resigned in order to conduct biological investigations under a special trust fund established by Mrs. E. H. Harriman.

12:24. Chapman. Frank Michler Chapman (1864–). An American ornithologist. He has written many books about birds of a popular scientific character.

12:24. Hornaday. William Temple Hornaday (1854-). An American zoōlogist who has been since 1896 director of the New York Zoological Park. He has been active in promoting game preserves and new laws for the protection of wild life generally. He has spent much time in travelling in the United States and other countries on scientific expeditions and has written delightfully about his experiences.

15: 12. Dark Ages. A designation sometimes given to the Middle Ages (approximately 476–1453), or, more especially to the earlier part of this period. It was the time of feudalism and civilization was generally ruder and more barbaric than during the preceding Classical Age. In the political theories of the time the individual was held to be higher than the state.

THE VIGOR OF LIFE

166. Valley Forge. The Pennsylvania village where Washington and the American Army passed the winter of 1777-78 amid great privations.

167. Morgan's riflemen. The Revolutionary riflemen under General Daniel Morgan (1736-1802) fought bravely at the battle of Saratoga in 1777.

16 16. Moosehead Lake. A large lake, about thirtyfive miles long, in Northern Maine.

17:11. Heenan. In 1860, there was an international

boxing bout between Tom Sayers, the English champion, and John Heenan. The contest was declared a draw, when, after two hours of fighting, the spectators rushed into the ring and ended the fight.

18:27. Aroostook. A river in northern Maine.

18:29. Matterhorn. A peak of the Alps, noted for its steepness. It is 14,703 feet high.

18:30. Jungfrau. One of the chief peaks in the Alps, having a height of 13,670 feet.

19:2. Sagamore Hill. Roosevelt's home on Long Island. See page 67 for an account of the origin of the

name.

19:4. South African War. From 1899-1902, there was a conflict for supremacy in South Africa between Great Britain and the Boer republics of the Transvaal and the Orange Free State. The outcome was a victory for the British.

19:7. Stewart Edward White (1873-), the author of several books on Western life, is himself an experienced hunter and woodsman.

20: 1. "buck fever." Nervous excitement on the part of a hunter, especially an inexperienced one, when he finds a deer or other game approaching.

22:11. Governor. Roosevelt was Governor of New York State from 1899 to 1900.

In the fall of 1898, politics in New York State were in an upheaval. Governor Black's administration was unpopular, and unless a candidate could be found so popular on his own account as to pull the Republicans through, the chances were that the Democrats would repeat their success of the past year. Because of the widespread popularity that had come to Roosevelt in connection with his

Rough Rider regiment and its part in the SpanishAmerican War, he seemed the most suitable man, and the Republican State Convention nominated him. After an exciting campaign between Augustus Van Wyck, the Democratic candidate, Theodore Bacon, the independent candidate, and Roosevelt, the latter was elected.

Of Roosevelt's administration, it has been said that his two years at Albany saw more constructive and reconstructive legislation placed on the statute books than the entire decade which had preceded it. The Civil Service Law was amended and enforced strictly-" putting the starch into it," Roosevelt called it. He personally investigated the tenement-house problem of New York City, and then secured the passage of a radical act that went far toward its solution. Among the laws enacted affecting the laboring classes were an eight-hour law, a law providing for the licensing of employment agencies, and stringent factory laws, which, by the establishment of a licensing system, practically wiped out the worst abuses of the sweat-shops."

No piece of legislation was more earnestly pressed by Governor Roosevelt than the Corporation Franchise Tax law. It was his first step in the development of a policy which he afterwards advocated in a wider field-namely, the requirement that wealthy corporations should be required to pay their just proportion of the expenses of running the Government.

As the time drew near for the Republican National Convention in 1900, it was evident that there was a strong movement on foot to nominate Roosevelt for VicePresident on the same ticket with President McKinley. Those who were engaged in promoting his candidacy were

not, however, all actuated by the same motives. Espe cially was this true of the advocates of his nomination in his own State. During his administration he had been a thorn in the flesh to Senator Platt, the Republican leader of New York State, and the machine politicians. It was their desire to eliminate him from State politics, and shelve him in the office of Vice-President for the time being at least. Roosevelt perceived this intention and was very reluctant to accept the nomination. But party pressure brought him in the end to consent to the plan. In the fall he and McKinley were easily elected.

235. Single stick. The art of attack and defence with single sticks, i. e., a staff fitted with a guard like that of a saber.

235. Wood. Leonard Wood (1860-). See Roosevelt's account of his early career, page 60. In recent years he has risen to the highest rank in the American Army.

23 13. jiu-jitzu. A form of wrestling practiced by the Japanese.

23:27. Hayes. An American athlete who won the Marathon race in the international Olympic games of 1908, held at London.

24:4. "The Strenuous Life." An extract from this address may be found in this volume, page 166. The entire address may be found in Roosevelt's book entitled The Strenuous Life.

248. Manchurian. The military operations of the Russo-Japanese War (1904-05) were chiefly on Manchurian soil.

252. "Ode on a Grecian Urn." A notable poem by John Keats (1795-1821).

25: 2. The Gettysburg Speech. Lincoln's speech delivered at the dedication of the Gettysburg National Cemetery, November 19, 1863.

253. Frederick. Frederick the Great (1620-1688) King of Prussia, won at Leuthen, December 5, 1757, a notable victory over an Austrian army under Prince Charles of Lorraine.

25:3. Nelson. Admiral Nelson (1758-1805), in command of the British fleet, won the famous victory over the French in the battle off Cape Trafalgar, October 19, 1805.

26 14. Marryat's books. Frederick Marryat (17921848) was an English novelist who wrote many stories of sea life. He was himself an officer in the English navy for many years. Peter Simple and Mr. Midshipman Easy are among his best known stories.

ENTERING POLITICS

Roosevelt began his political career under the following circumstances: In the fall of 1881, he was nominated by the Republicans of the old Twenty-first District of New York City as their candidate for the state assembly. The nomination came to him unexpectedly and unsought. There had been a revolt against the district leader, "Jake" Hess, in which young Roosevelt had taken an active part. Hess's candidate was turned down and the opposition settled upon Roosevelt, less than a year and a half out of college, and with no political record to hamper him. Roosevelt had already identified himself with the reform element in the city, and belonged to a club devoted to the furthering the principles of free trade, which he had accepted in college, but as