before a court of record, or before some officer thereof having custody of its seal, setting forth the ground upon which he claims a pension. Blank forms of declaration are furnished upon request at Commissioner of Pensions office. The identity of the applicant must be shown by the testimony of two credible witnesses, who must appear with him before the officer by whom the declaration may be taken. Α In administration of the pension laws, no pensioner who may deem himself entitled to distinction is made between brothers and sisan increase of pension should file a declaration | ters of the half blood and those of the whole on a blank form furnished for the purpose, blood. Evidence in a claim for pension can setting forth the ground upon which he claims not be verified before an officer who is ensuch increase. A declaration for increase gaged in the prosecution of such claim. of pension may be taken before any officer duly authorized to administer oaths. All invalid pensions granted under the general law will terminate at re-enlistment, or when the disabilities for which they were allowed shall have ceased. A widow's pension will end at her re-marriage, and not be renewable should she again become a widow. Pensions allowed to dependent mothers and sisters end at re-marriage or when dependence ceases. Pensions allowed to dependent fathers end when the dependence ceases. The name of any pensioner shall be stricken from the roll upon his or her failure to claim a pension for three years after the same shall have become due. To entitle a widow or children to pension, the death of the soldier does not need to have been the result of injury received or disease contracted under such circumstances as would have entitled him to an invalid pension had he been disabled. A widow is entitled to a pension of $8 per month, no matter whether the death of the soldier was due to army service or not. In addition to this rate, she will be allowed $2 per month for each child of the officer or soldier under the age of sixteen years. In claims for increase of pension, a fee of $2 will be allowed. All letters of inquiry relative to claims pending in Pension Office should give the number of the claim. No sum of money due, or to become due, to any pensioner, shall be liable to attachment, levy or seizure, under any legal or equitable process. Agents for paying pensions shall receive two per centum on all disbursements made by them to pensioners. No agent, or attorney, or other person, shall demand or receive any other compensation for his services in prosecuting a claim for pension or bounty-land than such as the Commissioner of Pensions shall direct to be paid to him, not exceeding $10. Every officer, or enlisted or hired man, who who has lost a limb, or the use of a limb, in the military or naval service of the United States, is entitled to receive, once every three years, an artificial limb or apparatus, or commutation therefor. The period of three years is reckoned from the filing of first application after March 2, 1891. The commutation allowed in case of the amputation of a leg is $75; in all other cases, $50. Applications for artificial limbs should be transmitted through the proper pension agent to the surgeon-general of the army. JURISDICTION OF JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. In the application of widows and children for pensions, they are not required to prove that death of husband resulted from the injury or disease on account of which his pension was granted; but, if the husband had not estabJustices of the Peace generally have jurislished his claim for an invalid pension, the diction throughout the county or township widow shall prove origin and cause of the in which they are elected, and the limit of the fatal disease. Widows will be required to amount is as follows: prove their marriage to the person on account of whose service and death the claim is made; also proof of dates of birth of children by copy of church record. A mother claiming a pension must prove the cause and date of the death of her son; her relationship; that he left no widow or minor child or children surviving; and that, if living, she would be dependent upon him for support. A father claiming pension on account of the death of his son, upon whom he was dependent for support, must prove facts similar to those required of a mother. The claim on behalf of minor brothers and sisters should be made by a guardian duly appointed. Alabama. Arkansas Arizona. California. Dakota, South District of Columbia.. 100 Georgia Idaho.. Mississippi... $100 .$150 300 Missouri.. 250 300 Montana 300 300 Nebraska.. 200 300 Nevada... 300 100 New Hampshire. 134 200 New Jersey.. 200 United States Custom Regulations | personal effects. If some are old and some as to Baggage. The following articles are new, the new are to be included among those exempt from duty: Wearing apparel and treated as subject to duty. other personal effects (not merchandise), professional books, implements, instruments and tools of trade. himself or his family who accompanied him as passengers, and not for sale or purchased or imported for other persons, or to be given away; (3) suitable for the season of the year which was immediately approaching at the time of arrivai; (4) not exceeding in quantity, or quality, or value of what the passenger was in the habit of ordinarily providing for himself and his family at that time, and keeping on hand for his and their reasonable wants, in view of their means and habits in life, even though such articles had not been actually worn. The United States Supreme Court has decided that the free list includes (1) wearing apparel owned by the passenger, and in a To ascertain what articles ought to be ex-condition to be worn at once without further empted as the wearing apparel and other manufacture; (2) brought with him as a personal baggage, and the tools or imple- passenger, and intended for the use or wear of ments of a mechanical trade only, of persons who arrive in the United States, due entry thereof, as of other merchandise, but separate and distinct from that of any other merchandise imported from a foreign port, shall be made with the Collector of the district in which the articles are intended to be landed by the owner thereof or his agent, expressing the persons by whom or for whom such entry is made, and particularizing the several packages and their contents, with their marks and numbers; and the persons who shall make the entry shall take and subscribe an oath before the Collector, declaring that the entry subscribed by him, and to which the oath is annexed, contains, to the best of his knowledge and belief, a just and true account of the contents of the several packages mentioned in the entry, specifying the name of the vessel, of her master, and