was still more marked and rigid, the chest expansion more diminished, and six vertebrae, instead of five, showed distortion and blending. The X-ray showed from the fourth to the ninth dorsal inclusive, involved in the deformity. The right ribs close together. Between the fifth and sixth left ribs there is a hiatus or gap.

Case 5. C. H., aged 7, referred by Dr. Villaume, Jan. 28, 1910. This case was not truly a lateral curvature but the underlying trouble was the same as in cases three and four, and there would have been a lateral bend if instead of a head there were above a movable column of vertebrae. While yet a baby the mother noticed the peculiar condition of the neck and the limited head motions. Osteopathy had been tried and various braces. On examination the head appeared to be attached to the trunk with no neck. It assumed a slight wry neck posi tion with chin to the right. All head motions very limited. Upper dorsal region showed increased kyphosis. A large bony mass was made out in the right side of the neck as if the remains of the bodies had rotated. Shoulders forward and pectoral muscles short. Unable to reach the back of the neck with the hands. By removing the brace and using the Sayre's suspension and gentle force for the neck, plus forcible stretchings for the shoulders, improvement in motion was obtained. In taking the X-ray the plate was placed at the edge of the occiput, so that there was no more of the spinal column than shows in the print. The upper four dorsal vertebrae were broadened, showed no distinct intervertebral substance and blended with the remnants of the cervical vertebrae. The light area in the centre may have indicated a spina bifida anterior.

SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS

THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE

Section of Pediatrics

Stated Meeting Held December 10th, 1914

DR. WILLIAM P. NORTHRUP, IN THE CHAIR

Presentation of Cases Showing the Effect of Blood Transfusion in Purpura Hemorrhagica, Henoch's Purpura, Chronic Sepsis, Etc.-Dr. Edward Peterson presented these cases. stated that all types of pathological hemorrhage yielded the best rusults when treated by blood transfusion, or by subcutaneous injections of human serum. Of the two methods the former had proven the more efficacious. Following transfusion there was an increase in blood pressure, in the number of cells and in the percentage of hemoglobin, and the coagulation time was shortened. Besides being hemostatic, whole blood, administered by transfusion, stimulated the hemopoietic functions and there was an increasing clinical evidence that it was also antitoxic and bactericidal. The effects of blood therapy were well illustrated by the following cases.

Case 1. This patient, 41⁄2 years of age, was admitted to the Post Graduate Hospital on April 16, 1914, with purpura hemorrhagica. The child was normal at birth and had been well since, with the exception that he had had measles at the age of one year. A few days before admission to the hospital he began to bleed from both ears and from the nose, but not from the gums, mouth or throat. A petechial rash appeared on the feet, legs, hands and arms. Later large ecchymoses appeared on the eyelids and under the eyes, and then on the thighs and legs. There were small ecchymotic spots on the body also. The blood count showed red blood cells 4,300,000, memoglobin 68 per cent, leucocytes 16,000, polymorphonuclears 74 per cent, lymphocytes 23 per cent, transitionals two per cent, and eosinophiles one per cent. A discharge from the ear showed the B. pyocyaneus. The feces showed some blood microscopically. The child was restless, irritable and cried constantly though the temperature and pulse were only slightly elevated. A