ber; such approval being evidenced by the certificate of the president and secretary of that union; which said certificate shall accompany the appeal papers at the time they are forwarded to the secretary-treasurer of the board of governors.

Section 2. When the papers are complete in each case the secretary-treasurer of said board of governors shall forward one copy of the papers to each member of said board of governors. There. upon each member shall consider the case thus presented to him and within thirty days after the receipt of the documents each of said members shall file an opinion in the case with the secretarytreasurer of the said board of governors, and within thirty days after the opinions of the members have been received by the said secretary. treasurer and submitted to the several members of said board for final action, the members of said board must register their votes on the appeal. ARTICLE VI.

USE OF THE UNION LABEL.

Section 1. The International Allied Printing Trades Association, by its board of governors, shall procure, own and control the allied printing trades label.

Section 2. It shall by action of its board of governors and in accordance with and subject to the provisions of these laws, loan the same to local allied printing trades councils as agents of said International Allied Printing Trades Association upon receipt of a sum of money from the local council, not exceeding ten (10) per cent above the cost of production and distribution of said label.

Section 3. No allied printing trades council shall issue any label not procured from said International Allied Printing Trades Association, nor duplicate nor allow the duplication of said labels except in the case of stereotyped or electrotyped forms, in which case the label appearing in the plate or plates shall be destroyed immediately on completion of the work on which it is used. Section 4. No other body than the local allied printing trades council shall be allowed to grant the use of the allied printing trades label in any jurisdiction. Provided, however, that the board of governors of said International Allied Printing Trades Association may order the issuance or withdrawal of the label or issue said label direct where in its judgment said action is necessary.

Section 5. All labels must be procured by local councils from the secretary-treasurer of the International Allied Printing Trades Association. Any infraction of this rule shall be deemed sufficient cause for the dissolution of the local council so offending.

Section 6. All labels shall be issued or withdrawn by unanimous consent of local councils. Should any cause or grievance arise because of the issuance or withdrawal of the label by any local council, the matter must be presented to said board of governors, and it shall be the duty of said board to consider or reconsider and determine the matter, giving to the parties in interest such opportunity to be heard as the president of the said board of governors may deem needful.

ARTICLE VII.

FINANCES.

Section 1. The necessary funds for the establishment, maintenance and carrying on of this association and its work shall be under the control of the board of governors, and the same shall be furnished by the several groups in the proportions following:

One-half by the members of this association who are also members of the International Typographical Union; one-eighth by the members of this association who are also members of the International Printing Pressmen and Assistants' Union; one-eighth by the members of this association who are also members of the International Stereotypers' and Electrotypers' Union; one-eighth by the members of this association who are also members of the International Brotherhood of Bookbinders; and one-eighth by the members of this association who are also members of the International PhotoEngravers' Union.

When the board of governors shall determine that any funds are necessary, the secretary-treasurer of this association shall notify the proper officer of each union mentioned in Article II of the proportionate amount due from the members of such union who are also members of this association, and such notice shall be notice to each member of this association who is also a member of such union. Section 2. All funds of the association shall be deposited in bank subject to withdrawal according to regulations adopted by the board.

Section 3. The members of the board of governors shall not be paid out of the funds of this association for their services or for their expenses incurred while acting as such members of the board of governors.

Section 4. Should any group withdraw from this association then such group shall forfeit all rights and interest in and to any and all labels registered by this association and in and to all property and effects of this association.

ARTICLE VIII.

AMENDMENTS.

Section 1. Amendments to these laws may be made from time to time, as follows: The proposed amendment shall be submitted to the secretary or the secretary-treasurer of each of the international unions mentioned in Article II hereof, to be submitted by him to a general convention of the union or to the members of the union through their local unions. If the convention or a majority of the members of he international union acting thereon shall assent to the proposed amendment, such assent shall be binding upon all the members belonging to that union and shall operate as the assent of all belonging to that union to the proposed amendment. If the members belonging to all said international unions shall thus signify their assent to the proposed amendment it shall be considered as adopted and shall thenceforth operate as a law of this association.

This graduate was a good compositor before taking the course. If it can help him, there should be no doubt about the benefit it would be to a person-man or boy-who has had no experience in display or decorative typography. Don't you agree with the other student, who said: "Every wideawake printer should be enrolled on the books of the I. T. U. Commission?"

