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Australasia

Russian Empire.

European Russia.

Asiatic Russia.

France and Colonies.

5,515,860

4.282,875

133,572,000

8.660.282

110,675,000

2,095,504

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Confed'n

Earl Minto,
{Gov.-General.
Geo. N. Curzon,

Sep., 194

V.-R. of India. J

Jan, 1, 99

Nov. 2,94

Feb. 18.0

Mar. 4,97

Congress.

Republic. Emile Loubet..
Republic. William McKinley.
Territor']

Gov't to be decided by U. S
Military...

Lim. Mon. William II
Lim. Mon. Mutsuhito
Lim. Mon. Francis Joseph I
Abs. Mon. Abdul Hamid II...
Lim. Mon. Wilhelmina, Queen
Lim.Mon. Humbert I..
Lim. Mon. Alphonso XIII.
Republic. Campos Salles.
Lim. Mon. Carios I..
Fr. State. Leopold II..

Abs. Mon. Serik 'n Musulnya.
Republic. Porfirio Diaz..
Abs. Mon. Li-Hsi

Abs. Desp Muzafer-ed-Din.

Jun.15.'
Feb. 13. 67
Dec. 2. 48
Aug. 3176

Dec. 9,90
Jan. 9, 78
May17.
Nov.1598
Oct.19.8
Feb.26, 85

Jan., 64

Mexico

13,125,000 767.205

Mexico

Dec. 1, 96

Corea..

11,529,300

82,000

Seoul

Mar., 9

.....

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*Also enumerated with the Turkish Empire. +Also enumerated with the German Empire. reports are to the effect that the Emperor has been deposed and that the Dowager Empress is administering the Government.

The foreign possessions of France, Great Britain, and Germany are now rapidly increasing in area and population, chiefly through the partition of Africa and accessions among the islands of the Pacific Ocean.

Lim. Mon. George I.

June 4,

Copenhagen.

Nov 15 63

Tegucicalpa..

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Oct. 28, 95

Montevideo.

tectorate.

Turk. Dep Namyk Bey.

June, 196

198

165

Pretoria.

Port-au-Prince

Khelat..

Asuncion.

Santo Domingo..

April, 196

Bloemfontein..

Zanzibar.

Nov.25 '98

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PAY STATIONS OF THE NEW YORK AND NEW JERSEY TELEPHONE COMPANY.

List of cities and towns on Long Island and in New Jersey connected by Long Distance Telephone in which Exchanges or Pay Stations are located.

Co nplete list of Pay Stations and subscribers at any telephone station, the location of which is shown by the sign of a Blue Bell.

Amagansett, L. I.
Amityville, L. I.

Aquebogue. L. I.

Aqueduct, L. I.
Arverne, L. I.

Asbury Park, N. J.
Astoria, L. I.

Atlantic Highlands, N. J.
Babylon, L. I.

Baldwins, L. I.

Barren Island, L. I.

Bath Beach, L. I.
Bayonne, N. J.
Bayport, L. I.
Bay Ridge, L. I.
Bay Shore, L. I.
Bayside, L. I.
Bayville, L. I.
Bellmore, L. I.
Bellport, L. I.
Bensonhurst, L. I.
Bergen Beach, L. I.
Bloomfield, N. J.
Blue Point, L. I.
Boonton, N. J.
Borough Park, L. I.
Bound Brook, N. J.
Bridgehampton, L. I.
Brighton Beach, L. I.
Brookhaven, L. I.
Brooklyn, N. Y.
Brooklyn Hills, L. I.

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Bushwick Junction, L. I.

Butler, N. J.

Canarsie, L. I.

Canoe Place, L. I.

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Floral Park, L. I.
Flushing, L. I.

Fort Hamilton, L. I.
Fort Hancock, N. J.
Foster's Meadow. L. I.
Franklinville, L. I.
Freehold, N. J.
Freeport, L. I.
Garden City, L. I.
Garretson, S. I.
Glen Cove, L. I.
Glendale, L. I.
Glen Head, L. I.
Glenwood, L. I.
Good Ground, L. I.
Gravesend, L. I.

