issue, and the party platform had con- upon sugar, molasses, coffee, tea, and demned the principle of protection. The hides, the product of or exported from such Wilson bill, framed by Chairman Wil- designated country. son, of the ways and means committee, and his associates, was presented to the House at the close of 1893, and provided for reduction of duties in some cases, and of some notable additions to the free list, including wool. On Feb. 1, 1894, it passed the House by a vote of 204 to 140. Sixteen Democrats voted against the bill. The Wilson bill failed to provide sufficient revenue. After the election of McKinley and a Republican Congress in 1896, a strong effort was at once made to pass another tariff measure, entitled the Dingley bill. This bill somewhat resembles the McKinley bill, although the duties proposed were not as excessive. The duty on wool was restored. The Dingley bill met with much opposition, but was passed at the close of July, 1897. This was chiefly due to Western Senators, who refused to aid the Republican tariff plans unless that party would support free-silver legislation. The Wilson tariff was chiefly noted for its free-wool (raw) provision, while one of the leading features of the McKinley law was its reciprocity clause, the text of which was as follows: Section 3. With a view to secure reciprocal trade with countries producing the following articles, and for this purpose, on and after July 1, 1892, when ever and so often as the President shall be satisfied that the government of any country producing and exporting sugars, molasses, coffee, tea, and hides, raw and uncured, or any of such articles, impose duties or other exactions upon the agricultural or other products of the United States, which in view of the free introduc. tion of such sugar, molasses, coffee, tea, and hides into the United States he may deem to be reciprocally unequal and unreasonable, he shall have the power, and it shall be his duty, to suspend, by proclamation to that effect the provisions of this act relating to the free introduction of such sugar, molasses, coffee, tea, and hides, the production of such country, for such time as he shall deem just; and in such case and during such suspension duties shall be levied, collected, and paid Among other provisions of the McKinley law, the following were especially noteworthy: A bounty of 2 cents per pound was authorized for all sugar grown within the United States, testing not less than 90° by the polariscope; and upon all sugars testing less than 90° and not less than 80°, a bounty of 14 cents per pound. It was estimated that this provision would cause an annual expenditure of $7,000,000, based upon the annual production of sugar at the time of the passage of the bill. All packages or boxes containing articles of foreign merchandise imported into the United States must be plainly marked or stamped with the name of the country in which the articles originated. When foreign raw materials have been made into finished products in this country and exported, 99 per cent. of the duties paid on such raw materials was refunded. All special taxes and licenses imposed upon the manufacture of tobacco, cigars, and snuff, and upon dealers in them, were abolished, thus reducing the tax on manufactured tobacco from about 8 cents per pound to about 4 cents per pound. This is the only important change made in the internal-revenue laws. On March 18, 1897, a bill to "provide revenue for the government and to encourage the industries of the United States" was introduced into the House of Representatives by Nelson Dingley, Jr., of Maine. The treasury had suffered since 1893 from yearly deficits, and the finances had been further deranged by the growing conviction that the currency system was not as perfect as it should be. Many believed the aggravating cause to be a want of a sufficient revenue, and the new tariff was framed to produce this revenue. By raising all existing duties to the rates collected under the law of 1890, and by subjecting to duties a large number of articles, raw materials of industry, imported free under the laws of 1890 and 1894, the framer of the measure estimated that the new scheme of duties would produce an annual revenue of $273,500,000, or nearly $50,000,000 more than had been obtained from customs in any one year since 1867. bounty-paying country. By Section 22 a The measure passed the House, almost discriminating duty of 10 per cent., in without debate, and the Senate finance addition to the duties imposed by law, committee prepared a bill of its own, as a was imposed on "all goods, wares, or substitute, differing in many important merchandise which shall be imported in particulars from the House measure. Af vessels not of the United States, or which, ter many conferences the two bodies came being the production or manufacture of to an agreement, and the bill received the any foreign country not contiguous to signature of the President on July 24, the United States, shall come into the 1897. This tariff is one of the most de- United States from such contiguous countailed and extensive ever framed by Con- try." This section was at first believed to gress. The first two sections enumerate have the unlooked-for effect of imposing 705 articles and classes, of which 463 were a discriminating duty on foreign goods subject to duty. Provision was made in brought into the United States through Section 3 for reciprocity agreements with Canada-a commerce of some importance. such nations or countries as would make The Attorney-General decided that such adequate concessions on the products and was not the effect. A further important manufactures of the United States; but provision was contained in Section 32 perthe list of foreign products on which re- mitting appraising officers, in determinduction of duty may be made by the ing the dutiable value of imported merUnited States was too limited to offer chandise, to take into consideration the much scope for reciprocal agreements. In wholesale price at which such or similar Section 5 the Secretary of the Treasury merchandise is sold or offered for sale in was directed to ascertain the net amount the United States. This permitted "home of any bounty, direct or indirect, paid by market value" to be considered where a foreign government on the exportation "foreign market value is in doubt." of any article or merchandise, which amount was to be added to the duty imposed on such articles or merchandise imported into the United States from the As the intention of the framers of the act was to go back to the law of 1890, a comparison is made with the rates imposed by that act: ARTICLES ON WHICH THE RATES OF DUTY WERE INCREASED over those OF THE ACT OF OCT. 1, 1890. ARTICLES ON WHICH THE RATES OF DUTY WERE INCREASED OVER THOSE OF THE ACT OF OCT. 1, 1890-Continued. Articles. Asphaltum and bitumen: Not dried or advanced. Dried or advanced.. Bauxite or beauxite, crude.. Chemical glassware, for use in laboratory, n. s. p. f. Plate glass, fluted, etc., above 16 by 24 ins., and not above 24 by 30 ins.... Plate glass, cast, polished: Not exceeding 16 by 24 ins.. Above 16 by 24 and not above 24 by 30 ins... Sc. per sq. ft...... Plate-glass, cast, polished, silvered: Not exceeding 16 by 24 ins Above 16 by 24 and not above 24 by 30 ins.. Cylinder and crown glass, polished, silvered: Not exceeding 16 by 24 ins.. Above 16 by 24 and not above 24 by 30 ins... Cylinder and crown glass, polished, silvered, when ground, obscured, frosted, etc. : Not exceeding 16 by 24 ins... Above 16 by 24 and not above 24 by 30 ins. Plate-glass, cast, polished, silvered, when ground, obscured, frosted, etc. : Not exceeding 16 by 24 ins... Above 16 by 24 and not above 24 by 30 ins... $1.25 per ton. 8c. per sq. ft. 11c. per sq. ft. 6c. per sq. ft.. 10c. per sq. ft.... 13c. per sq. ft. 11c. per sq. ft. 6c. per sq. ft... 6c. per sq. ft. and 10 per cent.. 6c. per sq. ft. and 10 per cent.. 5c. per sq. ft. and 10 per cent. Above 16 by 24 and not above 24 by 30 ins... 8c. per sq. ft. and 10 per cent.. Watch cases, movements, etc..... Jewels for use in the manufacture of) watches or clocks... Railroad ties... Free.. 66 Free. ARTICLES ON WHICH THE RATES OF DUTY WERE INCREASED OVER THOSE OF THE ACT OF OCT. 1, 1890-Continued. Tarleton, SIR BANASTRE, military officer; born in Liverpool, England, Aug. 21, 1754; purchased a commission in the F SIR BANASTRE TARLETON. British army (dragoons). At the beginning of the Revolutionary War he came to America, and was concerned in the capt 45 per cent. 45 per cent. 50 per cent. 40 per cent. ure of General Lee late in 1776. After the evacuation of Philadelphia, 1778, he commanded a cavalry corps called the "British Legion," and accompanied the troops that captured Charleston in May, 1780. He was one of Cornwallis's most active officers in the Carolinas and Virginia, in 1780-81, destroying Colonel Buford's regiment at Waxhaw Creek. "Tarleton's quarter" was synonymous with wholesale butchery. He was one of the prisoners at the surrender of Cornwallis. He published a history of his campaign in 1780-81. He died in England, Jan 23, 1833. Ta-ron-tee, or Rivière aux Canards, SKIRMISH AT. Gen. William Hull cautiously moved, July 13, 1812, from Sandwich to attack Fort Malden, 18 miles below. He sent forward a reconnoitring party, who returned with information that Tecumseh, with his Indians, had been lying in ambush near Turkey Creek, iams, and Van Wart; and contains the not far from Amherstburg, and that the home and burial place of Washington forest was full of prowling barbarians. Irving; the Philipse manor-house, erected There were rumors also that British in 1682; a Dutch church, erected prior to armed vessels were about to ascend the 1699; and a monument to the RevoluDetroit River. Hall ordered his cannon to tionary soldiers of the vicinity, dedicated be placed near the shore and his camp in 1894. fortified on the land side. He sent Me- Tatham, WILLIAM, author; born in Arthur in pursuit of the Indians in the Hutton, England, in 1752; settled in Virwoods, and Colonel Cass pushed on towards ginia in 1769; served in the Revolutionary the Ta-ron-tee, as the Indians called it, War as a colonel of Virginia cavalry. with 280 men. It is a broad and deep After the war he studied law and was stream flowing through marshes into the admitted to the bar in 1784; settled in Detroit River about 4 miles above Fort North Carolina in 1786; was in England Malden, at Amherstburg, and was then in 1796-1805; then returned to the United approached by a narrow causeway and States. He was the author of Memorial spanned by a bridge. At the southern end of the bridge was a detachment of British regulars, Canadian militia, and Indians under Tecumseh. Cass marched up the stream to a ford, crossed it, at sunset dashed upon the enemy, and, after a conflict of a few minutes, dispersed them and drove them into the forest. He asked permission to hold the bridge as an important point in the march upon Fort Malden, but bis detachment was too weak to face the peril of such nearness to the fort, and the request was denied. Besides, Hull was not then aware of the real strength of the garrison at Fort Malden, and was not prepared to attack it. The affair at the Taron-tee was the first skirmish and victory in the War of 1812-15. Tarrytown, a village in Westchester county, N. Y., where the Hudson River expands and is locally known.as Tappan Sea. It was the scene of the capture of Major John André by Paulding, Will on the Civil and Military Government of the Tennessee; An Analysis of the State of Virginia; Two Tracts Relating to the Canal Between Norfolk and North Carolina; Plan for Insulating the Metropolis by Means of a Navigable Canal, etc. He died in Richmond, Va., Feb. 22, 1819. Tatnall, JOSIAH, naval officer; born near Savannah, Ga., Nov. 9, 1796; entered the United States navy in 1812; rose to captain in 1850; first served in the frigate Constellation, and assisted in the repulse of the British at Craney Island in 1813. He afterwards served under Perry and Porter, and was engaged on the Mexican coast during the war against Mexico. He entered the Confederate service; improvised a flotilla known as the Mosquito Fleet, and attempted to defend Port Royal Sound against Dupont. He commanded at Norfolk when the Merrimac was destroyed, and the Mosquito Fleet at Savannah. He died in Savannah, Ga., June 14, 1871. |