there was no reasoning with them. The moment there was a bad showing for business, the proprietors lost the sympathy of the men. The latter would not permit a reduction of wages, and they even declared that they preferred to go back to the old method of employment in which they had no share of the profits. was ordered that the present book be continued as authorized for use until further action be had in the premises. The sources of information in preparing this article are the Journal of the General Convention of 1892, Pott's "Church Almanac," and Whittaker's "Protestant Episcopal Almanac." The following table presents a summary of statistics of Church progress from 1889 to 1892: Alabama.. PROGRESS BY DIOCESES. Central New York. To generalize from all these facts, it appears that the great army of the employed desire fixed wages in some shape as a basis upon which profitsharing may be built afterward; and that the employers who make profit-sharing a success are those who succeeded as small employers a generation ago, before the advent of the great corporations. Co-operation as known in its old form, though proved fairly applicable to distribution, has usually failed when applied to production. In profit-sharing, the element of weakness which was fatal to co-operation-the impossibility of finding men of sufficient ability to manage great producing operations on the terms which co-operation offered-is successfully met by a limited and carefully adjusted proportionate interest of the workmen in the business of their employer, with just so much voice in the management of affairs as their interest entitles them to, and no more. A most valuable work upon profit-sharing has recently been published Iowa... by Nicholas Paine Gilman. Mr. Gilman believes that the time has come to identify more completely the interests of the wage-earner and the wage-payer, and that, so far as change of method can go, profit-sharing has greater promise of good than anything else that has been suggested. Kansas Maine.. Milwaukee. Nebraska DIOCESES. 85 1,363 1,210 6,196 184 116 5,763 4.155 17,662 16 633 563 2.200 105 8,597 2,552 9,901 109 110 PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH IN THE UNITED STATES. The year 1892, being that of the meeting of the General Convention, was full of interest and importance for Episcopalians. During the last three years efforts have been continued in order to bring about a satisfactory reunion among Protestant Christians. and the proposal made by this Church has been much discussed on the part of the chief denominations in the United States. As was pointed out three years ago, the question as to the "historic episcopate," and in how far that is necessary to constitute and perpetuate a valid ministry, after the pattern of the early Church, is the crucial question. Until this is agreed upon and decided, there appears to be little ground for hope of accomplishing an actual, working reunion. The matter remains in much the same condition in which it has been during past years. Between 1889 and 1892 there has been time for a fair and much needed trial of the proposed changes in the Book of Common Prayer. The convention of the Church, held in Baltimore, in October, 1892, as was expressly required, gave the whole subject New Mexico and Arimost careful consideration, and the revised and amended Prayer Book was finally adopted and published. The Hymnal of the Church, not being quite satisfactory, had been placed in the hands of a commission of experts, in 1889, for further enlargement and enrichment. This commission reported in favor of adopting the Hymnal submitted by them; but, owing to some dissatisfaction in the Church in regard to the omission of a considerable number of old favorites in the existing Hymnal, the matter was not definitely settled by this convention. VOL. XXXII.-43 A It zona DICTIONS. North Dakota.. Western Texas. Yedo.. Shanghai and Yang- Total 17 4,250 8,327 183,310 125,788 565,305 Number of dioceses Number of missionary jurisdictions.. 52 18 76 582 313 4,250 1,806 Bishops. Candidates for orders. Priests Deacons.. Whole number of clergy. Lay readers.. Number of parishes. 8,327 Church edifices (2,281 being free churches and chapels).. Rectories 4,581 1,521 Beyond the diocese.. Aggregate, or total.. 