Reports were received from the mission in Jamaica, where with 18 churches the board employed 18 missionaries; Bilaspur, India, where 4 missionaries were employed, and schools, an orphanage, zenana work and medical work were sustained, and a hospital was in course of erection; and the United States, where 22 missionaries were either located in one of 15 towns or doing evangelistic work; while other workers were sustained by appropriations from the board, which passed through intermediate agencies. Mr. A. M. Atkinson presided at the forty-third annual meeting of the General Christian Missionary Convention, which met Oct. 18. Excluding the funds of the Boards of Church Extension and of Negro Evangelization and Education, the convention had received during the year $41.301. It had employed 67 missionaries and agents, by whom 165 churches had been assisted, 69 new places visited, and 27 churches organized, and who reported 1,006 conversions on their fields of labor. The reports of the work carried on by the several State organizations in co-operation with the General Convention were not complete for the present year. In 1891 these bodies had employed 338 missionaries, who had held meetings in 1,706 places, visited 352 new places, organized 172 churches and 320 Sunday schools, and returned 12,221 baptisms, $136,609 raised for evangelization and for the support of pastors, and $162,118 raised for local work. The State organizations were represented as growing in strength and efficiency. The Board of Church Extension had received $21,760; its total resources on hand, including loans, notes, pledges coming due, etc., were $134,730. Since the institution of this fund, in 1888, the receipts had shown an almost uniform increase each year of about $3,000 over the previous year. Twentyeight loans, aggregating $11,900, had been granted and paid during the year, and 52 loans, aggregating $25,900, had been granted and were yet to be paid. The board had received during the year $6.888 in loans returned and $1,597 of interest on loans; and from the beginning, $13,653 of loans returned, and $3,779 of interest. This showing was regarded as very favorable, and as proving that the money loaned out actually comes back to do the same work over again. The Board of Negro Evangelization reported

that the Southern Christian Institute for the Education of the Negro had about 100 students, 8 of whom were preparing for the ministry. The institute possesses an estate of 800 acres in Mississippi. The meeting of the Foreign Christian Missionary Society was held Oct. 19, Mr. C. L. Loos presiding. The receipts for the year from all sources had been $74,071, of which $3,750 had been derived from the sale of interest-bearing securities, leaving the net income $70,321. The bequests had amounted to $1.751. The expenditures aggregated $75,981. Fifty-six missionaries and 48 helpers were employed in China, India, Japan, Turkey, the Scandinavian countries, and England. There were returned from the several mission fields 252 members in Japan, 85 in India, 679 in Turkey, 653 in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, and 1,103 in 5 out of 8 stations in England, with 30 boys in the school at Nankin, China. Independent work of an evangelistic character had also been undertaken

by disciples among nonchristian peoples beyond the seas; but as no account was made of it to the society at its meeting it does not appear in the report. The report to the General Convention of the Standing Committee on Christian Union expressed gratification at the increasing interest manifested in bringing about a more intimate union among all who profess and call themselves Christians. The Christian Endeavor movement, the McAll Mission in France, the Brotherhood of Christian Unity, and the union movements and ecumenical meetings taking place among the different denominations of the same family-as the Methodists, Presbyterians, and Baptists-were mentioned as promoting or illustrating this tendency.

DOMINION OF CANADA. Parliamentary. The annual session of Parliament opened on Feb. 25 and closed on July 9, lasting one hundred and thirty-six days, and being, as is believed, the longest on Canadian record. In his opening speech, after referring to divers matters of now obsolete interest, the Governor-General called attention to the fact that, during the recess, three of his ministers had gone to Washington and conferred with representatives of the Administration of the United States on certain named subjects, conclusions on which are still pending, and went on to say:

An amiable understanding was arrived at respecting the steps to be taken for the establishment of the boundary of Alaska, and for reciprocity of services in cases of wrecks and salvage. Arrangements were also reached for the appointment of an international be adopted by the United States and Canada for the commission to report on the regulations which may prevention of destructive methods of fishing and the pollution of streams, and for establishing uniformity of close seasons, and other means for the preservation and increase of fish. A valuable and friendly interchange of views respecting other important matters also took place.

In accordance with the promise given at the close of the last session, a commission has been issued to investigate the working of the Civil-service act, and other matters connected with the civil service generally. The report of this commission will be laid before you during the present session.

