the raccoon, pine squirrel, gray squirrel, and the rock squirrel are all found in Arizona.

The beaver is still found in portions of the Territory. The wild turkey, quail, and ringneck pigeon are also found here.

HUNTING AND FISHING.

Mr. W. L. Pinney, member of the fish and game commission of Arizona, has prepared the following report upon the subject of hunting and fishing:

The tourist who comes to Arizona may expect to find at any season of the year as fine shooting as may be had in any portion of the United States. Being a newly settled country, not a great deal of attention has been paid to hunting as a sport by the local inhabitants until within the past few years, and during that time an efficient system of game wardens carrying into effect the game laws in force in the Territory has caused a marked increase rather than a decrease in the large and small game of Arizona. The Federal game laws have proven of great advantage to the officers of the Territory in protection against the sale and shipment of game.

In central and southern Arizona, in the summer, the white-winged dove (Melopelia leucoptera) is found in great numbers. They are probably the finest shooting in the world. Experienced wing shooters are frequently able to kill a hundred of these swift-flying birds within an hour or two. These birds are so numerous in the farming sections as to be almost considered a pest at times.

The quail common to the Pacific coast (Callipepla gambelii) are found throughout the Territory in abundance. The open season is from October 15 to March 1. Quail are hunted more than any game we have. Since the passage of the last game laws, prohibiting the trapping and marketing of game, these birds have multiplied rapidly. The duck and goose season is the same as quail, and they are found in abundance along the rivers and irrigated sections of the valleys and in the lakes of northern Arizona. Probably no finer shooting ground for wild fowl exists than the mouth of the Colorado River at the Gulf of California, 60 miles below Yuma. This trip is frequently made by sportsmen in the winter. Wild turkeys, grouse, snipe, rail, and other game birds are found in various sections of Arizona. Efforts to introduce bobwhite quail and imported pheasants have so far not been very successful.

The killing at any time of camel, elk, mountain sheep or mountain goats, and female deer is prohibited; also antelope until January, 1906. The deer season is open from November 15 to December 15, and they are so plentiful that a number were killed last winter within 10 miles of Phoenix, and not over a mile from the cultivated farms of the valley. Guides may be had in any of the larger towns of the Territory for parties who wish to hunt big game. Bear and mountain lions are still numerous in the wooded mountain regions; these animals are destructive to cattle and sheep, and the generous bounties offered by the Territory for their scalps have resulted in a great many of them being killed.

The mountain streams of northern Arizona abound in brook trout and bass, and offer practically unlimited sport. The warm-water streams in central and southern Arizona are filled with fish peculiar to this section, noticeably several varieties of suckers and the Colorado River salmon. Carp and a couple of varieties of the catfish are found in abundance in these streams. Bass and other fish are being introduced and are doing finely.

NATURAL SCENERY.

Nature has given to the world no picture more beautiful than the Grand Canyon of the Colorado in northern Arizona. The marvelous beauty and sublimity of this great gorge is fast spreading the fame of this Territory to all portions of the world as the home of wonderful natural scenery. An adequate impression of its bewildering phases of grandeur is scarcely conveyed to the mind by description; only those who have stood on the rim of the canyon and looked down upon the great expanse of eroded, carved, and painted earth can appreciate fully this great work of nature. The traveler finds in it a power of concentration which holds him a prisoner to its charms; each day brings out

some new phase of beauty, the gorge deepens, its borders stretch farther on, and the great spectacle gradually passes beyond the power of the mind to comprehend. The impression it makes defies all other scenes to rob it of the place it holds supreme.

During the past year a railroad has been completed to the rim of the Grand Canyon, and thousands of travelers have taken advantage of this opportunity to visit the canyon. Hotel accommodations are provided, and visitors are guided into the depths of the gorge, where they may explore the wonderful scenes presented on every hand. The railway runs from Williams, on the Santa Fe Pacific, and the distance to the canyon from that point is 65 miles. A stage line runs from Flagstaff, taking passengers through to the canyon over a fine mountain road rich in scenery of exceptional grandeur. The distance from Flagstaff is 74 miles.

The natural bridge is another attractive place which is visited by travelers who care to go into the mountains on an overland journey, and in point of interest it is regarded as one of the wonders of nature which is well worth a long journey to see. The natural bridge is in northern Arizona, and is reached from points on the Santa Fe Pacific Railroad. The people of Arizona frequently go there in numbers during the summer time to camp and hunt.