If that be true of the wideawakes-the experienced and the informed-how much more important that those who haven't had the opportunity to learn display work should grasp this opportunity. One of these unfortunates-but unfortunate no longer says: "Your course is certainly doing wonders for me from a man who heretofore got reprints and unimportant jobs, I have risen to one who gets the pick of the jobs in the shop."

PUBLIC LIBRARY EXHIBIT.

Up to date the exhibit of work of students designed for display in public libraries and educational institutions has appeared in Boston, St. Louis, Detroit, Clinton (Iowa), Terre Haute, Utica, Syracuse, at the University of Illinois, Urbana, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, and the University of Missouri, Columbia. From January

27 to February 10 it will be at Toronto, after which it will appear at these places:

Public Library, Binghamton, N. Y., February 16 to March 2.

Public Library, Washington, D. C., March 8-22. Public Library, Fitchburg, Mass., March 28 to April 11.

Public Library, Providence, R. I., April 17 to May 1.

New York State Library, Albany, N. Y., May 6-20.

CHAPEL BUYS COURSE FOR APPRENTICE.

T. A. Sommers, Charles P. Copeland and John P. Dolan were appointed a committee by the Boston American chapel to investigate the advisability of having apprentices take the I. T. U. Course. The committee found the boys appreciative and ready to promise they would do the best they could with the course.

Acting under committee's suggestion, the chapel appropriated $23 to be advanced for the purchase of a course for the oldest apprentice. It is also arranged that the chapel will advance the money for other apprentices in the last eighteen months of their apprenticeship.

AS SEEN BY A STUDENT.

Among the problems in the lessons on tone harmony is this: "Set up or letter as nearly like any

selected foundry letter as possible, a booklet page, size of paper to be 4x6 inches, from copy of your own choosing. Use an initial letter and see that it is in harmony with the type matter." A 35-yearold student solved the problem by expressing the following opinion of the course:

HE Boy who starts out to learn the printing business with the idea that he will soon acquire a good working knowledge of the same will surely run up against a snag of very large proportions. In the beginning, the average boy who enters a printing office to learn the trade is not equipped with the proper amount of education, which constitutes the very foundation of the business. Who would think of building a house without a foundation under it, and a good one at that? And equipped with this, he has to work hard, pay strict attention to every detail of the work that comes his way in a thorough, conscientious manner, to become a competent journeyman, with the prospects of getting higher up very slim. The boy of to-day has unlimited opportunities for educating himself along pure technical lines which will, if he but grasp the opportunity, reduce the time required to become a thorough competent and efficient workman fully fifty per cent., with his chances of rising above the average one hundred per cent. greater. Start with a good foundation-The I. T. U. Course of Instruction in Printing-and get to the top of the ladder of success with colors flying.

ADVERTISING THE COURSE.

During the last few months nearly 200 daily newspapers and weekly papers printed notices about the course and the work of the International Typographical Union. Suitable items were prepared by the commission and sent to the press by President Lynch through local officials, who constitute something like an unorganized publicity brigade. The need for and value of this advertising is invariably underestimated by the average member.

Today there is a disposition on the part of many newspapers and newspaper writers to put unions in a bad light, so those union features which meet with general approval should be exploited. printer is assaulted, let us say; if he happens to be a non-union man, the "story" is so written as to convey the impression that in some way the union

A

is responsible for the slugging. Behind that may be a malicious desire to injure unionism or the moving motive may be merely a reporter's passion for a "red-hot story." Whatever the cause, unionism is injured, for the mass of readers do not stop to analyze and note the labored effort to connect labor with the outrage. Swallowing the headlines, the average reader forms a decidedly bad opinion of trade unionism, for unionists may spend millions a year in relieving distress and assuaging sorrow, but the voluntary press notices of their achievements will be scant.

No opportunity should be lost to offset the effect

of conditions and prejudices that are detrimental Logically, the unions-and especially the

to us.

printing trade unions-should advertise their virtues in the usual commercial way. That takes money, and as the members are not sufficiently informed in business methods to approve of appropriations for such a purpose, officials are required to get publicity as best they can.

eral features which can be utilized in this direction, and they are being exploited as well as may be in the circumstances.

