Riley, FORT, a fortification of the left 133 killed and wounded on the field. United States in Geary county, Kan., on See MISSIONARY RIDGE, BATTLE OF. the Union Pacific Railroad, 4 miles north- Ringgold, CADWALADER, naval officer; west of Junction City, the county seat. born in Washington county, Md., Aug. 20, A military post was established here in 1802; entered the navy as midshipman in 1853, and, under the name of Camp 1819; was retired by reason of ill-health Centre, because it was the geographical in 1855; and was recalled to the active centre of the United States, was garri- list and promoted captain in 1856. At soned in 1855. Later in the same year the the breaking out of the Civil War he was name was changed to its present one in ordered to the command of the Sabine honor of Gen. B. C. Riley. In 1887, under and engaged in blockading Southern ports an act of Congress, this army post was and in operations against some of them. entirely transformed, enlarged, and equip. He was retired in 1864, and promoted ped to accommodate a permanent school rear-admiral on the retired list in 1866. of instruction in drill and practice for He died in New York City, April 29, 1867. the cavalry and light artillery service of the United States. The post now occupies 21,000 acres, and on a conspicuous site is a monument to the memory of the officers and men killed in the battles of Wounded Knee and Drexel Mission, in South Dakota, in 1890, culminations of the Messiah craze. Riley, JAMES WHITCOMB, poet; born in Greenfield, Ind., in 1853; is the author of The Old Swimmin'-Hole; Rhymes of Childhood; Old-fashioned Roses, etc. Ringgold, BATTLE OF. When, on Nov. Riots in the United States. The following is a list of some of the most important riots: Boston massacre. 1770 1788 1812, 1861 1837 1844 Astor Place riots in New York, growing Orange riot in New York between Catho lic and Protestant Irish; sixty persons killed.. ...July 12, 1871 Cincinnati. After a verdict of manslaughter in the Berner and Palmer murder trial, both having confessed the murder. Twenty untried murderers in the county jail. Six days' riot began..... ..March 28, 1884 .... May 4, 1886 Eleven Italians, implicated in the murder of David C. Hennessy, chief of police, are killed in the parish prison, New Orleans.. March 14, 1891 Carnegie iron and steel workers at Homestead, Pa. Strike lasted nearly six months; began. ....... Feb. 25, 1893 Federal troops ordered to Chicago during the railway strikes beginning... June 26, 1894 Anarchists in Chicago, Ill.. 25, 1863, the Confederates retreated from Missionary Ridge towards Ringgold they destroyed the bridges behind them. Early the next morning, Sherman, Palmer, and Hooker were sent in pursuit. Both Sherman and Palmer struck a rear-guard of the fugitives late on the same day, and the latter captured three guns from them. At Greysville Sherman halted and sent Howard to destroy a large section of the railway which connected Dalton with Cleveland, and thus severed the communication between Bragg and Burnside. Hooker, meanwhile, had pushed on to Ringgold, Osterhaus leading, Geary following, and Cruft in the rear, making numerous prisoners of stragglers. At a deep Ripley, ELEAZAR WHEELOCK, military gorge General Cleburne, covering Bragg's officer; born in Hanover, N. H., April 15, retreat, made a stand, with guns well 1782; was a nephew of President Wheeposted. Hooker's guns had not yet come lock, of Dartmouth College; studied and up, and his impatient troops were per- practised law in Portland; was in the mitted to attack the Confederates with legislature of Massachusetts, and was small-arms only. A severe struggle ensued, and in the afternoon, when some of Hooker's guns were in position and the Confederates were flanked, the latter retreated. The Nationals lost 432 men, of whom 65 were killed. The Confederates See STRIKES. chosen speaker of the Assembly in 1812. He was also State Senator. In March, 1813, he was appointed colonel of the 21st Infantry. He was active on the Northern frontier until appointed brigadier-general in the spring of 1814, when he took part RIPLEY-RITTENHOUSE in the events on the Niagara frontier. and was prominent in the BROOK FARM For his services during that campaign he ASSOCIATION (q. v.) In 1840-41 he was received from Congress the brevet of ma- associate editor with Ralph Waldo Emerjor-general and a gold medal. General son and Margaret Fuller of the Dial, the Ripley left the army in 1820; practised organ of the New England Transcendenlaw in Louisiana; was a member of the talists; and with Charles A. Dana, Parke State Senate; and was a member of Con- Godwin, and J. S. Dwight, of the Hargress from 1834 till his death in West binger, an advocate of socialism as proFeliciana, La., March 2, 1839. He was pounded by Fourier. From 1849 until his wounded in the battle at York, and in the death Mr. Ripley was the literary editor of sortie at Fort Erie he was shot through the