plant, lettuce, melons, peas, spinach, squashes, tomatoes, and other varieties of vegetables in yearly increasing number are successfully

grown.

FRUITS.

In northern Arizona, and in certain of the higher valleys where the climate is temperate in character, apples, cherries, pears, and peaches of excellent quality are grown, but only in small quantities, since the irrigated areas are small. Apricots, grapes, and raisins are shipped in considerable amount from Salt River Valley. Oranges and lemons of superior quality are produced in Salt River Valley and near Yuma. They have the commercial advantage of a season earlier than that of southern California, while, in addition, the fruit is uncommonly bright and attractive in appearance. This is due to the fact that the scale insects perish from the effects of the dry, hot atmosphere, leaving the fruit unmarred by their presence. Strawberries in skillful hands are a very profitable crop in southern Arizona, the entire product being marketed in the Territory. Figs grow luxuriently in southern Arizona, but require a constant and abundant supply of water in order to yield well. Almonds have been grown with varying success. great drawback to their culture is the late spring frosts, which are so likely to destroy the crop. For the past four years, however, the growers have in most instances succeeded in warding off the disastrous frosts by smudging their orchards at critical times. During this time heavy crops of the highest market value have been secured, especially in the vicinity of Mesa City.

The

This tree requires so abundant upon Experts state that

Olives are a promising crop in southern Arizona. comparatively little water, and the scale, which is the tree in California, is not found upon it here. the trees grown in Arizona are unusually bright and attractive in appearance and their fruit of good quality. The product of the olive tree, also, either in the form of pickles or oil, may be held for the best market, and is of small weight and bulk in comparison with its value, shipping charges being thus economized. It is not improbable that this fruit has a growing future in this region, since the demand for olive products is at present throughout the United States far in excess of the supply.

THE DATE PALM.

Experimental work with the date palm has steadily progressed during the year. Although large groves of these trees are found here and there throughout Sonora, many individuals having an age of 200 years or more, and although their product is a popular article of food with the Mexicans of this region, no systematic attempt has before been made on the Western Hemisphere to develop the full value of this useful tree.

The product is not only a palatable fruit, now mostly used as a luxury, but is an excellent food, especially suitable for hot climates. As a food, the date is the chief dependence of men, horses, and camels in the desert regions of Africa and Arabia, and its use as a staple in the United States is capable of indefinite increase. The annual importation of dates into the United States now amounts to about $400,000 in value, being an incentive to the establishment of a new industry which,

for climatic reasons, can only be developed in the hot, irrigated valleys of the semiarid Southwest.

The experimental date orchard, 3 miles south of Tempe, has prospered during the year, two large shipments from Egypt, Arabia, and Beluchistan having been received and planted. Eleven acres of palms are now in the ground, comprising 85 imported varieties and about 600

trees.

The large shipment brought from Algiers in July, 1900, has done surprisingly well in the new orchard, and at the present time (August, 1902) no less than seventeen of the transplants are bearing small bunches of fruit. It will be several years before the best varieties for this country may be finally determined, but there is little doubt that in time this experimental work will result in the establishment of a new agricultural resource in the Southwest.

MISCELLANEOUS PRODUCTS.

Bees produce an abundance of excellent honey in this region, depending in part upon alfalfa and in part upon the inflorescence of the mesquite, various acacias, and other wild vegetation. The Salt River and Gila valleys are stated to have produced $80,000 worth of honey in the season of 1899, largely shipped in carload lots to Eastern points.

Tobacco may be grown under irrigation, but its culture has not as yet received expert attention. Much of the native product is worked up by local manufacturers, chiefly for the Mexican trade.

Experimental work with Egyptian cotton, a valuable Old World long-staple variety, indicates that it produces excellent fiber here, but its commercial success is yet to be demonstrated.

In general, it may be stated that the combination of temperate and subtropical characters in the climate of this region, together with the intensive methods consequent upon irrigation, have combined to make possible an extraordinary variety of agricultural productions, for which there exists a ready market in the surrounding mining districts. These facts, when coupled with the experience necessary for success in a new region, combine to afford better than average returns to the Arizona farmer.

THE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION.

In a new country, rapidly filling up with settlers from regions of a different agricultural character, an agricultural experiment station may make itself useful to an unusual degree. The problems presented to the newly arrived Southwestern irrigator are largely foreign to his experience and difficult of solution. Reliable information, therefore, relating to soils, irrigating waters, crops, live stock, methods of farming, etc., are demanded and appreciated by our farmers.

