A further comparison will show the relation of the birthrate to the density of population, the value of manufactured product per capita, and the value of agricultural product both per capita and per acre of improved land. (Tables V and VI). The average density of population per square mile of area of settlement in 1880 was 31.96. In thirtynine States and Territories the birth-rate and the density of population are opposed (Table VI). Twenty-three of these have a high birth-rate and a low rate of density; and twenty-two of these twenty-three are States and Territories in which the death-rate from nervous diseases is below the average. Sixteen of the thirty-nine States and Territories in which the birth-rate and the density oppose each other have a low birth-rate and a high rate of density, and in thirteen of these the deaths from nervous diseases are above the average; or, stating the result in another way,-all of the thirteen States and Territories in which the death-rate from nervous diseases is high have a population of more than average density. TABLE V. BIRTH-RATES AND FACTORS OF ECONOMIC CONDITION, 1880. TABLE VI. COMPARISON OF BIRTH-RATES AND FACTORS OF ECONOMIC Alabama +29.2 -16.7 -7.46 +$1.15*+$0.94 Arizona -13.1 -43.7* -26.44* +3.19 -28.92* -91.21 -8.9 -16.83 +4.41* +10.46* -98.08 -20.58* -2.17 Colorado -13.6 -43.1* -27.01 +0.38 -18.26* -33.12 Connecticut +96.56 +3.18 -15.19 +191.71 -33.8 -25.33 -2.86 -2.32 -88.94 +42.84 District of Columbia -24.4 +65.5 +2700.74 +32.96 -41.21 -39.60* +7.2* -23.90 +0.08* -5.81 +0.40* -0.65 -82.87 -27.8 +2.36* -67.52 4.2* -5.1 +13.86 -31.68* 10.8 +39.67* -62.77 Kansas +28.9 +8.34* -75-53 -1.82 -5.29 -60.61 Louisiana -11.26 +7.88* +1.51* -80.75 +16.52 Maryland -4.7 +15.6 +62.86 +0.86 -13.26* +7.71 -30.56 +247-46 Michigan. +3.22 +11.58 —14.43* Minnesota -14.69 -0.94 +19.25* -9.08 Mississippi +12.18* -99.86 Missouri +0.12* -30.23 -27.56 -0.06 +7.60* -59.62 Nebraska. +41.5 -36.9 +25.98* -78.69 Nevada. -5.3 -32.6* -26.66* +0.52 New Hampshire -55.9 +23.6 +7.90 -1.93 -5.28 +106.70 New Jersey New Mexico +14.1 -83.8 -28.25 0.23* -28.24 -95.75 New York -33.6 -9.08⭑ +106.12 North Carolina. +27.2 +0.21* -7.07 -92.14 Ohio -14.9 +18.7 +2.41 Oregon. +17.5 -13.2 -24.84 -1.75 +31.62* -43.95 +63.22 +1.87 -13.88* +67.41 Rhode Island. +222.91 +4.53 South Carolina +35.1 -29.0 Tennessee +31.2 -18.5 +1.04* +2.18* -2.82 -89.69 +4.98* -0.46 -3.86 -30.84 +270.18 -82.47 Texas. +59.9 -11.9 -19.22 -2.62 -3.15 -93.48 Utah +71.4 -33.0 -23.16 +0.25* -20.93 -76.46 Vermont -38.8 -1.05* +22.35 -12.14* -2.40 -13.88 -72.27 -28.36 +0.93* +11.97* 63.23 +30.7 -8.6 -12.88 -69.53 --9.00 -63.28 In Table VI. the birth-rate is compared also with the value of agricultural products per acre of improved land. The statistics for agricultural products thus given indicate the intensity of cultivation as well as the fertility of the land that is cultivated, rather than the general character of the industry of the State. In thirty-one States and Territories the value of the agricultural products per acre of improved land is opposed to the birth-rate, and in twenty-five of these the opposition coincides with that for the density of population and the birth-rate; in twenty-four it coincides with the opposition for nervous diseases and the birth-rate, and in twenty-one the opposition for all three coincides; that is, the density, the death-rate from nervous diseases, and the value of agricultural products per acre of improved land oppose the birth-rate in twenty-one States and Territories.* The statistics for the value of the agricultural products per capita, though they are computed on the basis of the total population, and are therefore of less scientific value than if computed on the basis of the purely agricultural population, indicate to a certain extent the general industrial character of the States and Territories. When compared with similar statistics for the value of manufactured products per capita, (Tables V. and VI.), they show plainly in which States and Territories agriculture is the chief industry, and in which manufactures prevail. The birth-rate follows the value of the agricultural products per capita in twenty-seven States and Territories (Table VI.), partially carrying out the general induction that agricultural conditions favor the birth Of these twenty-seven States and Territories, ten of the thirteen in which both the birth-rates and the agricultural values are low are States in which the value of manufactures per capita is high, and three (California, Illinois, and Ohio), which have a birth-rate below the average and Note that Illinois, Indiana and Michigan correspond in density, value of agricultural product, and the birth-rate, and that Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia correspond in deaths from nervous diseases, value of agricultural product, and the agricultural values above, have also a high value of manufactured products per capita. In Tables V. and VI. a comparison is made between the birth-rate and the net value of manufactured products per capita. Like the statistics for the value of the agricultural products per capita, these are based upon the total population, and not upon that part of it engaged in manufacturing. They indicate, however, which are the distinctly manufacturing States; namely, California, Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island. These States have a value of manufactured products per capita above the average value per capita in the United States. In forty States and Territories the birth-rate and the value of the manufactured products per capita are opposed, twentyseven having a high birth-rate and a low value of manufactured products. Twelve of these have also a low density of population, a low death-rate from nervous diseases, and a low value of agricultural products per acre of improved land. Of the remaining thirteen, which have a low birth-rate and a high value of manufactured products, nine have also a high density of population, a high death-rate from nervous diseases, and a high value of agricultural products per acre of improved land. In other words, twenty-one of the forty-seven States and Territories cohere in density, deaths from nervous diseases, agricultural values per acre of improved land, and the value of manufactured products per capita, and have a birth-rate opposed to all of these factors. If the factor showing the intensity of agricultural cultivation be omitted, the results are even more noticeable. In thirty-seven States and Territories the value of the manufactured products per capita coheres with the death-rate from nervous diseases and opposes the birth-rate, and in four States the three cohere; thus in forty-one of the forty-seven States and Territories the value of the manufactured products per capita and the deaths from nervous diseases cohere. |