The International Typographical Union has sev

Can we trace direct results to this desultory adcharacter is essentially educational-a sort of seed vertising? Perhaps not, for advertising of this sowing, as it were. The harvest may not be apparent next day or next week or next month, but a the natural order of things there must be a harvest. As an illustration, take this item which appeared ber 21 last:

in the Council Bluffs (Iowa) Nonpareil on Decem

The typographical union is interested in a trade educational project. A booklet just from the press tells us that nearly 1,800 students are enrolled and that the lessons which are given by correspondence-are sold below cost price.

The union fur

nishes what in higher educational circles would be called an endowment by paying all advertising and finishes the course from $5 up. promotional expenses and giving each person who It is estimated that from $8,000 to $10,000 a year is expended in this way by all the typographical unions.

The booklet referred to contains testimonials from students of the course and from the youth of 17 to the veteran of 64 they say the instruction given is of high value and well worth the time and money required. This is but one of the many projects sustained by the printers' union. It has spent $1,000,000 maintaining a home and tuberculosis sanatorium which is conceded to be in the front rank of world institutions for fighting the white plague. It has also a pension system for aged and infirm members which costs about $200,000 a year. The minimum pension is $4 a week; but in the larger cities this is supplemented by the local union, so that in New York pensioners draw $8 a week and in Chicago $7.

To the readers of THE JOURNAL all this is tritethey know something of what the union is doing. But let the reader put himself in the place of the ordinary citizen, whose knowledge of unionism is derived from the daily press. How would such an item strike him then? Of course, the average citizen is not going to become a missioner of the typographical union and hasten to a printer friend to

urge him to join the organization. He will have acquired a new view of unionism, however, and be so much impressed as to make the mental note that the printer's union is a fine organization and doing good work. This will linger with Mr. Average Citizen, and now and then he will mention it in a group of friends. His remarks will be supplemented by some other person and one good opinion of the typographical union thus secures an everwidening circle of influence.

Recently W. E. Stevens, of the instruction department of the course, addressed the men's club of an Evanston (Chicago) church, and mentioned the various activities of the typographical union. Led by the clergyman, several residents of Chicago's classic suburb confessed that they previously had no conception that unionism was such an expounder of applied Christianity. That address was advertising for us and instructive to the audience. Mr. Stevens spoke to fifty or so, a newspaper reaches thousands, but the mental effect is the

same.

Results may be slow, but they are sure, and those who doubt it lack pride or faith in the enduring quality of the good works of the typographical union. When we fully appreciate what we are do ing we shall advertise it-and reap a greater reward for our sacrifice and our effort.

A BALLAD OF OLDTIME PRINTERS. When days are dreary, or nights are lone, I think of what never again shall beOf times and manners forever flownWhen printers, careless, content and free, Went wandering forth eternally;

A tribe less eager to earn than spend, But ready to do, and dare, and befriend; And I would I knew who are pilgrims gray, And who have passed to their earthly end Of the tribe long scattered and swept away.

There's Dorsey Mitten, lies under a stone;

And rough Slim Cosgrove, who tramped with

me

The grass on his grave has long years grown-
By his own hand slain, in his agony.
But silent Buff Corwin, where is he?

And Hughes-old Andy-who could not mend His tongue-tied vowels, what fates attend? And little Red Tupper, who loved a fray?

Through the Past's dim haze their way they wend

With the tribe long scattered and swept away.

Where's One-Eyed Parks? That the sun ne'er

shone

On a rarer spirit, all men agree. Where's Shorty Bachman, who traveled alone? Where's Barney O'Farrell and 'Frisco Lee? And Shanty House? Where the Pugh boys three?

And Arensberg, who could swifter send

The type to the stick than the words be penned?

And where does little Kid Canan stray?

And Fatty Gemmel, the heartiest blend Of the tribe long scattered and swept away?

"Prints," some with the harsh world still contend, And some have wandered where none have kenned; Some are safe harbored; and some in cold clay Sleep on forever; and this is the end

Of the tribe long scattered and swept away. New York, N. Y. KIRKLIN BOONE.