of the port from which she has arrived; and that such packages contain no merchandise whatever, other than wearing apparel, personal baggage, or, as the case may be, tools of trade, specifying it; that they are all the property of a person named who has arrived, or is shortly expected to arrive, in the United States, and are not, directly or indirectly, imported for any other, or intended for sale. Whenever any article subject to duty is found in the baggage of any person arriving in the United States which was not, at the time of making entry for such baggage, mentioned to the Collector before whom such entry was made, by the person making entry, such article shall be forfeited, and the person in whose baggage it is found shall be liable to a penalty of triple the value of such article. The law of The Law of Finding. finding, though not prescribed by statute, is well defined by precedent. It may be stated thus: The finder has a clear title against the whole world except the owner. The proprietor of a hotel or a shop has no right to demand the property or premises. Such proprietor may make regulations in regard to lost property which will bind their employees, but they cannot bind the public. The law of finding was declared by the King's bench, England, over 100 years ago, in a case in which the facts were these: A person found a wallet containing a sum of money on a shop floor. He handed the wallet and contents to the shopkeeper to be returned to the owner. After three years, during which the owner did not call for his property, the finder demanded the wallet and the money from the shopkeeper. The latter refused to deliver them up on the ground that they were found on the premises. The former then sued the shopkeeper, and it was held as above set forth, that against all the world but the owner, the title of the finder is perfect. And the finder has been held to stand in the place of the owner, so that he was permitted to prevail in an action against a person who found an article which the plaintiff had origi "Professional books, implements, and tools of trade, occupation, or employment," are understood to embrace such books or instruments as would naturally belong to a surgeon, physician, engineer, or scientific person re-nally found, but subsequently lost. The police turning to this country. Jewelry that has been worn or is in use as a personal ornament may be admitted free of duty. Duty must be demanded on all watches but one, brought into the United States by a single passenger. If all the watches are old, the passenger may choose the one to be treated as have no special rights in regard to articles lost, unless those rights are conferred by statute. Receivers of articles found are trustees for the owner or finder. They have no power in the absence of special statute to keep an article against the finder, any more than the finder has to retain an article against the owner. QUALIFICATIONS FOR VOTING IN EACH STATE OF THE UNION. In all the States except Colorado, Idaho, Utah, and Wyoming the right to vote at general elections is restricted to males of 21 years of age and upward. Women are entitled to vote at school elections in several States. They are entitled by law to full suffrage in the States of Colorado, Idaho, Utah, and Wyoming. STATES. Previous Residence Required. Requirements as to Citizenship. In In Pre- Persons Excluded from Alabama Citizen of United States or alien 1 year.. 3 mos... 30 days. 30 days. Convicted of treason or other who has declared intention. felonies, idiots, or insane. Arizona Ter... Citizen of United States (a)....... 1 year.. 90 days. 10 days. 10 days. Indians and Chinamen. Arkansas. Citizen of United States or alien 1 year.. 6 mos... 30 days. 30 days. Idiots, insane, convicted of felwho has declared intention. California*. Colorado* Citizen by nativity, naturalization 1 year.. [90 days. treaty of Queretaro. ony, until pardoned, failure to pay poll tax. 30 days. Chinese, idiots, insane, embezzlers of public moneys, convicted of infamous crime.t Citizen or alien, male or female, 6 mos... 90 days. 30 days. 10 days. Convicted of crime, bribery in Connecticut.. Citizen of United States who can 1 year.. Delaware*. Citizen of the United States who 1 year.. Citizen of the United States...... 1 year.. 90 days. 30 days. 30 days. Idiots, duelists, convicted of felony or any infamous crime. Convicted of felony, unless pardoned, idiots, and insane. Idiots, insane, convicted of felony or treason. Convicted of felony or bribery in elections, unless restored to citizenship, idiots, lunatics. Citizen or alien who has declared 6 mos... 60 days. 60 days. 30 days. United States soldiers, sailors, intention and resided one year in United States. Citizen of the United States...... 6 mos... 60 days. (e) (e) Citizen of United States or alien 6 mos... 30 days. 30 days. 30 days. Citizen of the United States...... 1 year.. 6 mos... '60 days. 60 days. Citizen of United States (f). ..... 2 years. 1 year.. Citizen of the United States.. 6 mos... 3 mos... 3 mos... 3 mos... 3 mos... Paupers and Indians not taxed. 1 year.. 6 mos... Mass'chusetts Citizen who can read and write (b). 1 year.. 6 mos... 6 mos... 6 mos... Michigan..... Citizen or alien who declared in-6 mos... 20 days. 20 days. 20 days. Convicted of felony, unless pardoned, lunatics, persons non compos mentis. Paupers and persons under guardianship. Indians with tribal relations, duelists, and accessories. 30 days. Convicted of treason or felony, unless pardoned, under guardianship, insane, Indians untaxed. Mississippi... Citizen of the United States who 2 years. 1 year.. 1 year.. 1 yr (c).. Insane, idiots, Indians not taxcan read or understand Constitution. ed, felons, persons who have not paid taxes. Missouri...... Citizen of United States or alien 1 year.. 60 days. 60 days, 60 days. Persons in poorhouses or asy Montana...... who has declared intention not less than 1 year or more than 5) ། lums at public expense, those in prison or who have been convicted of infamous crimes. doned, idiots, insane, United States soldiers, seamen, and marines, Indians. Citizen of the United States (b)... ... 1 year.... 30 days, 30 days, 30 days. Convicted of felony, unless par Nebraska..... Citizen of United States or alien 6 mos... 40 days. 10 days. 10 days. Convicted of felony, unless re who has declared intention 30 days before election. Nevada....... Citizen of the United States...... 6 inos... 30 days. 30 days. 30 days. N. Hampshire Citizen of the United States (b)... 6 mos... 6 mos... 6 mos... 6 mos... N. M. Territory Citizen of the United States...... 6 mos... 3 mos.... stored to civil rights, persons Idiots, insane, unpardoned con- Idiots, paupers, insane, con- 30 days. Convicted of felony, unless pardoned, United States soldier or camp follower, Indians (h). |