raising a flower;-wherever the inward idea must go before the outward manifestation, there man is and must be the creature of faith; and it is by faith that he procures his temporal as well as his eternal salvation."-Rev. Mr. Withington's Address, 1838.

APPENDIX D.

Some fourteen years ago, as I was one day walking along the Strand in London, I read on a conspicuous shop-sign the words, "WENHAM LAKE ICE." They carried me home at once, and I must needs go in and have a chat with the man who dealt in an article that had been produced within five miles of my birth-place. After listening to a copious descant on the excellent qualities of his commodity, I asked the voluble tradesman to give me the locality of this remarkable Wenham Lake. "Oh!" said he, "it is a very large lake-it is in a very cold country-and it is a great way off."

APPENDIX E.

The consequences, direct and indirect, of the French Revolution, so far as they affected the ownership of land in France and in England, were singularly unlike. After the murder and exile of the French nobility and gentry, their confiscated estates were subdivided and sold. The old laws of inheritance and primogeniture were abolished, and all the children, on the death of the parent, became entitled to equal shares of the

real, as well as of the personal property-a principle, which was afterwards incorporated in the Napoleonic Code. Under the operation of this law the land of France has been broken up into millions of small parcels, belonging to almost as many millions of small owners. These little patches, which, in some parts of the country, average less than half an acre in extent, are generally unfenced, and, for the most part, without roads or means of access, unless it be over the grounds of others. It is plain enough that such a state of things, whatever may be its political bearings, is unfavorable to agricultural progress.

A similar change in regard to the subdivision of landed property has taken place in the countries which lie north of France-in Prussia, and some other parts of Germany,-in Switzerland, and Northern Italy.

Very different was the effect, or, at least, the consequence of this great Revolution on the condition and ownership of land in England. There were, at the time referred to, many small farmers in that country-men of moderate means, who owned and cultivated the ground on which they lived. As a direct result of the long and costly war waged by the British government in behalf of royalty and the Bourbons, the taxes of England, and especially on landed property, were enormously increased. The small farmers, whose agriculture was none of the best, soon found it difficult to live. So they sold their patrimonial acres to the rich nobles and gentry around them. With the means thus obtained, they were enabled to lease and carry on farms, much larger and more profitable, than those which they relinquished. In this way the small English farmers gradually died out, and as a class, no longer exist.

It is undoubtedly true that many of those who now occupy, as tenants, the five hundred and thousand acre farms, are men of thrift and substance. Their wealthy landlords are, in the main, wisely liberal, not only giving long leases, but generally aiding in the outlay required for permanent improvements. In draining, for instance, they usually bear part of the expense.

No stronger proof, perhaps, of the immense advantage resulting from a highly improved agriculture can be given, than is found in the fact that many of these tenant farmers, after spending upon land not their own, from ten thousand to twenty thousand dollars, for lime, guano, drainage and costly farm implements, and, after paying (no slight matter there) all the taxes, are still able to lay by something for themselves.

But these successful cases, though there are many of them, must still be regarded as exceptions, and, when considered as arguments for the general arrangement under which they exist, are about as conclusive as the old plea for slavery on the ground that so many of the slaves appeared to be perfectly contented. To us it seems simply impossible, that a disparity so vast as that which now strikes every eye-and a condition so barren of comfort and of hope, as the present condition of the lower classes in England, can remain unchanged a great deal longer.

APPENDIX F.

GRASS. [See page 25.]

The superlative loveliness of a perfect, well-kept, ornamental lawn, is but just beginning to be seen and felt among us. The teachings of the NEW YORK CENTRAL PARK, in this respect, will not be lost. Fine examples, on a smaller scale, may be found around several of the NORTH RIVER Villas. The lawn will come in time. But, do we appreciate, as we ought, what we already have? The green covering of the varied, undulating ground? The verdant beauty of the hillside pasture-of the luxuriant field, and the low-lying meadow? Ask any intelligent, Essex County man, who, within the last two years, has traversed in weary marches, the grass

less plains of the CAROLINAS, whether he did not often sigh for the refreshing verdure of his native hills and vales. Here is something which a great English author has written concerning this simple, but inestimable gift-the grass:

"Consider what we owe merely to the meadow-grass, to the covering of the dark ground by that glorious enamel, by the companies of those soft and countless, and peaceful spears. The fields! Follow forth but for a little time the thoughts that we ought to recognize in those words. All spring and summer is in them-the walks by silent, scented paths-the rest in noonday heat-the joy of herds and flocks—the power of all shepherd life and meditation-the life of sunlight upon the world, falling in emerald streaks, and falling in soft, blue shadows where else it would have struck upon the dark mould of scorching dust-pastures beside the pacing brooks-soft banks and knolls of lowly hills-thymy slopes of down overlooked by the blue line of lifted sea-crisp lawns all dim with early dew, or smooth in evening warmth of barred sunshine, dinted by happy feet, and softening in their fall the sound of loving voices-all these are summed up in these simple words; and these are not all. * * There are also several lessons symbolically connected with this subject which we must not allow to escape us. Observe the peculiar characters of the grass, which adapt it especially for the service of men, are its apparent humility and cheerfulness. Its humility in that it seems created only for lowest service-appointed to be trod upon and fed upon. Its cheerfulness, in that it seems to exult under all kinds of violence and suffering. You roll it, and it is stronger the next day; you mow it, and it multiplies its shoots, as if they were grateful; you tread upon it, and it only sends up richer perfumes. Spring comes, and it rejoices with all earth-glowing with variegated flame of flowers-waving in soft depth of fruitful strength."-Ruskin.

THE PEACE AUTUMN.

BY JOHN G. WHITTIER.

An Ode written for the Society and sung at its anniversary, Sept. 26, 1865.

Thank God! for rest, where none molest,

And none can make afraid,

For peace that sits as Plenty's guest,

Beneath the homestead shade!

Bring pike and gun, the sword's red scourge,
The negro's broken chains,

And beat them at the blacksmith's forge
To ploughshares for our plains.

Alike henceforth our hills of snow,
And vales where cotton flowers;

All streams that flow, all winds that blow,
Are Freedom's motive-powers.

Henceforth to Labor's chivalry

Be knightly honors paid;

For nobler than the sword's shall be

The sickle's accolade.

Build up an altar to the Lord,

O grateful hearts of ours!
And shape it of the greenest sward
That ever drank the showers.

Lay all the bloom of gardens there,

And there the orchard's fruits;