THE UNVEILING OF THE POTTAWATTOMIE INDIAN MONUMENT NEAR PLYMOUTH, INDIANA, SEPTEMBER 4, 1909 Me-no-mi-nee, the Pottawattomie Indian chief, was the central figure in the disturbance that resulted in the recruiting of troops and the removal of the Indians by force from the Twin Lakes district, Indiana, in September, 1838. Through the efforts of the Honorable Daniel McDonald, representative from Marshall county in the legislature of 1907, a monument to the memory of the Pottawattomie Indians in Marshall county was made possible. This monument was unveiled with impressive services on September 4th by Miss Julia Qua-ka-no Po-ha-gon, grand-daughter of the late chief Po-hagon, the last of the Pottawattomie chiefs. Another feature of note concerning the exercises was the address by an Indian, Michael Williams upon the subject, "Civilization and the Indian Race." The honor of decorating the monument and speaker's stand and of arranging the flags used was given to the Wythongan Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution. The Menominee monument is the only one of its kind for which the state of Indiana has made an appropriation. It bears the following inscription: "In Memory of Chief Menominee and his Band of 859 Pottawattomie Indians Removed from this Reservation September 4, 1838, By a Company of Soldiers under Command of Gen. John Tipton Representative Daniel McDonald, Plymouth. Trustees: Col. A. F. Fleet, Culver; Col. William Hoynes, Notre Dame; Site Donated by John A. M'Farland, Twin Lakes." The Honorable Daniel McDonald made the chief address of the day. He said in part: "The Pottawattomie tribe of Indians came into possession of what has since come to be known as "Menominee's Reserve," through a treaty negotiated by Jonathan Jennings, John W. Davis and Marks Crume on the part of the United States, and the chiefs of the Pottawattomies. This treaty was made on the banks of the Tippecanoe river, near the Michigan road, near Rochester, October 26, 1822. Previous to this the Pottawattomies had owned by right of possession and treaty all the land in this part of the country. Menominee village was the principal village in this region. Settlement was began there by the Pottawattomies not many years after the passage of the Ordinance of 1787. At a treaty made and concluded at a camp near Yellow river in the state of Indiana between Abel C. Pepper, commissioner, on the part of the United States, and Pepinawah, Natawka and Mackatawmoah on behalf of the Pottawattomie Indians and their bands on the 5th day of August, 1836, the said Pottawattomie Indians ceded the twenty-two sections of land given to them by the treaty of October 26, 1832, for the sum of $14,080, and further agreed to leave the reservation within two years for a reservation provided for them west of the Mississippi river. Menominee, the principal chief to whom the twenty-two sections had been given and the other chiefs named, declined to sign the treaty, and the government record of treaties shows that he did not sign it. During the next two or three weeks several white men squatted on the reservation expecting to enter upon the land as soon as the Indians had gone. They urged on disturbance, and set fire to and destroyed several wigwams. When the Indians retaliated, the settlers, early in August of 1838, petitioned the governor of Indiana for protection in the way of an immediately armed force. Forced withdrawal of the Indians was the result. On the day prior to the exodus a meeting of the Indians was held at the little graveyard a short distance north of the village, at which a final farewell of the dead was taken by those who were to leave the following morning never to return. On September 4 orders were given by General Tipton to move. The wigwams, cabins, and tepees were torn down and destroyed, and Menominee village, the largest in the county. had the appearance of having been swept by a tornado, and Miss Julia Qua-ka-no Po-ka-gon, Granddaughter of the Late Chief Pokagon. Miss Po-ka-gon Unveiled the Menominee Monument at Twin Lakes Saturday. immediately thereafter nearly one thousand men, women and children, with broken hearts and tearful eyes, took up the line of march to their far-distant home beyond the Missouri river. The journey westward was a hard one. First went the flag of the United States borne by a dragoon; after which came the baggage; then the vehicle occupied by the native chiefs; next followed the main body of the emigrants, men, women and children, mounted on horses, marching in file after Indian fashion, while all along the flanks of the caravan might be seen dragoons and volunteers urging on unwilling stragglers, often with the most violent words and gestures. The sick were in their wagons under an awning of canvas, which, however, far from protecting them from the stifling dust, only deprived them of air. The interior was like an oven, and many consequently died. Mr. McDonald concluded his address by pointing out the great wrong that was perpetrated against these ignotant and helpless Indians, a wrong now acknowledged by the great state of Indiana in the erection of the Menominee monument. CAPTAIN SAMUEL BRADY By Eunice Strickland The material for this paper was gathered from several different sources, first from old historic records of early frontier life in the Western Reserve, Ohio, as recorded by one of Brady's friends in a letter found in a volume of records in the New York State Library at Albany, New York; second, from "Howe's Historical Collections of Ohio;" third, from the account as given to J. R. Williston, of Brady Lake, by old Mr. Haymaker, one of the early pioneers of this section. The region known as "The Western Reserve," Ohio, at the coming of the white man was one vast unbroken wilderness inhabited by Indians and wild animals. Where to-day are broad cultivated fields, hamlets, towns and thriving cities the wild. deer then browsed and the pheasant drummed his monotonous notes. Where to-day steam and electric cars speed through the country, the light canoe was once borne swiflty along by the steady dip of the paddle; where to-day are broad highways there were then only the narrow Indians trails stealthily followed by the red man and later by bold frontier traders. Closely associated with the early history of this particular section of country was a noted Indian fighter, Captain Brady, the Daniel Boone of Ohio, for whom a beautiful lake is named because of his miraculous escape from his Indian pursuers by hiding in its waters. Little is known of his early life but it is said that he was a relative of General Hugh Brady, an American general who served under Wayne and won distinction for his bravery. According to one record Brady was left an orphan at an early age, and that he went to live with relatives whether with General Brady or not is not certain. The family with whom he lived. had previously adopted a lad named Simon Girty who was the same age as the orphan lad. The two boys became close comrades and grew to young manhood sharing together many bold adventures and hairbreadth escapes incident to the rugged frontier life of those early days. A frightful Indian massacre occurred in the small settlement and nearly every family met death at the hands of the cruel Indians, however Brady and Girty made their escape. Each took a different course in flight but both settled in the great western wilderness. Brady, like Hannibal of old, "vowed eternal vengeance" upon the Indians, and soon after his escape he led a bold band of traders and adventurers, while strange to relate, Girty became chief of several Indian tribes and a dreaded enemy of the white settler. Thus the former close comrades of boyhood days became the heads of intensely hostile forces, and it is said that they met many times in battle without recognition. It has been a source of great wonder how Girty could have turned upon the white settlers, unless some drops of fierce Indian blood coursed through his veins. According to "Howe's Historical Collections of Ohio," about 1780, a band of Indians near the Cuyahoga made an attack upon Catfish Camp south of the Ohio river in the southern part of what is now known as Washington county. To avenge the murder of a number of families Captain |