565,805 209,967 Missions assembles), and it is charged with taking all necessary action in regard to the missionary work of the Church. The Board of Managers is 3,865 selected from the Missionary Council, compris ing the presiding bishop as president, and 15 other bishops, 15 presbyters, and 15 laymen. This board is charged with the management of the general missions of the Church, and, when the Board of Missions is not in session, it 183,310 exercises all the corporate powers of the Domes125.788 tic and Foreign Missionary Society. All other 49,198 bishops of the Church, together with the secre96.238 tary and the treasurer of the society and of the Board of Managers, are ex officio members of the 42,828 Board of Missions, but have not the right to 898,878 10,246 vote. The board divides its work between a domestic and a foreign committee, with headquarters, mission rooms, etc., in New York city. The triennial meeting of the Board of Missions was held in Emmanuel Church, Baltimore, Oct. 7, and by adjournment there were held sessions on six other days. The meetings were largely attended, and ardent zeal in the good cause was manifested. Eloquent addresses were made by clergymen and laymen, and high hopes were expressed of being able, by God's help, to increase the efficiency of the society's work both at home and abroad. 78 49 62 129 13 20 73 $3,205,384 49 88,630,256 56 8,780,858 74 $40,566,529 79 The General Convention.-This body, which under the constitution of the Protestant Episcopal Church is the supreme legislature of that church, meets triennially, in the place appointed from time to time. In 1886 it met in Chicago, and in 1889 in New York city. In 1892 it assembled in Baltimore, Md., Oct 5, and continued in session until October 25, inclusive. There were 58 of the bishops present, and clerical and lay deputies from all the dioceses, and delegates from 12 missionary jurisdictions. The convention consists (as it has from the beginning) of two houses, which hold sessions as distinct bodies, viz., the House of Bishops and the House of Clerical and Lay Deputies; but concurrent action is necessary to any complete, valid legislation. In addition to regular business which requires attention, such as amendments to the constitution and canons, reports of standing and special committees, the state of the Church, education and progress, etc., the chief features of interest to Episcopalians in general this year were, the final adoption of the new, revised Prayer Book, with some discussion as to the new Hymnal (referred to above), the largely increased work of the Church at home and abroad, and the like (noted at the beginning of this article). Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society. The society which has this as its legal title comprehends all persons who are members of the Protestant Episcopal Church. Its work is conducted by the Board of Missions, which consists of the bishops of the Church, of the members of the House of Deputies, of the delegates from the missionary jurisdictions, and of the Board of Managers. For facilitating business, and securing as full attendance as possible, the board holds its sessions at the same time and place with the General Convention. A Missionary Council is appointed at every triennial meeting of the General Convention, consisting of all the bishops, an equal number of presbyters, and an equal number of laymen. Its meetings are held annually (except in the years when the Board of Domestic Missions.-Sept. 1, 1891, to Sept. 1, 1892: Missionaries (13 missionary jurisdictions and 34 dioceses): Bishops, 12; other clergy (white, colored, Indian), 535; teachers, other helpers, etc., 60; total, 595. The financial condition was as follows: Cash in hand (September 1891), $33,215.63; offerings, etc., $215,192.35; legacies, $43,961.38; special. $44,671.48; legacies for investment, $27,250. Total, $364,290.74. Expenditures (15 missionary jurisdictions and 36 dioceses), $119,669.16; missions among Indians and colored people, $96,317.42; specials, $44,645.20; office expenses, salaries, printing, etc., $19,613.55; legacies on deposit, etc., $27,492.36; return of trust fund, etc., $29,500; balance in hand, $27,058.05. Total. $364,290.74. Foreign Missions.