It is desirable that the fishery regulations in British Columbia should be examined and revised, so as to adapt them better to the requirements of the fisheries in that province. A commission has been issued with that object.

An important measure respecting the criminal law, which was laid before you fast session, has been revised and improved, as a result of the expression of views elicited by its presentation to Parliament, and will be submitted to you. Your attention will also be directed to measures for the redistribution of seats consequent upon the census returns; the establishment of the boundaries of the territories; and the amalgamation of the Departments of Marine and Fisheries. Bills will also be presented to you for the amendment of the Civil-service act, the acts relating to real property in the territories, and of those respecting the fisheries.

The sessional business of the House of Commons began by the Speaker's informing the House that, out of 215 members elected in the spring of 1891, the judges selected for the trial of election petitions, pursuant to the Dominion Controverted Elections act, had declared the seats of 31 to be void. Consequently writs had to be issued for new elections in all these cases. He also informed the House that, in the case of 35 other

business, and to the recklessness and ignorance of a large majority of the enumerators who were intrusted to collect statistics-men for the most part said to have been appointed to that duty owing to their electioneering capacity.

Ministerial. The only change in the ministry has been the resignation of Mr. Dewdney, of the Interior, to accept the governorship of Brit

EAST AFRICA, a geographical division of the African continent lying east of the Congo State dominions and the former Equatorial Provinces of Egypt, and including the Portuguese territory in the south. The whole region is now partitioned out among European powers. By arrangement, Great Britain and Germany have divided the country north of the Portuguese colony of Mozambique, as far as the Somali coast, which has been conceded to Italy. The Anglo-Portuguese agreement delimits the British and Portuguese spheres in the south.

British East Africa. The territory acquired by the Imperial British East Africa Company under a British protectorate has been called Ibea, from the initials of the company's

name. In 1888 the Sultan of Zanzibar leased to the company, which was organized under the presidency of Sir William Mackinnon, the coast lying north of the German sphere of influence, and extending from the right bank of the Umbe river, as far as the Ozi, including the coast stations of Kau and Kipini. In 1889 he ceded to the company all his stations and his territorial rights north of Kipini, including the ports of Kismayu, Brava, Merka, Magadosho, Warsheik, and Maroti and the islands of the coast and in Manda Bay. In 1889 the company arranged to transfer to the Italian Government the parts lying north of Kismayu. In 1890 the German Government ceded to the company the sultanate of Vitu and its claims on the Somali coast and in the islands of Manda and Patta. In 1891 the company obtained from the Sultan of Zanzibar, in consideration of an annual payment to him of $80,000, a perpetual grant of all his territory north of the Umbe and as far as the Juba. The coast line of the British sphere is about 400 miles. The southern boundary stretches in a northwestern direction from the mouth of the Umbe, and, leaving Mount Kilimanjaro in the German sphere, strikes the shore of Victoria Nyanza in 1° of north latitude. Crossing the lake, it follows the same parallel to the boundary of the Congo, except at Mount Mfumbiro, which is included by a loop in the British sphere. On the north the Juba divides the British from the Italian sphere. The boundary-line leaves the river in 6° of north latitude, and follows that parallel as far as 35° of east longitude. This meridian is agreed on as the line of demarcation between the English and Egyptian sphere in the Blue Nile region on the one hand, and the Italian sphere in Abyssinia and Gallaland on the other. In the south the boundary of the Congo State forms the western limit of the British sphere, but in the north no limits are set. The region of the upper Nile formerly subject VOL. XXXII.-16 A

ish Columbia, and the filling of his place by J. C. Patterson, member of Parliament for North Huron. In November, Sir John Thompson and Messrs. Bowell and Chapleau met at Halifax a delegation from the Newfoundland Government, when the long-standing difficulties between that island and Canada were fully and amicably arranged.