New York Tribune. In conjunction the neck. These wounds caused his death. with Charles A. Dana, Dr. Ripley edited Ripley, EZRA, clergyman; born in Appleton's New American Cyclopædia (16 Woodstock, Conn., May 1, 1751; graduated volumes, 1857-63), and a new edition at Harvard in 1776; ordained in 1778. (1873-76). He died in New York City, In a pamphlet entitled A History of the July 4, 1880. Fight at Concord, he proved that though the enemy had fired first at Lexington, the Americans fired first in Concord, his own town. He died in Concord, Mass., Sept. 21, 1841. Ripley, GEORGE, editor; born in Greenfield, Mass., Oct. 3, 1802; was an able writer and a most industrious man of letters, having edited, translated, and written numerous works on a great variety of subjects, and gained a wide reputation as a scholar, editor, and journalist. He graduated at Harvard University in 1823, and Cambridge Divinity School in 1826; became pastor of the Thirteenth Congregational (Unitarian) Church in Boston; GEORGE RIPLEY. Ripley, JAMES WOLFE, soldier; born in Windham, Conn., Dec. 10, 1794; graduated at the United States Military Academy in 1814; served in the War of 1812, participating in the defence of Sackett's Harbor. During the Seminole War he was engaged in the capture of Pensacola and San Carlos de Barrancas. He received the brevet of brigadier-general in 1861, and later was promoted to full rank. He died in Hartford, Conn., March 16, 1870. Ripley, ROSWELL SABINE, soldier; born in Worthington, O., March 14, 1823; graduated at the United States Military Academy in 1843; served in the Mexican and Civil wars, and in 1861 was appointed brigadier-general. He published, in 1849, a History of the Mexican War. He died in New York City, March 26, 1887. Rittenhouse, DAVID, astronomer; born in Roxboro, Pa., April 8, 1732; was of German descent. His great-grandfather established at Germantown, in 1690, the first paper-mill in America. Accidentally falling in with instruments and mathematical books of a deceased uncle while working on his father's farm, David had mastered Newton's Principia and independently discovered the methods of fluxions before he was nineteen years of age. He early became a skilful mechanic, and, at the age of twenty-three, planned and constructed an orrery, which was purchased by Princeton College. He afterwards constructed a larger and more perfect one for the University of Pennsylvania. In 1763 he was employed in determining the MASON AND DIXON'S LINE (q. v.), and afterwards fixed other State boundaries. In 1769 the American Philo sophical Society appointed him to observe the transit of Venus at Philadelphia. He erected a temporary observatory for the purpose on the Walnut Street front of the State-house. It is said that the emotion of Rittenhouse was so great at the apparent contact at the time of the transit that he fainted. In Philadelphia Rittenhouse continued his manufacture of clocks and mathematical instruments several years. From 1777 to 1779 he was treasurer of Pennsylvania; in 1791 he succeeded Franklin as president of the American Philosophical Society; and from 1792 to 1795 was director of the United States Mint. He was a member of the Academy of Arts and Sciences of Boston. He died in Philadelphia, June 26, 1796. River and Harbor Bills. The first bill for harbor improvements in the United States was passed March 3, 1823. Polk in 1846 and Pierce in 1854 vetoed such bills. In 1870 a $2,000,000 appropriation was made, the largest amount up to that time. River Raisin, Mich., is remarkable in history as the place of a massacre on Jan. 23. 1813. General Winchester, with about 800 Americans, was encamped on that river, and at dawn, on Jan. 22, General Proctor, with 1,500 British and Indians, fell upon them. After a severe action Winchester surrendered, under promise of protection from the Indians. But Proctor marched off, leaving no guard for the Americans. His Indians returned, and killed and scalped a large number of them. The American loss was over 300 killed (mostly after the fight), and the rest were made prisoners. The British lost 24 killed and 158 wounded. Rives, WILLIAM CABELL, diplomatist: born in Nelson county, Va., May 4, 1793; was educated at Hampden-Sidney and William and Mary colleges; studied law under the direction of Jefferson, a member of the State constitutional convention in 1816; of the State legislature in 1817-19 and in 1822, and of Congress in 1823-29; was minister to France in 1829-32; and United States Senator in 1832-45. He was again minister to France in 1849-53. He sympathized with the secession movement, and in February, 1861, was a member of the peace congress. After Virginia joined the Confederacy, he became a member of the Confederate Congress. He died near Charlottesville, Va., April 25, 1868. Rivington, JAMES, journalist; born in London, England, about 1724; was engaged in bookselling in London, and failing, came to America in 1760, and