-Sept. 1, 1891, to Sept. 1, 1892: Number of missionary bishops, 3; number of clergy (white and native), 65; teachers, physicians, helpers, etc., 237; total, 302. The financial condition was as follows: Cash on hand (September, 1891), $12,841.86; offerings, general fund, legacies, etc., $218,177.43; specials for Africa. China, Japan, Haitian Church, etc., with other specials, $30,173.32;. legacies for investment, $27,250; personal loan of the treasurer, etc., $22,189.48. Total, $310,632.09. Expenditures on account of missions, etc. (including Haiti and Mexico), $174,285.96; specials for China, Africa, Japan, with other specials, $27,377.69; salaries, rent, office expenses, etc., with printing, $19,705.91; legacies for investment, $27,400; return of trust funds, loan, etc., $42,689.48; balance in hand, $19,173.05. Total, $310,632.09. The mission property at foreign stations is estimated to be worth in Africa, at Monrovia, Cape Palmas, and other localities, some $42,600; in China, at Shanghai, Wuchang, Hankow, Pekin, etc., fully $170,000; and in Japan, at Tokio, Osaka, and Nara, over $80,500. Total, about $300,000. Church in Hayti.-This Episcopal Church, though independent, is not strong enough as yet to be self-supporting; consequently it seeks aid from the Episcopal Church in the United States. A commission of the House of Bishops has it in charge, and it receives help from the Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society. Aid was extended during the year to the amount of $8,959.33. Statistics: Bishop, 1; other clergy, 13: teachers, lay readers, etc., 39. The estimated value of mission property at Port au Prince is $6,480; at Jérémie, $7,500; at Aux Cayes, $3,300; and at four smaller places, $2,450. Total, $19,730. Protestant Episcopal Churches in Europe, under the charge of a bishop of the American Church In France, 2; in Germany, 1; in Italy, 2; in Switzerland, 3; clergy, 7; churches, 6; rectories, 2; hospital, 1. The baptisms numbered 34; confirmations, 56; communicants, 973; marriages. 11: burials, 27; Sabbath-school teachers, 8; Sabbath-school pupils, 91: contributions, $26,605; estimated value of church property, about $25,000. The Woman's Auxiliary to the Board of Missions renders important and efficient aid in all departments, by means of parochial, city, county, and diocesan associations of ladies, formed for the purpose of raising money, preparing and forwarding boxes to missionaries and mission stations, and in various other ways giving help to the missions of the Church. Money raised for domestic, foreign, Indian, freedinen, and other missions, 1891-'92, $154,323.72; boxes for the same (4,255), value, $197.724.21; total in money and boxes, $352,047.93. Entire work of the Woman's Auxiliary in money and boxes for twenty-one years (1871-'92), $3,623,505.60. The American Church Missionary Society (also auxiliary to the Board of Missions) employs missionaries in both the domestic and foreign departments. It has 47 missionaries laboring in 22 dioceses and missionary jurisdictions. Since 1889 this society has been actively engaged in forwarding missionary work in Brazil and Cuba. In the former are 16 laborers and 10 stations. In the latter, natives of the island do the work, 2 being in orders received in the United States. Several schools have been opened and are well attended. Altogether, the prospect is very encouraging. The financial condition, Sept. 1, 1892, was as follows: Balance, September, 1891, $10,007.40; received for domestic missions, $17,274.43; received for foreign missions, $10,757.47; specials, $708.23; balance, September, 1892, $22,402.43; total, $61,149.96. This society has also in securities, property, etc., $135,500. Church Work in Mexico.-This is placed under the direct supervision and control of the presiding Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church, the constitution of the Mexican Episcopal Church being temporarily in abeyance. There is an advisory committee in the United States to the presiding bishop, consisting of 3 bishops, 7 presbyters, and 9 laymen. The Rev. W. B. Gordon, superintendent, has been sueceeded by Rev. Henry Forrester, who is now the priest in charge. Clergy, 6; churches and organized missions, 32; baptisms, 126; communicants, 1,200; in mission schools, 400; value of church property, $46,500. The American Church Building Fund Commission, established in 1880, continues to do good and efficient work. The trustees in charge keep steadily in view the raising the fund to $1,000,000, as was proposed at the first. In their report (September, 1892) the trustees say as to this point: "While the accumulation of the fund has been much less rapid than was hoped in the beginning, yet we feel that we can thank God and take courage. The great amount of good which has been accomplished by the means at command shows what could be done by a fund of adequate extent, and should be an incentive