Among other points of great interest are the cliff dwellers in Yavapai and Coconino counties, Montezuma's well and castle in Yavapai County, the Casa Grande ruins in Pinal County, the old San Xavier Mission in Pima County, the petrified forests in Navajo County, and numbers of ancient ruins of prehistoric interest in different portions of the Territory.

Arizona possesses a wealth of mountain scenery which is unequaled in attractiveness by any mountain region of the United States.

INDIANS.

PHOENIX INDIAN SCHOOL.

The following report of the advancement of the Indians at the Phoenix school was submitted by Mr. C. W. Goodman:

The Phoenix Indian Industrial School was established and a superintendent appointed in January, 1891. The school was opened in the West End Hotel the following September, with 31 boys. The number was soon increased to 42 boys, which taxed the capacity of the building. Mr. Hugh Patton, a Pima Indian, now the day school teacher at Gila Crossing, was the first teacher. May 6, 1892, the school was transferred to its permanent quarters on the 160 acres of land 3 miles north of Phoenix. This quarter section was valued at $9,000, of which the Government paid $6,000 and the citizens of Phoenix donated $3,000.

Since then the school has grown until there are now about 30 buildings for the 650 pupils and 56 employees. The extensive grounds are well cared for and quite ornamental, and the school is quite a resort for Phoenix people and their friends. The average attendance for the fiscal year of 1902 was 657. The following 28 tribes were represented, coming from all parts of Arizona and seven or eight other States and Territories: Apache, Arapaho, Chemehuevi, Chippewa, Comanche, Hopi, Hupa, Klamath, Little Lake, Maricopa, Mission, Mohave, Piute, Papago, Pawnee, Pima, Pueblo, Rogue River, Shoshoni, Siletz, Snake, Hualapai, Washoe, Willow Creek, Yaqui, Yuki, Yuma, and Zuni.

About 100 mixed-bloods have been returned to their homes and their places are being filled with full-bloods and others having a much larger per cent of Indian blood than those returned.

The appropriation for 1903 provides for 700 pupils, an increase of 100 over the previous year. Purchase has been made of an additional 80 acres, which is located 1 mile east of the school and is under the Grand and Arizona canals. The soil is

excellent for gardening and fruit raising, and water to supplement the flow in the canals will be developed by pumping from wells and can be had at from 40 to 50 feet in depth. The wells on the original farm are being enlarged and deepened, and a pumping plant will be put in to supply the 160 acres. Alfalfa and grain can thus be grown in great abundance where now it is difficult to raise feed enough for a few cows and work horses.

During the year an auditorium was completed at a cost of about $7,500, and a bath house for girls at a cost of $4,500. Plans are being prepared for new buildings, which have been authorized at a cost of $34,000.

The class-room work is thorough and the excellent course of study promulgated by Miss Reel, superintendent of Indian schools, has been adopted. A class of six completed the common-school work. Their essays and orations caused surprise, on account of their thoughtfulness and originality, to many in the large audience that greeted them.

But the industrial work is properly given the most prominence. The boys are well trained in the trades and agricultural industries, and the girls in housekeeping and domestic arts. Special courses are given in domestic science and sloyd and manual training, including mechanical drawing. During the year the boys have been in demand, not only for work on ranches, but at their trades, a number of them getting $1.50 to $2.50 a day from contractors and others. The Indians of Arizona are learning to take their place among the peaceable, law-abiding, and useful citizens of the Territory.

PIMA AGENCY.

Mr. Elwood Hadley, of the Pima Indian Agency at Sacaton, submits the following interesting report of the progress made by the Pima Indians during the past year:

Pima Agency is located at Sacaton, Ariz., 16 miles north of Casa Grande, on the Southern Pacific Railway, which town is our railway and telegraph station. From Casa Grande there is a stage daily, except Sunday, to Sacaton carrying the mail and passengers.

At the beginning of the fiscal year 1902 there were under the control of this agency the Gila River, Salt River, Gila Bend, and San Xavier Reservations, four in all, with a total population of between 5,000 and 6,000 Indians, of the Pima, Maricopa, and Papago tribes. There are besides between 2,000 and 2,500 nomadic Papago wandering about the country south of the Southern Pacific track, over whom the agent has little more than nominal control.

