List of Ships of the United States Navy.- Continued.

Distances Between European Cities.

TRAVELING DISTANCES
BETWEEN THE

PRINCIPAL CITIES IN EUROPE

IN MILES.

LONDON

LIVERPOOL 202 PARIS 489 287 MADRID 908 1397 1195 LISBON 415 1323 1812 1610 ANTWERP 1530 1119 211 472 270 HAMBURG 412 1804 1495 587 859 657 BERLIN 178 497 1889 1582 674 948 746 BERNE 611 678 460 1602 1183 359 848 646 TURIN 297 837 839 719 1506 1073 500 989 787 VIENNA 720 535 427 605 727 2157 1668 849 1182 980 MUNICH 266 470 295 401 579 522 1897 1477 582 970 768 ROME 647 840 414 639 1048 1180 1033 1746 1223 907 1397 1195 TRIESTE 510 487 370 391 533 888 1066 1009 1828 1416 863 1352 1150 WARSAW 806 1276 702 436 1156 1021 398 576 895 2593 1925 1067 1557 1355 CONSTANTINOPLE 1205 1725 2138 1564 1298 2018 1883 1699 1903 2025 3345 2718 1899 2232 2030 ODESSA 363 842 1330 1800 1226 960 1680 1545 1240 1418 1737 3117 2625 1760 2119 1917 950 1339 811 1617 2087 1513 1247 1967 1832 1209 1387 1706 3414 2904 1843 2117 1915 ST. PETERSBURG 406 1356 1733 693 1769 2239 1395 399 2119 1714 1091 1269 1588 3286 2874 1699 1976 1774 STOCKHOLM | 430 836 1510 2408 1082 1171 1731 1084 1110 1337 1176 685 580 993 2384 1972 1219 1491 1289 COPENHAGEN | 416 846 1252 1510, 1510 668 1067 1318 671 697 1047 885 270 208 620 2012 1600 812 1181 979

Moscow

Greatest Altitude in Each State.

FROM THE RECORDS OF THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.

*Mt. St. Elias, supposed to be the highest point in Alaska, is now believed to be in Canadian territory. There are reports of mountains in Alaska far to the northwest higher than Mt. St. Elias, but not yet verified. + Western end of Beaver County, Oklahoma, reaches 5,000 feet elevation.

Grocer's Table.

200 pounds of beef or pork make

135 pounds of potatoes or apples make..

280 pounds of salt make..

400 pounds of molasses make.

200 pounds of sugar make.
240 pounds of lime make.
100 pounds of fish make.
100 pounds of nails make...
50 pounds of soap make..
20 pounds of raisins make..
2 pounds of cigars make.
20 pounds of soda make..
40 pounds of cheese make.
25 pounds of tobacco make..
62 pounds of tea make....
60 pounds of saleratus make..
25 pounds of chocolate make..
56 pounds of butter make.

5 pounds of spices make..
1100 pounds of rice make.
2150.42 cubic inches make
231 cubic inches make.....

1 dozen. 1 gross.

1 great gross.

1 score.

1 barrel.

1 barrel.

1 barrel.

1 barrel.
1 barrel.

1 barrel.

1 barrel.

1 quintal.
1 keg.
1 box.

1 box.

1 box.

1 box.

1 box.
1 box.

1 box.
1 box.
1 box.
1 firkin.
1 can.

1 tierce.
1 bushel.
1 gallon.

Noted National Nicknames.-Pupils in United States history and the general reader, who is at times puzzled to know who is meant, will take interest in the following list :-The Father of his Country Old Man Eloquent...

The Sage of Monticello.

Old Hickory.

Young Hickory

Great Pacifier.

Mad Anthony.

Old Rough and Ready

Expounder of the Constitution..
Unconditional Surrender Grant..
Poor Richard..

Political Meteor.

Little Mac..

Stonewall.

Honest Abe...

Rock of Chickamauga.

Old Put.....

Old Tecumseh

Light Horse Harry.

Uncle Robert..

Fighting Joe..

Bayard of the South.

The Little Magician.

Father of the Constitution.

The Superb....

The Rail Splitter.

Great American Commoner.

Old Ossawatomie.

Old Public Functionary

Carolina Game Cock..

Teacher President..

Father of Greenbacks.

Little Giant....

Colossus of American Independence..

Sage of Chappaqua..

Prince of American Letters.

Mill Boy of the Slashes..