Gravesend Beach, L. I.
Great Neck, L. I.
Great River, L. I.
Greenlawn, L. I.
Greenport, L. I.
Hackensack, N. J.
Hammell's, L. I.
Harrison, N. J.
Hempstead, L. I.
Hewletts, L. I.
Hicksville, L. I.
Hoboken, N. J.
Hollands, L. I.
Hollis, L. 1.
Huntington, L. I.
Inwood, L. I.
Islip, L. I.
Jamaica, L. I.
Jamesport, L. I.
Jericho, L. I.
Jersey City, N. J.
Keyport, N. J.
King's Park, L. I.
Lakewood, N. J.
Laurel Hill, L. I.
Lawrence, L. I.
Lindenhurst, L I.
Little Neck, L. I.
Locust Valley, L. I.
Long Beach, L. I.
Long Branch, N. J.
Long Island City, L. I.
Lynbrook, L. I.
Madison, N. J.
Manhassett, L. I.
Manhattan Beach, N. Y.
Maspeth, L. I.
Massapequa, L. I.

Mastic, L. I.

Matawan, N. J.

Mattituck, L. I.
Merrick, L. I.
Metropolitan, L. I.
Metuchen, N. J.
Middle Village, L. I.
Millburn, N. J.
Millneck, L. I.
Mineola, L. I.

Montauk Point, L. I.
Montclair, N. J.
Moriches, L. I.
Morris Park, L. I.
Morristown, N. J.
Murray Hill, L. I.
New Brunswick, N. J.
New Hyde Park, L. I.
Newark, N. J.
Newtown, L. I.
North Beach, L. I.
Northport, L. I.
Oakdale, L. I.
Ocean Grove, N. J.
Oceanside, LI

Old Westbury, L. I.
Orange, N. J.

Orient, L. I.
Oyster Bay, L. I.
Ozone Park, L. I.
Parkville, L. I.
Passaic, N. J.
Patchogue, L. I.
Paterson, N. J.
Peconic, L. I.
Perth Amboy, N. J.
Plainfield, N. J.
Port Jefferson, L. I.
Port Washington, L. I.
Promised Land, L. I.
Queens, L. I.
Quiogue, L. I.
Quogue, L. I.
Rahway, N. J.

Red Bank, N. J.

Richmond Hill, L. I.

Ridgewood, N J.

Riverhead, L. I.

Rockaway Beach, L. I.

Rockaway Park, L. I.
Rockville Centre, L. I.
Rosedale, L. I.
Roslyn, L. I.
Rutherford, N. J
Sagaponack, L. I.
Sag Harbor, L. I.
Sayville, L. I.
Sea Cliff, L. I.
Sea Side, L. I.
Seabright, N. J.
Seaford. L. I.
Setauket. L. I.
Sheepshead Bay, L. I.
Shelter Island, N. Y.
Smithtown, LI
Smithtown Branch, L. I.
Somerville, NJ
South Amboy, N. J.
South Orange, N. J.
Southampton, L. I.
Southold, L. I.

South Jamesport, L. I.
Speonk, L. I.
Springfield, L. I.

Staten Island, N. Y.
Stony Brook, L. I.
St. Albans. L I.
St. James, L. I.
Summit, N. J.
Syosset, L. I.
Thomaston, L. I.

Town of Union, N. J.

Union Course, L. I.
Valley Stream, L. I.
Wainscott, L. I.
Wantagh, L. I.
Water Mill, L. I.
Weehawken, N. J.
Westbury, L. I.
Westfield, N. J.
West Arverne, L. I.
West Brooklyn, N. Y.
West Hampton, L. I.

West Hampton Beach, L. I.

West Hempstead, L. I.
West Hoboken, N. J.
West Orange, N. J.
West Sayville, L. I.
Whitestone, L. I.

Whitestone Lar ding, L. I.
Willets Point, L. I.
Windsor Terrace, L. I.
Winfield, L. I.

Woodhaven. L. I.

Woodhaven Junction, L. I.

Woodsburgh, L. I.

Woodside, L. I.

Yaphank, L. I.

482

NEW YORK AND BROOKLYN BRIDGE.

