Bandaging; tourniquets; four operations on cadaver; clinical cases (a written report being made in one case, giving history, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, one prescription, at least, being written out in full in Latin); urinalysis (chemical and microscopical examination of one specimen of urine); practical microscopy, and recognition of five mounted specimens (histological, pathological, and bacteriological); recognition of surgical in

struments.

Oral Examination.-This follows the written work in each branch and the required percentage is made up from the combined results of the written and oral examinations.

The percentages given are not absolute, however, as losses in some branches may be made good in others, provided the standard is reached in the cardinal subjects of anatomy, physiology, medicine, and surgery.

Collateral Examination.-This embraces spelling, punctuation, the use of capital letters, grammar, arithmetic, geography (descriptive and physical), languages, history, general literature, elementary botany, geology, and zoology. While due credit is given for a knowledge of languages and the sciences it is not essential except in the case of physics. A knowledge of the common school branches is essential, and deficiency in this respect will cause rejection, even though passing marks may be gained in professional subjects.

These examinations, while necessarily thorough and comprehensive, are simple and practical, and are not beyond the attainments of any well-educated physician. The oral and written questions are similar to those asked by the best medical colleges in examination for graduation.

The future prospects of the medical officer of the Navy, both for promotion and professional opportunity, are very bright, and the plan of enlargement of the Naval establishment already adopted and authorized, as well as that in contemplation, gives assurance that this outlook will grow even more promising.

The Medical Corps of the Navy consists to-day of the following numbers and grades: One surgeon-general with the rank of admiral (equivalent to brigadier-general in the army); 15 medical directors with the rank of captain (equivalent to colonel in the army); 15 medical inspectors with the rank of commander (equivalent to lieutenant-colonel in the army); 85 surgeons with the rank of lieutenant-commander (equivalent to major in the army); 23 passed assistant surgeons with the rank of lieutenant

(equivalent to captain in the army) 56 assistant surgeons with the rank of lieutenant, junior grade (equivalent to first lieutenant in the army), with 152 vacancies. There are 27 vacancies in the grade of assistant surgeon for the year 1903.

Assistant surgeons, after three years' service as such, will be eligible for promotion to the next higher grade-that of passed assistant surgeon-and from a study of the above table it may be observed that the small number of passed assistant surgeons insures promotion to the middle grade-that of surgeon-after a short period of service. To illustrate, the junior officer of the grade of surgeon to-day has reached this grade after less than five years' service and is in receipt of a salary of $3,000 per annum. While this is somewhat exceptional, the prospects of promotion. to this grade for the assistant surgeons now entering the service are very nearly as good.

The following is the pay table of the Medical Corps of the Navy:

Assistant Surgeons, rank of Lieutenant (junior grade)....

Allowance per

At Sea. On Shore. Annum.*

.$1,650.00 $1,402.50 $288.00

Passed Assistant Surgeon, rank of
Lieutenant

1,980.00 1,683.00 432.00 2,160.00 1,836.00 432.00

After five years in the service... After ten years in the service..... 2,340.00 1,989.00 432.00 Surgeons, rank of Lieutenant-Commander

After ten years in the service..... 3.250.00 2,762.50 576.00 After fifteen years in the service.. 3,500.00 2,975.00 576.00 Medical Inspectors, rank of Commander

After fifteen years in the service.. 4,000.00

Medical Directors, rank of Captain

3,400.00 576.00

After fifteen years in the service.. 4.500.00 3.825.00 720.00 Surgeon-General, rank of Rear Ad

miral

5.500.00 5.500.00 720.00

The professional opportunities afforded the officers of the Medical Corps are very good at present, and are constantly improving. The first assignment to duty of a newly appointed assistant surgeon is usually to some one of the fourteen naval hospitals, where *Only when quarters are not furnished by the Government. Eight cents a mile is the allowance when traveling under orders.

he remains until the opening of the course at the Naval Medical School in Washington, early in October. At the naval hospitals the service is most instructive and valuable, the larger of these institutions having a capacity of from 15 to 200 beds, and at most times carrying a full quota of patients. The Medical School is essentially a post-graduate school, designed to fit the young officer for the intelligent application of his professional knowledge to the requirements of the naval service, and to give him a training in certain specialties peculiarly important to naval work and in which he has not had the opportunity or time to perfect himself in his college course. The course of instruction comprises the following subjects: Military medicine, military surgery, tropical medicine, naval hygiene-its chemistry and biology-quarantine, the duties of medical officers, hospital corps drill and administration, ophthalmology, naval law, manual of the sword and extracts from tactics, instructions in signals. Bacteriology, blood examination and the study of animal parasites form very important branches of this course, and are given in one of the most modern and fully equipped laboratories in this country. Five months is devoted to this school work, and after its completion the assistant surgeon is assigned to sea duty. Here, again, his work follows the line of advanced medical and surgical procedure. He is provided with the latest and best instruments of precision and operation, and is given every encouragement to perfect himself in the practice of his profession. The most recently constructed battleships and large cruisers are equipped with hospital facilities equal to those found in most of our best organized small cities. Vessels of this type carry a crew of from 600 to 700 men, and for the care of the sick of these small villages afloat there is furnished for the medical officer a small hospital of from 20 to 30 beds, an isolation compartment, a dispensary, and an aseptic operating room. These are equipped with every modern appliance for the prevention of disease, the care of the sick and wounded, for operative procedure, and for the prosecution of scientific investigations as far as practicable aboard ship. Other duties to which naval medical officers are assigned are those pertaining to the needs of navy yards, naval stations, receiving ships, and recruiting work. Opportunity frequently occurs also for attendance of medical officers upon the meetings of medical and other scientific societies both at home and abroad as the accredited representatives of the Navy Department and the Government.