established a book-store in Philadelphia the same year. In 1761 he opened one near the foot of Wall Street, New York, where his New York Gazeteer, a weekly newspaper, was established in April, 1773. It was soon devoted to the royal cause, and his trenchant paragraphs against the "rebels " made him detested by the Whigs. To sarcasm he added good-natured ridicule. Isaac Sears, a leader of the Sons of Liberty, was so irritated by him that, with a company of light-horsemen from Connecticut, he destroyed Rivington's printing establishment in November, 1775, after which the latter went to England. ROACH-ROANOKE ISLAND JAMES RIVINGTON. in New York City, where he built the first compound engines made in the United States. He purchased the shipyards in Chester, Pa., in 1871, and under the name of the Delaware River Iron Shipbuilding and Engine Works enlarged them till their value was estimated at $2,000,000. Here he built about 114 iron vessels, including the cruisers Atlanta, Chicago, Boston, and other vessels for the United States navy. He died in New York City, Jan. 10, 1887. Roanoke, FIRST VOYAGE TO. See AMIDAS, PHILIP. ROBBSH. BATTERY FORT 8 GUNS RED STONE P REBELS WIERS P RLEMANNS PT U N D MANN HOUSE OFORT HUGER REBEL F REBELS SURREN ROAD TO NORFOLK WISE RET A T 7 Roanoke Island was discovered by Amidas and Barlow in July, 1584, and taken possession of in the name of Queen Elizabeth. These navigators spent sevAppointed king's printer in New York, eral weeks in explorations of that island he returned late in 1776 with new print- and Pamlico and Albemarle sounds, and ing materials, and in 1777 resumed the in trafficking with the natives. "The publication of his paper under the title people," wrote the mariners, "were most of Rivington's New York Loyal Gazette. gentle, loving, and faithful, void of all Late in the year he changed it to Royal guile and treason, and such as lived after Gazette. Shrewd and unscrupulous, after the defeat of Cornwallis (1781), he perceived the hopelessness of the royal cause and endeavored to make his peace with the Whigs by secretly sending information to Washington concerning public affairs in the city. This treason was practised until the evacuation of the city by the British. When the loyalists fled and the American army entered the city (1783), Rivington remained unharmed, to the astonishment of those not in the secret. He changed the title of his paper to Rivington's New York Gazette and Universal Advertiser. But his business declined, as he had lost the confidence of both Whigs and Tories, and he lived in comparative poverty until his death in July, 1802. Roach, JOHN, ship-builder; born in Mitchellstown, Ireland, in 1815; came to the United States in 1829 and secured employment in the Howell Ironworks of New Jersey; later founded the Aetna Iron-works FLEETWOO N LAN FT.BLANCHAR ALB COL JORDAN & PORCE ELBARTON CAPTURED VEEKIMS CENT REDOBT LIGHT HOUSE S SOUTH PT. CEDAR FT N. DUCKL NAG'S HEAD Ι A&N Α FEB.67 L S. DUCKI S FORT D' UN MAP OF ROANOKE ISLAND. the manner of the Golden Age." They Island became historically conspicuous. were hospitably entertained by the moth- Early in 1862 an expedition was fitted er of Wingina, King of Roanoke, who out at Hampton Roads for operations was absent. When they left they took against the island. It was composed of with them Manteo and Wanchese, two over 100 war-vessels and transports, comdusky lords of the woods from the neigh- manded by Commodore L. M. Goldsborboring main. Raleigh sent a squadron ough, and bearing 16,000 troops under under Sir Richard Grenville in 1585 to Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside. The armaRoanoke Island, who took back the native ment left the Roads on Sunday, Jan. 11, chiefs. Grenville sent Manteo to the main- 1862, with its destination unknown exceptland to announce the coming of the Eng- ing to certain officers. The land force lish, and for eight days Sir Richard ex- was divided into three brigades, command divided into two columns for action, intrusted respectively to the care of Commanders S. F. Hazard and S. C. Rowan. Its destination was Pamlico Sound, plored the country in search of precious ed respectively by Gens. J. G. Foster, J. metals, and by his conduct made the L. Reno, and J. G. Parke. The fleet was natives his enemies. Ralph Lane, who went with Grenville as governor of the country, was delighted with it, as being one of the most fertile regions he had ever beheld; but he contented himself through Hatteras Inlet, and its chief with searching for gold. His colony, half starved, and afraid of the offended Indians, deserted Roanoke Island in one of Drake's ships. Other attempts to settle there failed. object was the capture of Roanoke Island, which the Confederates had strongly fortified with batteries which commanded the sounds on each side of it. There was also a fortified camp that extended In the American Civil War Roanoke across a narrow part of the island. |