to Egypt, which reluctantly evacuated the country under British compulsion, is recognized as falling within the British sphere of interest, which includes farther southward the countries of Uganda, Unyoro, Usoga, Ankori, Mpororo, Koko, and a part of Ruanda. The area is estimated at 1,000,000 square miles. The customs revenue in 1888 was $36,000; in 1889, $56,000; in 1890, $70,000. The trade is carried on mainly by native merchants of India, the Banians. The chief exports are cloves, grown on the islands, ivory, India rubber, gum, copra, coir, orchilla weed, and hides. The imports are cotton goods, copper wire, beads, and other common trade articles. Harbor works and other extensive improvements at Mombasa, the principal port, have been made by Indian workmen at the cost of the company. Telegraphs connect the other ports with Mombasa, which is connected with Zanzibar by a cable. A telegraph has been constructed to Lamu, and surveys have been made for a railroad to the Victoria Nyanza. The armed force of the company consists of 200 Soudanese, 200 Sikh soldiers, and bodies of native levies. Permanent advanced posts were established in 1891 at Machakos, situate on a healthy elevated plateau 250 miles from the coast, and at Mengo, the capital of Uganda.

Uganda.-Uganda is a large and powerful equatorial state, on the northern shore of Victoria Nyanza. The area of the kingdom proper is 20,000 square miles, while Usoga and other vassal states bring up the total to about 70,000 square miles. The official title of the King is Kabakawa Buganda (Emperor of Uganda) and Overlord of Unyoro, Usoga, Karagwe. etc. His power is restricted by the Lukiko, or Privy Council, which is composed of the Katikiro (chief judge) and the Aba-saya (great chiefs), appointed by the King. The present King, Mwanga, who succeeded his father, Mtesa, in 1884, was deposed in favor of his eldest brother, Kiwewa, who in turn was dethroned and succeeded by his youngest brother, Kalema. Mwanga was reinstated in 1889 by the aid of Christian missionaries and traders. The country during those years had been the scene of civil strife between the Christian and Mohammedan parties, and latterly between the Roman Catholics and Protestant Christians. Those, however, in 1890 combined their forces against the Mohammedans, who were threatening to take possession of the country, and expelled them. Captain F. D. Lugard, who had been dispatched thither by the British East Africa Company, arrived in December, 1890, and concluded a treaty securing for them certain rights in the administration of finance, the army, and the foreign and internal affairs of the kingdom. Captain W.

H. Williams was sent with a small force of Soudanese to re-enforce him, and arrived at Uganda on Jan. 31. Lugard had built a strong fort, in a commanding place at Kampala, and his influence had been greatly increased. In February he endeavored to form a court of arbitration for the disputes about land and slaves. The King became more amenable, and acted as arbitrator in a burza of the 16th. His decision was regarded as unfair by the Protestants, and the whole country got under arms. Lugard and Williams, however, with the Soudanese and Maxim caused them to disperse and return quietly to their homes. Further friction occurred, and murders on both sides were common, until, at Lugard's instigation, two laws were passed, one providing that a chief should not evict a man from his shamba without the order of the burza, and the other that the dwellers on a shamba should do the work of the chief immediately over them, and he again of his superior, providing the customary tribute irrespective of party or creed. The Roman Catholic chiefs became more reconciled, and were ready to abide by Lugard's decisions.

In March, 1891, he determined to face the Mohammedans, who had formed an alliance with the Wanyoro and were threatening invasion. A native army of several thousand, in addition to his force of two hundred, was assembled, and the Mohammedans and their allies were met and routed on the northwest frontier. After this Lugard went westward to Lake Albert, and northward to Mount Ruwenzori and the Semliki, for the purpose of making treaties and breaking the power of Kabba Rega, of Unyoro. The natives, who were at first suspicious, afterward became friendly. On Lake Albert, mines of salt, more valuable in this region than gold, were found, and forts were built for their protection. As a result of the expedition, Ankole, a territory as large as Uganda, southern Unyoro, and Toru, were added to the company's possessions, and access was obtained to the great ivory preserve around Lake Edward. At Kavalli, on the southern shore of the lake. Lugard met Selim Bey, a former lieutenant of Emin, after the latter had passed northward, and persuaded him to assist in maintaining the authority of the British East Africa Company in Unyoro and Uganda pending the approval of the Khedive. They moved out from Kavalli with a combined force of over 1,200 men and 9,000 camp followers. A fort was erected at Kabaregas, fifteen days' march from Kavalli, and a garrison of four companies was left under charge of Captain Rehan. Four other forts were also built in the neighborhood and garrisoned. Lugard and Selim, with the remainder of their men, then arrived at Mengo, on Dec. 31, 1891, and found the British flag flying over Fort Kampala, of which Williams was in command.