BOOK REVIEWS.

MANUAL OF BACTERIOLOGY. By ROBERT MUIR, M.A., M.D., F.R.C.P. Ed., Professor of Pathology, University of Glasgow ; and JAMES RITCHIE, M.A., M.D., B. Sc., Reader in Pathology, University of Oxford. American Edition (with additions), revised and edited from the third English edition, by NORMAN MACLEOD HARRIS, M.B. (Tor.), Associate in Bacteriology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore. Pp. 585, with one hundred and seventy Illustrations. New York: The Macmillan Company. London: Macmillan & Co.

This is a thoroughly up-to-date manual of practical knowledge of the subject of which it treats. The advances in bacteriology during the three years since the issue of the second edition of this work have been both numerous and important, involving the necessity of adding several new chapters to this edition, without, however, adding much to the size of the volume, as space has been gained by the condensation of various subjects now requiring less elaborate treatment. Additions have been made to most of the chapters and several new subjects added, among which those particularly worthy of mention are the advances made in the bacteriology of the air, soil and water, to which a new chapter is devoted. The chapter on Immunity has been partially rewritten and extended so as to include the results of the most recent researches on the subject. There are also several new illustrations-all excellent-admirably elucidating the text. Altogether, the work is replete with knowledge of the subject, but devoid of redundancy, and is alike commendable as a text-book and laboratory manual.

HYGIENE AND PUBLIC HEALTH. BY LOUIS PARKES, M.D., D.P.H. Lond. Univ., Fellow of the Sanitary Institute, and Member of the Board of Examiners; Lecturer on Public Health at the St. George Hospital Medical School; Medical Officer of Health and Public Analyst for the Borough of Chelsea, etc.; and HENRY KENWOOD, M.B., D.P.H., F.C.S., Fellow of the Sanitary Institute and Member of the Board of Examiners; Assistant Professor of Public Health at University College, London; Medical Officer of Health and Public Analyst for the Borough of Stoke Newington. 12mo. Pp. 675. Illustrated. Price, $3.00. Philadelphia: P.

Blakiston's Son & Co.

What we had to say of the excellence of this book on receipt of the first edition, less than two years ago (Vol. 46, p. 564), is fully justified by the second edition-rendered necessary "within a year of the appearance of the first," from which it differs chiefly by the elaboration of the chapters on "The Contagia and Communicable Diseases," but besides this, advantage has been taken of the interval to fully bring up other subjects to date. For busy medical practitioners who would have a quick means of getting at the gist of sanitary subjects and questions at hand; for medical students as a text-book; for sanitary inspectors whose minds are not well stored with practical knowledge and would make good use of the pocket for a reminder; or for lay readers and housekeepers who would know how to take good care of themselves, as well as their brothers, it is alike commendable; for it concisely comprehends knowledge of the conditions essential to the protection and maintenance of health under all circumstances.

THE INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL ANNUAL: A YEAR BOOK OF TREATMENT AND PRACTITIONERS' INDEX. CONTRIBUTORS:

Robert Abbe, M.D.; Bertram L. Abrahams, B.Sc., M.B., M.R.C.P.; Herbert W. Allingham, F. R. C. S.; James Cantlie, M.A., M.B., F.R.C.S.; Prof. A. H. Carter, M.D., F.R.C.P.; Prof. H. Dwight Chapin, M.A., M.D.; A. Hurry Fenwick, F.R.S.C.; A. E. Giles, B.Sc., M.D., F.R.C.S.; Edward W. Goodall, M.D.; Prof. G. M. Hammond, A.M., M.D.; Prof. H. Amory Hare, M.D., B.Sc.; Edwin H. Holthouse, M.B., F.R.C.S.; Robe Hutchison, M.D., M.R.C.P.; Robert Jones, F.R.C.S.; Theo. N. Kelynock, M.D., M.R.C.P.; Priestley Leech, M.D., F.R.C.S.; Prof. Henry P. Loomis, M.D.; James Kerr Love, M.D.; John Macintyre, M.B., C.M.; Wm. Milligan, M.D.; Keith Monsarrat, F.R.C.S.; Wm. Murrell, M.D., F.R.C.P.; Joseph Priestley, B.A., M.D., D.P.H.; Boardman Reed, M.D.; A. D. Rockwell, A.M., M.D.; F. M. Sandwith, M.D., F.R.C.P.; Prof. Robt. Saundry, M.D., F.R.C.P., LL.D.; W. Scott Schley, A.B., M.D.; James Shaw, M.D.; Walter G. Spencer, M.S., F.R.C.S.; A. H. Tubby, M.S., M.D.; Joseph G. Turner, F.R.C.S., L.D.S.; J. W. Thomson Walker, F.R.C.S.; Norman Walker, M.D. 1903. Twenty-first year. Pp. 750. Illustrated. Price, $3.00. New York: E. B. Treat & Co.

This volume eminently sustains the reputation which the preceding twenty volumes of the series have obtained, insomuch that the names of the contributors, as above, is a guaranty of its excellence. Indeed, the Annual is so well known that notice need only