The Arizona station is so organized and its work so distributed as to render all possible service to the various phases of agriculture in the Territory. The administrative office and the scientific laboratories are located in the university main building at Tucson. The range reserve for the study of grazing conditions is suitably situated 6 miles southeast of the offices. The station farm, where agricultural, horticultural, and stock-feeding work is carried on, is situated near Phoenix, in the midst of the largest farming district in the Territory. The date

orchard is 3 miles south of Tempe, Ariz., in an alkaline district for which it is desired to demonstrate a profitable branch of horticulture. The available publications of the station touch upon a wide variety of farming topics, and may be had upon request from the experiment station, Tucson, Ariz.

PUBLIC BUILDINGS.

During the year the Reform School for Juvenile Offenders, located at Benson, has been added to the public buildings of Arizona. The cost of this building is but $28,600, and for that amount of money one of the most substantial and imposing structures to be found in the Territory has been built. Additions to the building as it now stands will be made during the present year, embracing mainly improvements about the building. The reform school is 120 feet in length and 54 feet 6 inches in depth, being two stories in height, with a basement 50 by 35 feet under each of the two wings of the building. White tufa stone is used throughout the building, and the inside facing is of brick. A complete description of the building is presented in this report under the head of "Reform school for juvenile offenders."

The public buildings of Arizona are the capitol, located at Phoenix; the University of Arizona, at Tucson; the Territorial prison, at Yuma; the asylum for the insane, at Phoenix; the Northern Arizona Normal School, at Flagstaff; and the Tempe Normal School, at Tempe; and the reform school for juvenile offenders, at Benson.

The capitol building, constructed at a cost of about $130,000, is one of the finest public buildings possessed by any Territory, and would be a credit to many wealthy States. The building is 184 by 84 feet, and four stories in height. Accommodations are provided in the building for the various Territorial officials, the legislature, and the surveyor-general. The capitol grounds are extensive, comprising 10 acres, the capitol building commanding a central location and facing the main street of the city of Phoenix, which leads to the capitol grounds. The grounds are well cared for, and contain numbers of deciduous trees, palms, roses, shrubs, and cactuses.

The rotunda of the capitol is 44 feet in diameter and extends from the ground floor through all the stories of the building to a height of 78 feet, being surmounted by a dome which is crowned by a statue of Liberty 16 feet in height. The dimensions of the halls provided for the legislative bodies are 38 by 36 feet, and special attention has been given to the acoustic properties of these halls and to their ventilation. The gallery space in each hall has a seating capacity of between 200 and 300, and in the surrounding halls are the committee and other rooms required for the accommodation of the assembly. Spacious offices are also provided for the governor and other Territorial officers. The Territorial prison buildings are inclosed with a wall, the front and rear lengths of which are 290 feet, the sides being 321 feet long. This does not include the woman's department at the southwest corner, which is about 30 by 30 feet. The walls are 20 feet high, 8 feet thick at the bottom and 5 feet at the top, which is surmounted by a cement cap and coping. Inside of the walls is the cell house, 134 feet long by 65 feet, built of rock and iron. A building of adobe, 167 feet long by 34 feet in width, contains the engine room, boiler room, tailor and shoe shops, laundry and bath house, and library; and the kitchen

and dining-room building is also of adobe, 110 by 21 feet. The dining room is 75 feet long and 18 feet wide inside. Outside the walls are the office of the superintendent the same building, one story in height and 38 by 38 feet in size, being also used as a storehouse-and a twostory building for the sleeping accommodations of the guards.

The insane asylum consists of a main central building of brick, two wings of two stories, and basements. The main building is 100 feet long and 50 feet wide. A hall of 12 feet in width runs the entire length of the building. On each side of the central structure there is a wing 100 feet long and 40 feet in width, separated from the main building by a vestibule 16 feet wide. The outbuildings consist of a general dining room, 100 feet by 40 feet, with two wings each 16 by 20 feet. A building containing the engines, boilers, dynamos, and pumping plant, and the stables, carpenter shop, blacksmith and paint shops comprise the other buildings of importance. The ornamental grounds in front of the asylum contain 4 acres, tastefully stocked with trees, semitropical flowers, plants, and palms. The asylum is situated 2 miles east of the business section of Phoenix.

The normal-school building at Tempe is a commodious structure 136 feet long, 8 feet wide, and three stories high. The lower story is of brown sandstone, and the other two of pressed brick with sandstone trimmings. This edifice is beautiful in architectural design, convenient in arrangement, and substantial in construction. All things considered, the building is excellently equipped for the purposes of normal-school work.