Pathfinder of the Rockies.
Cincinnatus of the West
Great Indian Apostle..
Motoax.......

Washington
.J. Q. Adams
Jefferson

followed, and then the magistrates, priests, sen-
ators, and knights laid hold of the ropes and
moved the mighty stone to its proper position.
In a hollow cut in the stone were placed ingots
of gold, silver, and other metals which had not
been melted in any furnace. With the Jews
the corner stone was considered an emblem of
power, and they also performed ceremonies at
its laying. In medieval times the rite was
taken up by the Order of Free Masons, and
has by them been brought down to modern
days. The Masonic ceremony of laying a cor-
ner stone is symbolical. The form of the stone,
a square on the surface and a perfect cube; its
place, at the northeast corner of the structure;
the testing it with a square, level, and plumb,
and the pouring of libations of corn, wine, and
oil over it, all have their hidden meaning.
The custom of laying the corner stone with
ceremonies is usually observed at the com-
mencement of any public building, when coins
of the current year, newspapers, and important
documents are placed within the stone to serve
as valuable historical relics when the building
shall be destroyed.

Chillon, Castle of, is a celebrated castle
Jackson and fortress of Switzerland, in the canton of
Polk Vaud, six miles southeast of Vevay. It is sit-
. Clay
Wayne uated at the east end of the Lake of Geneva, on
Taylor
an isolated rock, almost entirely surrounded by
Webster
U. S. Grant deep water, and is connected with the shore by
Franklin a wooden bridge. The castle is said to have
McClellan been built by Amadeus IV., of Savoy, in 1238,
T. J. Jackson and it long served as a state prison. It is built
Thomas of white stone, but though large is not of very
imposing appearance, as its foundations only
rise a few feet above the water. The lake
here is 800 feet deep. Over one of the en-
Marion trances to the castle the Bernese inscribed, in
Van Buren 1643, in the German language, the words,
....Hancock "The Lord God save those who come in and
...Lincoln
Thad. Stevens go out." In the gloomy dungeons are still to
John Brown be seen the stone pillars, with strong iron rings
James Buchanan attached, to which the unhappy prisoners were
Garfield fettered. Chillon is famous as the prison of
Samuel P. Chase Bonnivard, the prior of St. Victor, who, hav-
.S. A. Douglas
..John Adams ing by his efforts to free the Genevese rendered
Greeley himself obnoxious to the Duke of Savoy, was
W. Irving

.Henry Lee
R. E. Lee

Hooker

.James Madison

Sumter

Washington

Clay carried off by emissaries of that potentate, and Fremont confined here for six years, at the end of which Eliot time the castle was forced to surrender to the King Phillip Bernese and Genevese, when Bonnivard secured his liberty. Since 1738 the castle has been employed as a magazine for military stores. Chillon has been immortalized by

Corner Stones.-The custom of laying the corner stone of a public building with ceremonies was practiced by the ancients. We are told that at the laying of the corner stone Byron's poem, "Prisoner of Chillon," referwhen the capitol of Rome was rebuilt a pro- | cession of vestal virgins, robed in white, surrounded the stone and consecrated it with libations of living water. A prayer to the gods

ring to the Bonnivard mentioned above.

Pilgrim Fathers and Mothers.-The names of the passengers who came over to America in the Mayflower on her first trip, in

the year 1620, were as follows:

Calk. To make tight the seams of a vessel.
Camel. An arrangement for assisting a ship over
shoals.

Carry Away. To break or lose a rope or spar.
Cat Block. The tackle block for hoisting the anchor.
Cat's Paw. A light puff of wind.

Clew. To bind up.

Clew Lines. Ropes for clewing.

Combings. The raised edges around the hatches.
Cock Pit. A room for wounded men in a war vessel.
Companion Way. The cabin stairway.

Compass. An instrument showing the vessel's course.
Coxswain. The steerer of a small boat.

Deadlight. An iron shutter covering a porthole.
Dead Reckoning. The keeping the course of a vessel
Deck. The covering or floor to a ship.

sel.
Fathom. Six feet.

Fender. A piece of wood or other material to prevent the contact of two vessels.

on which the seamen stand.

Footrope. A rope extending along and under a yard

Fore and Aft. From bow to stern.

Forecastle. That part forward of the foremast.

Foremast. The mast nearest the bow.

Forge. To move slowly ahead.

Founder. To sink.

Furl. To roll up.

