Francis Kernan, of Utica; but before admission to the bar he accepted a tutorship in Hamilton College as more congenial. In 1849 he became adjunct professor of rhetoric and moral philosophy; and in 1853, professor of logic, rhetoric, and elocution. While in the latter office, which he held for seventeen years, Dr. Upson became the leading instructor in oratory in the United States. One of his friends said: "He combines in a rare degree the faculties of acquisition and communication, and is able to impart knowledge and inspire enthusiasm. The high rank of Hamilton College in the matter of preparation for the rostrum and the pulpit, the use of the pen and the use of the tongue, is mainly attributable to the genius and talent of one who could condescend from the professor's chair to give a stammering, awkward student such painstaking drill as that to which Demosthenes owed his oratorical efficiency." Another said: "There is no other living man who can train young men in speaking and writing as he can do it. In his hands, rhetorical training becomes a fine art." Still another wrote: Taking the system of Mandeville as a basis, he enlarged and improved upon it in many ways, with the result that no institution in the country could compare with Hamilton in its training of speakers. The eloquence this college has contributed to the pulpit and the bar has been due to Prof. Upson's painstaking instruction to an extent that it would be difficult to estimate. Nor was his influence limited by the professions named, but it extended to all callings which those who were under him went out into the world to follow. For he was peculiarly a teacher of, and a sympathizer with, young men outside of as well as in the midst of the class-room routine. His readings, his lectures, and his sermons always found eager listeners and left lasting impressions upon the mind of his hearers." In 1856 Dr. Upson began to study theology; in 1859 he was licensed to preach by the Presbytery of Utica, and in 1868 he was ordained. His only charge was over the Second Presbyterian Church of Albany, N. Y. where he was the immediate successor of Rev. William B. Sprague, D.D., author of Annals of the American Pulpit," who had just resigned after a pastorate of forty years. After occupy ing this place for ten years, from 1870 to 1880, Dr. Upson resigned to take the chair of sacred rhetoric and pastoral theology in Auburn (N. Y.) Theological Seminary. Failing health obliged him to resign in 1887, since which time he has been emeritus professor and has lived in retirement at Glens Falls, N. Y. Hamilton College gave him the degree of D.D. in 1870; and Union College, of LL.D. in 1880. Dr. Upson was a trustee of Hamilton College, 1872-1874, resigning in the latter year to become a regent of the University of the State of New York. He was vicechancellor of the university, 1890-1892. In September, 1892, he was elected chancellor of the university, in place of George William Curtis, deceased."

Dr. Upson was a delegate to the Evangelical Alliance, in Belfast, in 1884: member of the Presbyterian General Assembly in 1871, 1877, and 1884; preacher at Cornell University, 1876; prize orator, Young Men's Association, Utica, 1845; alumni orator at Hamilton College, 1849;

orator of literary societies, Rochester University, 1857, and at Vermont University, 1857: orator of Phi Beta Kappa at Union College, 1864, and at Hamilton College, 1870; orator of Sigma Phi, Williams College, 1869; orator of literary societies, Rutgers College, 1865; at Vassar College, 1868; and at Elmira College, 1881. While still connected with Hamilton College, Dr. Upson delivered over 300 lectures, mostly in the Western and the New England States. He has contributed liberally to reviews. Among his published works are these: "Historical Address at the Laying of the Corner Stone of the Utica Orphan Asylum (1860); "A Defense of Rhetoric (1864); "The Outside of Books" (1865); "Notions about Names" (1866); "The Bible Imperishable" (1872); "Memorial of Rev. W. B. Sprague, D.D." (1876); “1817 compared with 1871" (1877); "The Imperial State" (1879); Address at the Inauguration of President Darling, Hamilton College" (1881): "Memorial of Charles J. Folger, Secretary of the Treasury of the United States" (1884); "Rhetorical Training for the Pulpit" (1880); and "The University of the State of New York” (1892).

66

URUGUAY, a republic in South America. The Republic declared its independence from Spain, on Aug. 25, 1825, the Constitution being proclaimed Sept. 10, 1829. The Congress consists of a Senate of 19 members, 1 from each department, elected for six years by an electoral college, and a House of Representatives with 69 members, 1 for each 3,000 inhabitants, elected for three years by direct suffrage. The President is elected for four years; the present incumbent of the presidential chair being Dr. J. Herrera y Obes, elected President for the term ending March 1, 1894. The following is the Cabinet as composed in the beginning of 1892: Minister of the Interior and Justice, Gen. L. G. Perez; Minister of War and Marine, Gen. P. Callorta; Minister of Agriculture, Industry, Instruction, and Public Works, A. Capurro; Minister of Finance, Dr. C. M. Ramurez Minister of Foreign Affairs, Dr. M. Herrero y Espinosa.

Area and Population.-The area of Uruguay is estimated at 72,110 square miles, with a population in 1890 of 706,524, which estimation is stated to be below the actual population, which is supposed to number 748,915. The number of marriages in 1891 was 3,524; births, 28,696; deaths, 13,146; excess of births. 15,550. The active army in 1892 numbered 223 officers and 3.221 men, the police troops about 3,200 men, and the National Guard 20,000 men. The navy consists of 2 gunboats, 1 steam sloop, and 5 small steamers, manned by 22 officers and 162 men in 1892.