The management of the Bridge was formerly under control of a board of twenty trustees, eight being appointed by the Mayor, Comptroller and Auditor of Brooklyn, and eight by the Mayor, Comptroller and President of the Board of Aldermen of New York City. Under an act of the Legislature, passed April 4th, 1893, on April 12th following this board was replaced by a Board of Trustees, consisting of two persons appointed by the Mayor of the City of Brooklyn, two persons appointed by the Mayor of the City of New York, at a salary of $3,000 each, and the mayors and comptrollers of the two cities, members ex-officio, the appointed trustees to hold office for five years. Under the Charter for the greater city of New York the offices of trustees of the Bridge are abolished and the Commissioner of Bridges appointed by the mayor has jurisdiction over the structure. (See City Government.) The receipts of the Bridge from all sources are deposited daily in a bank to the credit of the Chamberlain of New York City.

Officers for 1899.

179 Washington st.

Deputy Commissioner, Henry Beam

Chief Engineer and Supt., C. C. Martin.

Asst. Engineer, G. Leverich..

Asst. Engineer, A. McLean.

Cashier, Herman Prager

Auditor, J. A. Kingsley

Toll Clerk, W. W. Sheffield

Toll Clerk, J. F. Gregg..

Two horses and vehicle

.10 cents

For each horse beyond 2, to any vehicle.. 3 cents
Neat cattle, each

Sheep and hogs, each..

Electric cars, 5 cents round trip.
Elevated railroad companies, $250 per day.

Statistics of the Structure.
Construction commenced January 2, 1870.
Bridge opened to the public May 24, 1883.
Railroad opened September 24, 1883.

5 cents
2 cents

Size of Manhattan caisson, 172x102 feet. Size of Brooklyn caisson, 168x102 feet. Manhattan tower contains 46,945 cubic yards masonry. Brooklyn masonry.

tower contains 38,214

cubic yards

Depth of tower foundation below high water, Brooklyn, 45 feet.

Depth of tower foundation below high water, Manhattan, 78 feet.

Size of towers, high water line. 140x59 feet. Size of towers at roof course, 136x53 feet. Height of towers above high water, 278 feet. Clear height of Bridge, in center of river span above high water, at 90 deg. F., 135 feet. Height of floors at towers above high 119 feet 3 inches.

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Grade of roadway, 34 feet in 100 feet.
Height of towers above roadway, 159 feet.
Weight of each anchor plate, 23 tons.
Diameter of each cable, 15 inches.

1,500

First wire was run out May 29, 1877.

water,

Clerk, H. B. Baldwin..

For officers Dept. of Bridges for entire city, see chapter on City Government.

Total Receipts.

From May 23, 1883, to Dec. 1, 1884..
From Dec. 1, 1884, to Dec. 1, 1885..
From Dec. 1, 1885, to Dec. 1, 1886..
From Dec. 1, 1886, to Dec. 1, 1887.
From Dec. 1, 1887, to Dec. 1, 1888.
From Dec. 1, 1888, to Dec. 1, 1889..
From Dec. 1, 1889, to Dec. 1, 1890.
From Dec. 1, 1890, to Dec. 1, 1891.
From Dec. 1, 1891, to Dec. 1, 1892.
From Dec. 1, 1892, to Dec. 1, 1893.
From Dec. 1, 1893, to Dec. 1, 1894.
From Dec. 1, 1894, to Dec. d, 1895.
From Dec. 1, 1895, to Dec. 1, 1896.
From Dec. 1, 1896, to Dec. 1, 1897.
From Dec. 1, 1897, to Dec. 1, 1898..
From Dec. 1, 1898, to Dec. 1, 1899.
Total

$682,755.42

622,680.31

870,207.43 938,281.21 .1,012,254.82 1,120,024.16 .1,239,493.90 .1,176,447.95 1,801,661.48 .1 590,140.03 .1,476,598.85 .1,626,578.04 1,404,318.47 .1,363,731.03

802,717.46 422,666.37 $18,150,556.93

The receipts from tolls for the year ending December 1, 1899, were $82,862.19.