Gaff. The upper spar holding up a fore and aft sail.
Galley. The kitchen.

John Alden; Mr. Isaac Allerton, Mary, his wife, Bartholomew, a son, and Remember and Mary, daughters; John Allerton; Mr. William Bradford, the second governor, and Dorothy, his wife; Mr. William Brewster, their ruling elder, Mary, his wife, and Love and Wrestling Brewster, his sons; John Billington, his wife, Ellen, and two sons, John and Francis; Peter Brown; Richard Britteridge; Mr. John Carver, who was chosen first governor, and Katha-with the use of log line and compass. rine, his wife; Francis Cooke; John Cooke; Draught. The depth of water required to float a vesHumility Cooper; James Chilton, his wife, and daughter Mary; John Crackston and his son, John; Richard Clarke; Robert Carter; Edward Dorey; Francis Eaton and his wife, Sarah; Samuel Eaton; Ely; Thomas English; Mr. Samuel Fuller, physician; Edward Fuller, his wife, and son, Samuel; Moses Fletcher; John Goodman; Richard Gardiner John Hooke; John Howland; Mr. Stephen Hopkins, his wife, Elizabeth, two sons, Giles and Damarius, and two daughters, Constantia and Oceanus; William Holbrook; Edward Leister; John Langmore; William Latham; Mr. Christopher Martin and wife; Mr. William Mullins, his wife, a son, Joseph, and a daughter, Priscilla ; Edmund Margeson; Richard More and brother; Ellen More; Jasper More; Degory Priest; Solomon Power; Thomas Rogers and son, Joseph; John Ridgedale and his wife, Alice; Capt. Myles Standish and Rose, his wife; Henry Sampson; George Soule; Elias Story; Edward Thompson; William Trevor; Edward Tilly, his wife, Anne, and daughter, Elizabeth; John Tilly and his wife; Thomas Tinker, his wife and son; John Turner and his two sons; Roger Wilder; Mr. Edward Winslow, sometime governor, and Elizabeth, his wife; Desire Winter; Mr. William White, his wife, Susanna, and a son, Resolved; Mr. Richard Warren; Thomas Williams; Gilbert Winslow.

Gangway. An entrance to a ship.

Grapnel. A small anchor.

Halyards. Ropes for hoisting sails.

Hatch, or Hatchway. An opening in the deck.

Heave To. To stop by bringing a ship's bow to the wind.
Hold. The interior of a vessel.

Hull. The body only of a vessel.

Jaw. The mast end of a boom or gaff.

Jib. A triangular sail at a ship's bow.

Jurymast. A temporary mast.

Jibe. To shift a sail from one side to the other.

Keel. The lowest timber in a ship.

Knot. A nautical mile.

Larboard. The left hand of a ship looking toward

the bow.

Launch. To let a ship slide into the water.
Lead. A mass of lead used in sounding.

Lee. Away from the wind.

Leeway. The lee motion or space of water.
Locker. A chest or box.

Log or Log Line. A rope used for measuring the speed of a vessel.

Log or Log Book. The ship's record or diary.
Luff. To bring a ship nearer to the wind.

Manrope. A rope `used in going up or down the ship's side.

supporting sails, rigging, etc.
Mast. An upright piece of timber set in a ship for

Masthead. The head or top of a mast.

Mess. A number of men eating together.
Midships. The middle, or widest part of a ship.
Mizzenmast; Mizzensail. The hindmost when there
are three.

Moor. To secure a ship in any position.
Nip. A short turn, as in a rope.

Painter. A rope used to secure a boat to anything.
Pay Out. To slacken or give out, as to pay out a rope.
Peak. The upper and outer corner of a boom sail.
Pintle. The bolt on which a rudder is hung.
Port. The same as larboard.

Port or Porthole. An opening in a ship's side to admit light and air.

Quarter. The stern portion of a ship's side.
Rake. The inclination of a mast.

Reef. A portion of the sail which is clewed up when the wind is too high to expose the whole.

Reef. To take up such a portion.

Reeve. To pass the end of a rope through a pulley, etc.
Rigging. A term applied generally to a vessel's ropes,

etc.

Road. An open space of water where ships may anchor.

Rowlock. Arrangement for giving purchase to an oar in rowing.

Rudder. The contrivance which steers a vessel.
Scud. To sail before a heavy wind or gale.

Sail. The sheet of canvas which is exposed to the wind and gives motion to the vessel.