On the 19th of April, 1902, the San Xavier Reservation, on which there are about 500 Papago, together with all the nomadic Papago in Pima County, was separated from this agency by order of the Department, and placed in charge of J. M. Berger, for many years farmer in charge at San Xavier.

The lands of the reservation were allotted several years ago, and the Indians, having water for irrigation, are self-supporting and fairly prosperous.

The lands of the Gila Bend Reservation, about 120 miles west of Sacaton, have also been allotted, but the Indians having very little water and no prospect of getting more, have been obliged to eke out a living as best they can.

Very few have attempted to improve their allotments. Anything like progress is impossible, and I am more than ever of the opinion, which I expressed in my former reports, that as soon as water is obtained for the Gila River Reservation the Gila Bend Indians should be brought here and allotted lands, of which there is a great plenty waiting only for irrigation.

On the Salt River Reservation the condition of the Indians has not changed greatly during the past year. They have water enough to make them self-supporting, and their progress toward civilization is steady. The plan of self-government, instituted at my suggestion, which I mentioned in my report of last year, still works satisfactorily.

The Indians live at peace with each other and their white neighbors. They will make good citizens whenever the Department decides to allot the lands of the reservation, and the sooner this is done the more rapid, in my opinion, will be their progress.

The Gila River Reservation is much larger than either of the others in my charge, and on it live the greater part of the Pima, together with the Maricopa, who occupy the extreme western end, and of whom there are about 350 left.

While the condition of the Indians on this reservation is far from what is to be desired, a fact owing altogether to the lack of water for irrigation, nevertheless,

despite this and in the face of poverty, their progress during the four years of my administration has been marked. I can see great improvement in their habits and customs, and a wish to attain the civilization of the white man. They have become very industrious when any encouragement is offered, and exhibit an increasing desire for better clothing to wear and better houses to live in, and they grow more and more friendly toward schools.

Long hair and paint are rapidly becoming things of the past, and the habits of civilization are becoming a part of their everyday life. When the San Carlos reservoir shall have been completed and the Gila River Reservation watered the Indians will be in a condition to appreciate the advantages offered them, and will make rapid strides toward independence and good citizenship. When that time comes, with brick schoolhouses and churches dotting fertile lands, with their children well fed, going to and from school; with enough and to spare for their stock, it will be hard to find a happier and more prosperous people.

Four years ago the Indians claimed that the Government ought to keep them. Now that sentiment is entirely rooted out and a sense of their obligation to the Government has taken place. When opportunity to help themselves offers they are anxious to work. Their progress, however, must necessarily be slow until water is provided for their lands, the lands allotted in severalty, and each Indian made to feel that his success in life depends upon his own efforts.

They have always been a nation of farmers and need only water and a little competent instruction to undertake successfully any form of agriculture which may prove most profitable.

Their lands would be admirably adapted to the cultivation of the sugar beet, and that industry would prove very remunerative.

The Indians on the Gila River Reservation, granted water, could raise enough beets to justify the establishment of a good-sized beet-sugar plant, and I have been assured by capitalists that the factory would soon come if the industry were once established.

FORT APACHE INDIAN AGENCY.

Mr. C. W. Crouse, Indian agent at Fort Apache, submits the following report of the condition of the Apache Indians:

This reservation comprises about 2,000,000 acres, yet not more than 2,000 acres of it are fit for farming purposes on account of its mountainous character, and as there are only 2,000 Indians to whom this reservation belongs, it is seen that each Indian has only 1 acre of farming land, while he has almost a thousand acres of very rough mountainous land that is wholly unfit for use by Indians except for the purpose of stock raising. This reservation lies north of Salt River (Black River) in Gila, Navajo, and Apache counties. The northern fourth of the reserve, from the crest of the Mogollon Mountains, is covered with fine timber suitable for lumbering purposes, but it is of little benefit to the Apache for he is not allowed to use any of it, except what he can be induced to put in a house for himself. The law is such that he can not sell any of his timber after it has been made into lumber, even to contractors here on his own land.

It is said that there are some good mining prospects on this reservation. It would be a public benefit (including the Indians) should Congress make a law permitting. any citizen of the United States to prospect this reserve under proper restrictions, locate any property he chooses, and give the Indians 10 per cent of the output.