During Lugard's absence war between the rival parties had been narrowly averted. In the early part of December Mwanga sent 4 Roman Catholic chiefs with 500 rifles to kill Mulondo, a Protestant chief in Kyagwe, but owing to the representations of Williams they were recalled. After the arrival of a supply of ammunition from the company and the news that Lugard was close at hand in the Budu country with Selim's re-enforcements, Mwanga sent word that he de

sired to become a Protestant. On the representations of the French priests that the English company proposed an early withdrawal from the country, he regained confidence and became defiant. About Jan. 5 Lugard received orders to evacuate Uganda, but they were afterward rescinded. After the arrival of the French bishop, on Jan. 12, quarrels began to spring up daily between the two parties, and on Jan. 22 a Protestant was murdered by the Roman Catholics. The King declined to punish or surrender the murderer, who had taken refuge in the royal grounds, and answered the protests of Lugard by threatening to exterminate the company's forces at Kampala if he endeavored to see justice done. On the night of the 23d the Roman Catholic party, who for a few days previously had been massing in great numbers, beat the war drums, and the next day got under arms. Five hundred rifles were served out to the Protestant leaders for distribution. Another Protestant was murdered, and a man was surrendered as the murderer, who, they were certain, was not the right man, while the King and his counselors adhered to their determination regarding the original criminal. Negotiations were still pending, when a part of the Roman Catholic and Protestant forces opened fire at the foot of Mengo, near the ex-missionary Stokes's garden. The latter were victorious, and drove down their enemies toward the King's fences, burning their houses. Sembera Mackay, a leading Protestant chief, was killed. A large body of Roman Catholics came down to attack Fort Kampala, in which the Eng-. lish missionaries had gathered for safety. The two Maxims of the fort opened fire, and about 40 were killed by the first volleys. The attacking force retreated, but rallied at the top of the hill and drove back the Katikiro and his men toward the fort and burned his house. Lugard ordered out Williams and the Soudanese, who soon settled matters, the Katikiro's and Pokino's men reforming behind him, and the Roman Catholics were driven far away toward the lake and took refuge on the islands. The day thus ended in victory for the Protestants, who were in complete possession of the city. The residence of the priests had been destroyed, and they were brought to the fort. The King, with 300 rifles and his wives and wealth, took refuge in the small island of Burenguge, 500 or 600 yards from the mainland, where the Christians had so long withstood the Mohammedans. Lugard then made endeavors to persuade the King and his chieftains to return, and letters were received from the former saying that he was willing, but could not because he was detained and guarded. The French bishop was sent with overtures of peace, which did not meet with a favorable response. Wadi Mafutaa, Stokes's head trader, was then commissioned to tell Mwanga that, unless he returned at once, the Mohammedans would be called in and their Sultan, Mbogo, made King. A final letter was sent on the 29th, allowing all Roman Catholics bark except the two leading instigators of the war. On the morning of the 30th the Protestants went down to attack the island, accompanied by Williams with the Maxim, to cover their landing. As a result, about 33 canoes were sunk and between 300 and 400 men, women, and children were shot

or drowned, while all the property on the island was looted. The King and the Roman Catholic bishop escaped to Sesse island, a stronghold of their party. From this also they were dislodged, and took refuge in the Buddu country, and thence the King fled to Bukoba, German territory. The British party at Kampala then found themselves in a precarious position, with 1,000 mouths to feed, the Roman Catholic party threatening on the left, the Mohammedans on the front, the Fubalauji, or native heathen party, on the right, and the Protestant party daily dwindling away. Williams proceeded to the German station of Bukoba to bring up the Remington ammunition which Lieut. Langheld, the officer in charge, had offered the company, and to secure the return either of Mwanga or his two nephews, who were under the charge of a French priest on the south shore of the lake in the German sphere. His mission proved unsuccessful, and Lugard began to open negotiations for the purpose of seating the Mohammedan King, Mbogo, on the throne. On the 21st of March, however, 4 Roman Catholic chiefs arrived at Kampala with overtures of peace, which Lugard refused to consider unless the King returned. The Sekibobo and others accordingly went back to get him, and succeeded in their mission, and he arrived at Kampala on March 30. He declared that he had been detained by the Roman Catholics, who had determined to kill him rather than allow him to return, and he accused the Roman Catholic bishop of having been the instigator of war in the first instance, and also of counseling its continuance when on the island. Negotiations were immediately opened up for a division of the country between the 3 parties, and envoys from the Mohammedans arrived on the day following the return of the King. After much controversy, the Roman Catholics were located in Buddu, the Protestants in the region about Mengo, while the Mohammedans were also given a strip of Uganda on the surrender of their King. On the 1st of June the temporary treaty made by Lugard on his arrival was made perpetual. Mwanga declared himself at one with the company's officer and that religion should be free. On June 16 Lugard left Mengo for the coast with Capt. Macdonald and his surveying party, who had arrived at Kampala on the 9th.