That the proposition to increase and graduate the burial benefit was defeated was a distinct surprise and is past understanding. Last year the insurance or "increased mortuary benefit" was defeated by a small majority; and the opinion seemed to be pretty general that the percentage assessment plan of paying for same was the principal objection to the proposition. Other minor objections were the large amounts and the five-year periods. In the proposition to increase and graduate the burial benefit as submitted by the Minneapolis convention, it was thought all the objections to the previous proposition had been met. But no; and the increase and graduation go down in defeat before the "flat rate." And now we paraphrase the expression, "Between the devil and the deep blue sea," by saying, the typographical union finds itself at bay between the percentage plan and the flat rate plan. What is past understanding is how and why the proposition was defeated. As developed in the columns of THE JOURNAL, some of the opposition seemed to be based on the supposition that the plan was "hatched" by the executive council. The fact that a measure originates with President Lynch, Secretary-Treasurer Hays or the International executive council in itself is no reason for opposition to that measure. The simple fact that such and such a proposition originated with the executive council, Secretary-Treasurer Hays or President Lynch is no reason why said proposition should be opposed, regardless of the merits of the proposition, any more than it would be true that another measure should be favored because it came from President Lynch, Secretary-Treasurer Hays or the executive council. Propositions may originate anywhere, and should stand or fall, not because of their origin, but on their merits or demerits. The question of "flat rate" or "percentage" is one that will be hard to adjust to the entire satisfaction of the whole membership. Those receiving small compensation for their services favor the percentage plan, while those "up in the figures" favor the flat rate. The only reason I recognize as worth while why the flat rate on fixed benefits is not fair is in the case of the unemployed. The only way I see to meet this objection would be to exempt from payment of International dues all members who work less than a stipulated number of days (say, for example, six) in a fiscal month. My proposition to the convention, which was very

hurriedly written and copied at my desk on the floor of the convention, and, for this reason, was printed in bad shape in the proceedings, (if adopted) would probably meet the approval of the membership at large. Said proposition is herewith reproduced:

ARTICLE IX-REVENUE AND FUNDS.

Section 1. The revenue of the International Typographical Union shall be derived as follows: From dues, which shall be one-half of one per cent per month on earnings of members; from necessary supplies, at prices to be fixed by law. International dues for each month shall be collected by subordinate unions, and shall be transmitted to the secretary-treasurer of the International Typographical Union before the twentieth of the succeeding month. Unions failing to comply with this provision shall be considered delinquent and debarred from benefits: Provided, That unions located so far from headquarters as to make it impossible for their dues to reach there within the prescribed time shall not be considered delinquent if their remittances bear postmark date prior to the 15th of the succeeding month.

Section 2. In addition to the monthly dues of one-half of one per cent per month on earnings of members, each member of the International Typographical Union, except those who work less than six days during the fiscal month, shall pay 25 cents to the old age pension fund and 25 cents to the burial fund.

Section 3. In addition to the monthly dues, pension fund and burial fund assessments provided in this article, every member (except members of the Typographia and those domiciled at the Union Printers Home) shall pay the sum of 5 cents monthly as a subscription to THE TYPOGRAPHICAL JOURNAL, the same to be collected with the monthly dues and transmitted to the secretary-treasurer of the International Union, to be placed to the credit of the general fund.

Section 4. The general fund shall be used to defray all expenses of the International Typographical Union except disbursements from the pension fund and the burial fund; and 15 cents per month per member shall be apportioned to the Home fund. Section 5. The burial fund shall be used to pay death benefits as provided in the by-laws. Remaining sections to remain as at present.

This shows a compromise by placing the indeterminate benefits (general expenses) on the percentage basis, while he pension and burial benefits, which are more nearly known quantities, are placed on the flat rate. It is only right and proper that those whose earnings are large should pay more than those whose earnings are small; but how far shall this be carried? Shall Jones, who earns $25 per week, pay $2.50 for shoes, while Brown is required to pay only $1.25 for precisely similar shoes because his earnings are only $12.50 per week? And shall Hill, in New York, where living is dear, pay twice the amount into the pension and burial funds as is required of Smith, in Bristol, where living is less expensive, simply because Hill, of New York, earns more money than Smith, of Bristol? Let's get together and reason about this ques