It would be a great wrong to throw open their land to so-called settlement of the whites, for there is no part of this reservation not already occupied that any white man would use as a home. Only cattle and sheep owners would be benefited in such a move, and, granting that it is a splendid place for stock raising by our white brethren, why would not stock grow on it just as well for Indians, when properly directed by their agent? In my opinion, the salvation of these Indians lies in the herding industry, and it is not at all visionary to say that within three years they can be made wholly self-supporting; in fact, they earn 75 per cent of their own support at present, for there is nothing furnished them except on the ground of charity; that is, for the very old and helpless, and to those who have not yet had an opportunity to help themselves.

It is not generally known, but it is a fact that the Indians of this agency never have been rationed only six months of the year, and they are better Indians because of it. They have been compelled to sacrifice a little more than their relations of the San Carlos Reservation, and they are better for it; yet they are not very good

Indians, their chief vices being drunkenness, gambling, lying, and bigamy. But the wonder is that they are not worse than they really are, for they have been propped up so long by the Government and have been compelled to sacrifice so little that they have grown careless, wasteful, and despondent.

Notwithstanding the notorious record of these Apaches and all that has been said about them to disparage, yet during the past year they have earned and sold more than $25,000 worth of the products of their own labor. They have received this amount of money from the sale of wild hay, corn, barley, charcoal, and wood to this agency and to the military at Fort Apache. During the ensuing two or three years it would be difficult for them to live if they had not the market at Fort Apache. I have so managed the affairs of the Indians here during the past year that they have now a credit of more than $9,000, which is about $4.50 per capita. This amount has been raised and saved in the following ways: I reduced their beef rations last year in amount 25 per cent, and by so doing saved for them $3,000, and I inaugurated the plan of grazing the lands they could not use themselves for want of stock, and I have already collected from this source more than $6,000. When the grass is not consumed by stock it is usually consumed by forest fires, and with it goes many thousands of dollars worth of fine pine timber. The intention of the Government is to have me invest about $10,000 in the purchase of sheep and cattle as a beginning of the herding industry, but you have already noticed that we have realized almost the amount to be expended.

SAN CARLOS AGENCY.

The Apaches are located on the Fort Apache and San Carlos reservations. By nature they are wild, nomadic, and warlike, and only within recent years have they adopted peaceful pursuits. They are now making steady advance, especially in agriculture.

Mr. Stephen James, acting Indian agent at San Carlos, submits the following description of the condition of the Apache Indians:

For years it has been estimated that the Indians here earn two-thirds of their living, one-third being supplied by the Government ration.

The census shows a decrease of 437 over last year. This is partly accounted for by the excess of deaths over births of 61 to 27. But the main cause has been the departure of a large number to earn their own living and seek homes off the reservation.

There were 325 Indians punished during the year for various petty offenses, and one was convicted in the courts of murdering his wife and was given a life sentence in Yuma.

The agent marries the Indians, and they are made to conform to the marriage laws of the Territory as nearly as possible.

The Indians have the reputation of being good workers; the main trouble being that they will not stay with a job. They worked on a road for a mining company at Bowie with entire satisfaction, and also near Globe. The Indians adapt themselves to any kind of labor very readily. There are a number who are fairly good miners. Many of them have lately been working for the Southern Pacific Railway. I do not think that they have the least desire or intention of making any trouble, as in the old days. The old ones are too old and the young ones are more familiar with baking powder" than any other kind.

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The following statements show the condition of the Indians in civilization, agriculture, and other pursuits:

Total Indian and mixed-blood population, 2,578; males, 1,225; females, 1,353; number of Indians who wear citizens' dress in part, 1,732; number of Indians who can read, 670; number of Indians who can use English enough for ordinary intercourse, 1,060; number of children of school age, 577.

Number of acres of land cultivated, 2,450; number of acres fenced, 7,000 (the Indians are required to work the roads on the reservation); bushels of wheat raised, 2,129; bushels of barley raised, 1,785; bushels of corn raised, 1,500 (this is the smallest crop in years on account of the severe drought).

Last year's crop was as follows: Wheat, 14,913 bushels; barley, 16,868 bushels; this was probably 20 per cent above the average.

Tons of hay cut by Indians, 180; cords of wood cut (sold at $6 per cord), 1,150; value of Indian products sold to the Government, $12,269; horses owned by Indians, 2,400; cattle owned by Indians, 1,004.