On July 1, 1898, the Bridge Railway was leased to the Elevated Railway Companies, who now operate their systems across the Bridge. Since the leasing of the Bridge R. R. to the Elevated Roads no record has been kept of the number of persons daily crossing the Bridge.

Total Expenditures.
From May 23, 1883, to Dec. 1, 1884

From Dec. 1, 1884, to Dec. 1, 1885

From Dec. 1, 1885, to Dec. 1, 1886

From Dec. 1, 1886, to Dec. 1, 1887

From Dec. 1, 1887, to Dec. 1, 1888
From Dec. 1, 1888, to Dec. 1, 1889
From Dec. 1, 1889, to Dec. 1, 1890
From Dec. 1, 1890, to Dec. 1, 1891
From Dec. 1, 1891, to Dec. 1, 1892
From Dec. 1, 1892, to Dec. 1, 1893
From Dec. 1, 1893, to Dec. 1, 1894
From Dec. 1, 1894, to Dec. 1, 1895
From Dec. 1, 1895, to Dec. 1, 1896
From Dec. 1, 1896, to Dec. 1, 1897
From Dec. 1, 1897, to Dec. 1, 1898
From Dec. 1, 1898, to Dec. 1, 1899

$553,647.78 560,928.23 951,944.58 989,451.22 831,497.22 1,267,115.19

1,075,436.71
1,732,280.88
1,715,530.82
1,655,908.23
1,521,660.94
1,647,316.56
1,640,490.24
1,228,143.24

779.949.30
286,076.98
$18,437,378.12

Total
The pay rolls and salaries for 1899 amount to
$245,361.48.

Schedule of Tolls.

.Free

Foot passengers
Railroad fare, 3 cents, or 10 tickets for 25 cents,
or 2 tickets for 5 cents, collected by Elevated
Railroads. Passengers going beyond bridge ter-
minus in Brooklyn pay no bridge fare after pay-
ing car fare.

One horse and man..
One horse and vehicle

Length of each single wire, 3,578 feet 6 inches.
Ultimate strength of each cable, 12,200 tons.
Weight of wire, 12 feet per pound.

Each cable contains 5,296 parallel (not twisted) galvanized steel oil coated, closely wrapped to a solid cylinder, 15% inches in diameter.

Permanent

14.680 tons.

weight suspended

Width of Bridge, 85 feet.

from cables,

Length of river span, 1,595 feet 6 inches.
Length of each land span, 930 feet.
Length of Brooklyn approach, 971 feet.
Length of Manhattan approach, 1,562 feet
inches.

Total length of carriageway, 5,989 feet.
Total length with extensions, 6.537 feet.
Length of driving cable, 11,600 feet.

Speed of trains, 10 miles an hour.

Original cost of construction, $15,000,000.
In 1896 the managers of the surface and elevated
The matter
roads of Brooklyn sought permission to extend
their lines to N. Y. over the Bridge.

on Oct. 26, 1896, was by a meeting of the Board
of Trustees referred to a Board of 3 engineers,
One by the Mayor
to be appointed as follows:
of Brooklyn, one by Mayor of N. Y. and one by
The following were ap-
President of the Bridge.
pointed: Leffert L. Buck, Virgil G. Bogue and
Geo. H. Thompson. This Board presented its re-
port on Feb. 8, 1897, in which it expressed the
entire feasibility of operating surface cars and
elevate trains on the Bridge. The report was re-
This committee
ferred to a committee of trustees, of which Hon.
F. W. Wurster was chairman.
reported in favor of the project on Feb. 16, and
on March 10, 1897, the Board of Trustees adopted
the report of the special committee, and the report
of the Board of Experts.

On May 15, 1897, the New York State Legislature
passed an act empowering the Bridge Trustees
to enter into contracts with the Brooklyn Rail-
way companies to operate their lines over the
Plans and contracts were approved and
bridge.
signed Aug. 23, 1897. Revised contracts were ex-
ecuted Oct. 14, 1897. Work was immediately be-
gun by the R. R. companies and prosecuted until
stopped by legal process in November. On Dec.
31 one of the injunctions was set aside, the track
one way completed and the first trolley car crossed
crossed the
the Bridge on the evening of Dec. 31, 1897, and
trolley cars
during 1898 1,014,507
Bridge. It is estimated that about 120,000 trolley
cars cross the structure each month, yielding an
income of $70,000 per annum.