The Northern Arizona Normal School is located at Flagstaff, in Coconino County, and is an important addition to the educational system of the Territory. The building is of stone, commodious, and convenient in its appointments. It is the finest public building in Arizona so far constructed, except the capitol.

A description of the university will be found under the head of "Education."

LABOR SUPPLY.

The labor supply in Arizona is almost always equal to the demand, although when extensive railway building is begun labor is frequently imported from adjoining States and Territories and from Mexico. Skilled labor employed in the mines is easily secured, owing to the constantly diminishing and increasing operations in the various mining regions, miners finding employment readily at new camps when they are thrown out of employment by the diminishing of the forces where they have been employed. Extensive railway building during the year has drawn large numbers of laborers to Cochise County from Texas and Mexico.

Labor is organized in most all of its branches, and during the year a Territorial organization, embodying all of the labor organizations, has been perfected.

The trades are represented by intelligent, skilled, and industrious men, and there have been but few instances in the history of Arizona where trouble has arisen between employer and employee.

Good wages are paid in all branches of trade, and contentment and peace prevail among laborers and employers.

THE PRESS.

The newspapers and other publications in Arizona are of a high class, conducted upon broad and liberal ideas for the betterment of the Territory and the communities in which they are published. The expression of opinions upon all matters of national, Territorial, and local importance is intelligent and forceful, and the influence of the press is recognized in the upbuilding of communities, the strengthening of public opinion upon all questions of material interest, and in the moral and social advancement of the people.

The various daily and weekly publications in the Territory are given as follows: The Arizona Star, Tucson (d.); The Tucson Citizen, Tucson (d.); The Tucson Post, Tucson (w.); Alianza, Tucson (w.); El Fronterizo, Tucson (w.); The Arizona Silver Belt, Globe (w.); The Globe Times, Globe (w.); The Pima Paragon, Pima (w.); The Safford Guardian, Safford (w.); Solomonville Bulletin, Solomonville (w.); Clifton Era, Clifton (w.); Morenci Standard, Morenci (w.); The Oasis, Nogales (w.); The Border Vidette, Nogales (w.); Tombstone Prospector, Tombstone (d.); Bisbee Review, Bisbee (d.); Bisbee Miner, Bisbee (d.); Douglas Dispatch, Douglas (w.); Douglas International, Douglas (w.); The University, Tucson and New York (m.); University Monthly, Tucson (m.); Native American, Phoenix (w.); Holbrook Argus, Holbrook (w.); Winslow Mail, Winslow (w.); St. Johns Herald, St. Johns (w.); Snips, St. Johns (w.); Coconino Sun, Flagstaff (w.); Williams News, Williams (w.); Mohave Miner, Kingman (w.); Our Mineral Wealth, Kingman (w.); The Arizona Arrow, Chloride (w.); Prescott Courier, Prescott (d.); Arizona Journal-Miner, Prescott (d.); The Prospect, Prescott (w.); Jerome Mining News, Jerome (w.); Jerome Reporter, Jerome (w.); Wickenburg News-Herald, Wickenburg (w.); The Arizona Republican, Phoenix (d.); The Arizona Democrat, Phoenix (d.); The Arizona Gazette, Phoenix (d.); The Phoenix Enterprise, Phoenix (d.); Southwestern Stockman, Tucson (w.); Saturday Review, Phoenix (w).; The Arizona and New Mexico Workman, Phoenix (m.); El Mensajero, Phoenix (w.); Tempe News, Tempe (d.); Mesa Free Press, Mesa (w.): Yuma Sun, Yuma (w.); The Arizona Sentinel; Yuma (w.); The Florence Blade, Florence (w.); Range News, Willcox, (w.); Press, Benson (w.).

STATEHOOD.

Arizona has passed through all of the various stages of Territorial growth, and to-day the magnificent development of its resources places the Territory so far advanced that to longer deny the star of Arizona a place upon the flag of our country is regarded here and abroad as an injustice to the people who have so faithfully borne the burden of a Territorial form of government for a period of thirtyeight years. The preparation in all that is required of a Territoryin population, in developed resources, in productiveness, in advanced social conditions, and in patriotism and loyalty to the country and humanity, has reached the highest aim of a great commonwealth.

During the past year the issue of statehood has been uppermost in the minds of the people of this Territory. The subject has been thoroughly studied and discussed by the citizens of every county

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