The British East Africa Company obtained in March, 1892, a vote of £20.000 for the survey of the Mombasa and Victoria Railway, and shortly afterward, not receiving expected governmental aid, notified the Salisbury Government of their intention to withdraw from Uganda at the end of 1892. In September Lord Rosebery, in behalf of the Gladstone Government, sent a letter agreeing to the evacuation, but stipulating that the company should prolong their stay till the end of March, 1893, to avoid the dangers of an immediate withdrawal. For this purpose the sum of £12,000 was voted by the Government. German East Africa.-The German sphere borders on the British sphere on the north and on the Free State of the Congo on the west. On the south it is bounded by a line running from the south end of Lake Tanganyika north of the Stevenson road to the north end of Lake Nyassa, and thence to the Indian Ocean by the Rovuma river. The area is estimated at 345,000 square

The

miles, and the population at 1,760,000. coast line was leased to the Germans for fifty years by the Sultan of Zanzibar in 1888, and in 1890 the Sultan Ali ceded his sovereign rights in return for a payment of 4,000,000 marks. Most of the stations founded by the Germans in the interior and on the coast were abandoned in 1889 in consequence of a revolt of the Arabs. On the restoration of peace commercial enterprise revived. The German Government is represented by an imperial commissioner. The value of the exports for the year ending Aug. 17, 1889, was 2,847.100 rupees, and of the imports about 2,150,000 rupees. The export of ivory was 1,197,251 rupees; of gum copal, 364,289 rupees; of caoutchouc, 306,805 rupees; of sesame, 250,679 rupees. In 1890 the exports to Germany were 489,000 marks, and the imports from Germany 320,000 marks.

After the suppression of the Arab revolt and the execution of its leader, Bushiri, the backbone of the slave trade seemed to have been broken, and the native tribes were being held under control. But after the abrogation of martial law in favor of civil government, the natives began to rebel against taxation, and insurrections occurred. The Wadigos, a powerful tribe, went on the warpath and closed the caravan route between Tanga and Kilimanjaro. Captain Kreuzler, the commandant at Tanga, marched against them, but was driven back to the station. Serious disaffection was also created among the Arabs and Hindoos owing to the inexperience and inefficiency of the young German lieutenants intrusted with judicial authority by Baron von Soden, who had dismissed the officers trained in African service by his predecessor. In June, 1892, the Germans met with a serious reverse in Moshi territory. Meli, Mandara's son and successor, a boy of fourteen, evinced a strong hatred to the Germans and lost no opportunity to bring about war. He occupied the fort called Moshi, which had been built by Herr von Zalewski, but which had been abandoned by Dr. Peters for the new Kilimanjaro station at Marongu. Meli refused to obey the command of Baron von Bülow, Peters's successor, to abandon his position. The German troops, consisting of 2 officers, 2 noncommissioned officers, and 180 native soldiers, endeavored to dislodge him. Within a short distance of the station Lieut. Wolfram was killed, and the party was attacked by about 3,000 Wadshaggas, 1,000 of whom possessed breechloaders. The Germans formed a square and fired with great rapidity, but were unable to repel their adversaries, who fought with the greatest courage, and Von Bülow, who had been twice wounded, gave orders for a retreat. He was carried off the field on a hammock, and in the retreat received a wound that proved fatal. The German loss was 32, including both officers, while the native was estimated at about 40. The 47-centimetre gun which the expedition took with them fell into the hands of the Wadshaggas. The German force retreated to Gonga, part taking refuge at Fort Mareny, which was afterward evacuated. A relief party was sent out under the chief Johannes, and the station at Kilimanjaro was reoccupied without fighting. About the same time the native warriors in Usagara formed