At Bahram Ghat, in India, there is being finished a bridge, which, on account of the character of the river bed, is quite an engineering feat. The 3 cents bridge is 3,697 feet long and has seven spans 200 5 cents feet high, each weighing 551,150 pounds.

6

THE NEW EAST RIVER BRIDGE.

The new East River Bridge Commission, which is authorized to construct a bridge from the foot of Broadway. Brooklyn, to the foot of Delancey slip, Manhattan, was organized under the provisions of Chapter 789 of the Laws of 1895. The act was approved by the Governor on May 27, 1895. In accordance with the provisions of the law six Commissioners were appointed, three each by the Mayors of Brooklyn and New York, the two mayors acting as ex-officio members of the Commission.

Mayor Schieren appointed Andrew D. Baird (Pres.), James A. Sperry and Henry Batterman. Mayor Strong appointed Salem H. Wales (VicePres.), Francis B. Thurber (Sec.) and Richard Deeves (Treas.). The new commission appointed by Mayor Van Wyck Jan. 19, 1898, were: Presi dent, Lewis Nixon; Vice-President, James W. Boyle; Secretary, Smith E. Lane; Treasurer, Julian D. Fairchild, and Commissioners, John W. Weber and Thomas S. Moore, and Mayor Robert A. Van Wyck, ex-officio. Commissioners Nixon, Lane and Boyle were appointed from Manhattan and Fairchild, Moore and Weber from Brooklyn.

S.

On April 1. 1899, Commissioner Thomas Moore died and on April 10 James D. Bell of the Borough of Brooklyn was appointed in his place. On June 15, 1899, an election of officers was held at which Mr. Bell was elected Secretary, replacing Mr. Smith E. Lane. The other officers were re-elected to their respective offices.

was

The original commission purchased all the rights of the East River Bridge Company, which organized in 1892. to build a bridge between the same points, for $200,000 on December 18, 1895.

Fourteen bids were received, and opened on Sept. 22, 1837, for each of the two enchorages; these varied from $689,349 to $1,238,106. The Manhattan anchorage was let to Shanly & Ryan, the lowest bidders, for the sum of $750,770, The Brooklyn anchorage was let to the Degnon-McLean Construction Company for the sum of $723,578.

There will be about 1,500,000 feet of timber, 10,000 cubic yards of concrete, 45,000 cubic yards of stone masonry and 1,600 tons of cable anchor steel in each anchorage. The Manhattan anchorage rests on 3,500 plies and the Brooklyn anenorage on the natural sand. The Brooklyn anchorage will be completed this season as far as it can be done before the cables are made.

The contract for the steel towers and end spans, involving the manufacture and erection of about 12,000 tons of steel, was let to the New Jersey Steel and Iron Company for $1,220,000 on February 21, 1899. About 6,000 tons of steel are now in the shops for this work and it is expected that the erection of the steel towers will commence this fall.

Drawings and specifications are now prepared for the steel cables and it is expected that the contract for this work will be let in December, 1899.

The contracts for the main suspension span and for the approaches will be let early in the year 1900.

Offices of the Commission, 49-51 Chambers street,

Manhattan. Meetings held every Thursday afternoon. The offices of the Chief Engineer are at 84 Broadway, Brooklyn.

The Engineering and Executive Office staff is as follows: Leffert L. Buck, Chief Engineer, $10,000 per annum; O. F. Nichols, Principal Assistant En

The route agreed upon by the Commission is from a point between South Fifth and South Sixth sts., to a point near the foot of Delancey st.. Man-gineer, $6,000; E. G. Freeman, Resident Engineer.

hattan.

The northerly line of the bridge corresponds with the southerly line of Delancey st. and 32 feet are left outside of the bridge as a clearance space. The bridge ends between Attorney and Clinton sts., in Manhattan, and just west of Driggs av., in Brooklyn, two full blocks being taken in each city for an entrance plaza.