to generous donations." The fund has increased to date to $225,960.89; in 1889 it stood at a little less than $177,000. More than 200 loans have been made during the year (mostly in small sums from $300 to $500), amounting to $121,701.54. The Society for promoting Christianity among the Jews (also auxiliary to the Board of Missions) reports fair progress during 1892. The attitude of the Jews toward the work in hand is more encouraging. The society has missionaries diligently occupied in the good cause in six of the large cities. There are 4 missionary day schools, and 8 or 10 other schools. New publications have been added to those formerly issued, and these, with the Holy Scriptures and the Prayer Book, have been put into circulation in English, Hebrew, German, and other languages. Financial condition: Balance in hand Sept. 1, 1891, $1,669.11; total receipts for fiscal year (September, 1891, to September, 1892), $12,978.70 $14.647.81. Disbursements for the fiscal year, $11,638.51; balance in hand, $3,009.30; total, $14,647.81. General Condition of the Church's Affairs. -Since the General Convention of 1889, 5 of the bishops have died, viz.: Bishop B. H. Paddock, of Massachusetts; Bishop C. F. Knight, of Milwaukee; Bishop W. J. Boone, of Shanghai; Bishop J. N. Galleher, of Louisiana; and Bishop G. T. Bedell, of Ohio. Eleven out of the ranks of the presbyters have been consecrated bishops, viz.: W. A. Leonard, D. D., Bishop of Ohio; T. F. Davies, D. D., Bishop of Michigan; A. R. Graves, D. D., Missionary Bishop of the Platte; W. F. Nichols, D. D., Assistant Bishop of California; E. R. Atwell, D. D., Bishop of West Missouri; H. M. Jackson, D. D., Assistant Bishop of Alabama; Davis Sessums, D. D., Assistant Bishop of Louisiana; Phillips Brooks, D. D., Bishop of Massachusetts; I. L. Nicholson, D. D., Bishop of Milwaukee; C. K. Nelson, D. D., Bishop of Georgia; and C. R. Hale, D. D., Assistant Bishop of Springfield. The Committee of the House of Deputies on the State of the Church opens its report with gratulations on the final adoption_and_publication of the new, revised, amended, and enriched Prayer Book, and urges upon both clergy and laity freely and faithfully to use it, not only for personal advantage in spiritual things, but also as an admirable means of spreading abroad the truth of God as this Church holds it. As to Christian unity, no marked results have been reached as yet of efforts in this direction; but in the Pastoral Letter of the Bishops it is urged upon all to be patient, to continue in steadfastness, and to hold out loving hands to all men, so that the Lord's last prayer shall find its answer. Higher and fuller training is urged in the matter of the ministry, and the power of the living voice is earnestly presented. Parents are affectionately urged anew to the importance of consecrating some one or more of their sons to the sacred ministry, as well as to yield up beloved daughters to the solemn service of ministering in the Lord's behalf where alone they can do the imperatively needed work. Noting, in conclusion, that the Church sends forth this year 7 mission QUEBEC, PROVINCE OF. The most prominent political event of 1891, in this province, was the fall of the local Premier, Count Mercier, and his colleagues, and the advent to power of the De Boucherville administration. The new ministers were at once confronted by the necessity of adopting direct taxation as the only means by which the Government could be carried on. The following preamble, common to three different provincial acts, assented to on June 24, 1892, explains the position in which M. De Boucherville and his colleagues found themselves: Whereas, The funded debt of this province, on the 30th of January, 1887, was $18,155,013.33, and on the 17th of December, 1891, had been increased to $25,209,873.33, and the ordinary expenditure had been increased from $3,032,771.45, in the year ending 30th of June, 1886, to the sum of $4,095,520.45 for the year ending 30th of June, 1891, and to an estimated expend iture of $4,436,907.50 for the year ending 30th of June, 1892, and the total expenditure has been increased from $3,532,742.27, in the year ending June 30, 1886, to the sum, for the year ending 30th of June, 1891, of $5,871,394.86, and to an estimated expenditure for the year ending 30th of June, 1892, of the sum of $6,247,997.96; Whereas, also, the floating debt of this province, on the 17th of December, 1891, exclusive of claims and petitions of