It is proposed that the bridge shall be 118 feet wide, and 135 feet high for 400 feet at the middle of span at high water and lowest position of bridge, and will furnish accommodations for four surface railroad tracks, two tracks for elevated trains, two roadways for vehicles, two footways for pedestrians and two cycle paths. The towers will be made of steel. The estimated cost $8,000,000, exclusive of the right of way.

is

$3,500; N. L. Robinson, Assistant to Engineering Staff, $2,000; E. Duryea, Jr.. Assistant Engineer. $250 per month; H. D. Robinson, Chief Draughtsman, $250; K. L. Martin, Assistant Engineer, $200; J. D. Wilkins, Draughtsman. $200; F. L. Pruyn, Assistant Engineer, $175; Alex Johnson, Assistant Engineer, $150; C. G. Williams. Assistant Engineer, $150; W. R. Bascome. Assistant Engineer, $150; Robert Hawley, Draughtsman, $125; E. D. Knap, Assistant Engineer, $100; J. A. Tilly, Assistant Engineer, $100; George S. G. Lewis, Assistant Engineer, $100; Olaf M. Kelly, Assistant Engineer, $100; L. Krummel, Rodman, $60; Edward Joyce, Chief Clerk, $2,000 per annum, and J. E. Kavanagh, Clerk and Stenographer, $1,300 per annum. The contracts for construction which have been thus far entered into by the Commission are as

follows:

New York tower foundations.
Brooklyn tower foundations..
New York anchorage...
Brooklyn anchorage

Steel towers and end spans..

Total

$373,462.71

485.082.75

784,270.00

756,778.00

1.220,230.00

$3,619,823.46

The general plans for the bridge were duly adopted by the Commission on August 19, 1896, and formally filed in the Department of Public Works in the cities of Brooklyn and New York. An amended plan was adopted and filed in May, 1897, covering a change in the line of the bridge on the Brooklyn side, authorized by the legislature, and making the bridge straight from end to end. Extensive diamond drill borings were made on both sides of the river at the sites of the tower foundations, during the summer of 1896. The contract for the Manhattan tower foundation was executed on October 28, 1896. with the lowest bid-about 87 per cent. of that of the Brooklyn anchorder, Mr. P. H. Flynn. Work was begun under this contract on Saturday, November 7 of that year and the work was practically completed in September. 1898. Both piers rest on solid rock, the north pier at a depth of 56 feet, and the south pier at a depth of 66 feet below high water.

The Commisison purchased a block of property from the American Sugar Refining Co. for $350,000. This property is located on the line of the bridge, and extends from Kent avenue to the pier head line. Land has also been taken on both sides of the river for the anchorages, and about fifty buildings have been torn down for the construction of the masonry.

The contract for the Brooklyn tower foundations was let to Colin McLean, the lowest bidder, and work was commenced under this contract in July. 1897. The first caisson for the Brooklyn tower foundation was launched on Sept. 30. 1897; the second caisson was launched in December of that year.

The Brooklyn tower foundation was completed in March, 1899. Both piers rest on solid rock. the south pier at a maximum depth of about 90 feet, and the north pier at a maximum depth of about 115 feet below high water.

The construction of the tower foundations on each side of the river has been completed and

age and 68 per cent. of the New York anchorage has also been completed. Of the contract for the steel towers and end spans, which was entered into on Feb. 21, 1899, 182,908.20 has been paid on account of the steel, etc. This only represents about 25 per cent. of the amount of work actually completed in the shops.

The commission have acquired and paid for real property of the value of $908.256.50, and have also acquired property under condemnation proceedings, now pending, which will amount to between $70,000 and $80,000.

The amount placed to the credit of the commission from the proceeds of the sale of bonds to date for the purpose of constructing the New East River Bridge is $5,255,148.16, of which there has been expended, on account of construction, purchase of real property and sundry expenses to date $3,466, 238.45.

Canada's Finances.

The total revenue and expenditure of the Canadian Government in 1898 was $139,695,855. The net public debt June 30, 1898, was $263,956,399.

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