right, and of the loan of 20,000,000 francs falling due on the 16th of July, 1893, amounted to a sum of over $8,000,000; Whereas, although, during the last five years, additional taxes have been levied, yet the ordinary revenue was 32,948,999.69 for the year ending 30th of June, 1886, and only $3,457,144.32 for the year ending 30th of June, 1891, and an estimated revenue of $3,392,106.71 for t > year ending 30th of June, 1892, and is totally inadequate to meet the increased expenditure; Whereas, the present revenue is insufficient to meet the increased expenditure and additional burdens put on this province, and it is expedient and necessary to levy new taxes to meet such debts and obligations; Therefore her Majesty, etc., enacts, etc. Then it is enacted that all members of the liberal professions, which are held to be advocates, notaries, physicians, dentists, land surveyors, civil engineers, and architects, practising within the limits of the province, pay a direct tax, viz., those who reside in incorporated cities and towns, to pay an annual sum of $6; those who reside in other municipalities of the province, an annual sum of $3. All members of the Executive Council of the province, members of the civil service, and public employees and officers receiving a fixed salary, are to pay a direct tax of 23 per cent. upon their salaries of over $400. The professionals are to pay on or before the first judicial day in October of each year. or incur the penalty of a fine equal to double the Q ary bishops, the Fathers of the Protestant Episcopal Church thus bring their letter to an end: "So, brethren, we are set in our high estate and called to our high and holy calling, to prepare the world which He has redeemed for the coming of its Lord and ours; to watch, and wait, and toil; to do our day's work faithfully, looking in unfaltering hope for the hour when the awakening cry shall ring across all earthly nights and days, Behold, the King cometh!' and his knock shall shake the gates of mortal life!" tax, recoverable with costs before any court of competent jurisdiction. In the case of executive councilors and public officials the tax is to be retained monthly out of their salaries. Further, on the sale, transfer, assignment, or exchange of immovable property within the province, not exceeding $5,000 in value, there is to be levied a tax of 1 cent per dollar upon the bona fide value of the property sold, etc., payable one half by each of the parties to the transaction; in case of such parties understating such value, the tax is to be doubled. In the case of succession to the property, movable or immovable, of deceased persons, the successor is to pay a tax of from 1 to 10 per cent. upon its value, according to his propinquity of relationship to the deceased. These measures are probably only the insertion of the wedge, since it would be an intensely long task for Quebec to get rid of her pecuniary difficulties by these means alone. Meanwhile the De Boucherville administration began legal proceedings against Mercier and his principal agent, Pacaud, for virtual malappropriation of the public funds. It was not denied that these two financiers had done what was laid to their charge, yet they were acquitted of that charge by a Quebecois jury; and Count Mercier was afterward chaired by his friends, who have probably taken this means of expressing their views of direct taxation. Late in November a Quebec judge decided, on appeal, that the above-mentioned "act respecting duties on successions and on transfers of real estate" was ultra vires of the Provincial Legislature; but there is no probability that such a decision will be sustained. Among other phenomenal acts of the last Legislature was one that provides for free grants of, in each instance, 100 acres of Crown lands to the father or mother of a family of 12 children living and born in lawful wedlock. By another such act, widows and spinsters, otherwise qualified as by law provided, are entitled to be entered on the list of electors, and to vote at all municipal elections, in any city, town, village, or rural municipality, and also to vote for school commissioners and trustees. Quebec has thus become the first of the Canadian provinces to confer the franchise, at municipal elections, upon women. During the latter days of the year, Hon. J. E. Chapleau accepted and assumed the duties of Lieutenant-Governor, vice Hon. A. R. Angers, who took a portfolio in Sir John Thompson's Cabinet. |