Finances.-The total revenue for the financial year ending June 30, 1891, was 14,954,500 pesos, of which 10,000,000 pesos were derived from customs; 1,800,000 from direct contributions; 950,000 pesos from patent fees; and 2,204,500 pesos from various sources. The expenditures amounted to 14,589.513 pesos, of which 545,146 pesos were for the legislature; 64,636 pesos for the President; 149,758 pesos for foreign affairs; 2,028,112 pesos for the general administration; 1.172,707 pesos for finance; 1,222,885 pesos for justice, worship, and instruction : 3,397,068 pesos for war and marine; and 6,009,231 pesos for the

public debt. The public debt amounted on Jan. 1, 1891, to 89,848.851 pesos.

Commerce.-The total imports amounted to 18,978,000 pesos in 1891, of which 5,477,000 pesos came from Great Britain, 2,476,000 pesos from France, 1,844,000 pesos from Germany, 1,826,000 pesos from Spain, 1,685,000 pesos from Brazil, 1,956,000 pesos from Italy, 1,578,000 pesos from the Argentine Republic, 928,000 pesos from the United States, 736,000 pesos from Belgium, 209, 000 pesos from Cuba, 127,000 pesos from Chili, 96,000 pesos from Paraguay, 25,000 pesos from Portugal, and 20,000 pesos from other countries. The total exports amounted to 26.998,000 pesos, of which 6,284.000 pesos went to France, 4,961,000 pesos to Great Britain, 4,712,000 pesos to Brazil, 3,580,000 pesos to Belgium, 2,472,000 pesos to the Argentine Republic, 1,849,000 pesos to the United States, 1,473,000 pesos to Germany, 562,000 pesos to Italy, 348,000 pesos to Cuba, 227,000 pesos to Spain, 184,000 pesos to Portugal, 168,000 pesos to Chili, and 178,000 pesos to other countries. The principal exports were wool of the value of 8,207,000 pesos; hides and skins. 7,624,000 pesos; meat, 3,501,000 pesos; extract of beef, 2,135,000 pesos; animals, 1,509,000 pesos; tallow, 1,504,000 pesos; hair, 410,000 pesos. There were 1.092 ocean vessels entered in 1891, of 1,429,661 tons, of which 658, of 1,154,477 tons, were steamers, and 959 vessels, of 1,283,049 tons, cleared, of which 635, of 1,074,036 tons, were steamers. (For communications, see the Annual Cyclopædia " for 1891.)

UTAH, a Territory of the United States, organized Sept. 9, 1850; area, 84,970 square miles; population in 1890, 207,905. Capital, Salt Lake City.

Government.-The following were the Territorial officers during the year: Governor, Arthur L. Thomas; Secretary, Elijah Sells; Treasurer, Josiah Barnet; Auditor, Arthur Pratt ; Commissioner of Common Schools, Jacob S. Boreman; Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Charles S. Zane; Associate Justices, Thomas J. Anderson, John W. Blackburn, James A. Miner. Judge Anderson resigned during the year, and President Harrison appointed G. W. Bartch to succeed him, in January, 1893.

United States Marshal Ellis II. Parsons resigned in September, and was succeeded by Irving A. Benton.

Finances. The receipts of the Territory for 1890-91, the last biennial period reported, were $1,477,140.31, and the expenditures, $1,500,413.80.

Classification of Population.-A census bulletin recently issued gave statistics of population of the Pacific States and Territories, by which it appears that of the 207,905 of population in 1890, 110,463 were males and 97,442 were females, the excess of males being 13,021. The native born numbered 154.841, against 53,064 foreign born. The total number of colored persons in the Territory was 2,006; this includes Chinese, Japanese, and civilized Indians as well as persons of African descent. The proportion of foreign born to native born people in Utah is less than in Montana, Wyoming, Arizona, Nevada, Washington, and California. And her colored population is less in proportion to the whites than that of any of the Pacific States and Territories.

The total number of children in Utah between the ages of five and seventeen was 67,465, of whom 62,463 were native born and 5,002 foreign born.

was

The number of males of militia age in Utahthat is, from eighteen to forty-five years, inclusive-was 45,139, of whom 30,640 were native born and 15,074 foreign born. The total number of males of voting age in Utah 54,471. The percentage of aliens in Utah who speak the English language is larger than in any other of the Pacific States and Territories. The Capital.-A preliminary report on the industries of Salt Lake City for the year ending May 31, 1890, gives the following statements: Between 1880 and 1890 the number of industries reported decreased from 52 to 45, and the number of establishments reporting from 166 to 149; the amount of capital increased from $860,415 to $2.658,676; the number of persons employed, from 928 to 1,997; the amount of wages paid, from $425,537 to $1,276,219; the cost of materials used, from $812,736 to $1,665,877; the value of the product, from $1,610,133 to $3,864,462.

The population was 20.768 in 1880 and 41,843 in 1890. The assessed valuation rose in the ten years from $7,301,325 to $53,926,924, and the municipal debt from $67,000 to $500,000.

Education. The average number of children attending the public schools of the capital was 6,686, and the original enrollment, 7,247. The school census shows a total number of school age of 10,519, of whom 6,305 are Mormon children.

A Chautauqua assembly for Utah was inaugurated in August at Calder's Park. In the same line of work the faculty of the Brigham Young College, at Logan, have prepared for a non-resident college course leading to a diploma. Courses of study will be laid down and examinations held in various parts of the Territory.

The Agricultural College, at Logan, advertised in December a free course of lectures on practical agriculture, to open in January, and continue with three lectures a day, for ten weeks. A suit was brought by the trustees of the Agricultural College to compel the auditor to pay them $16,250 of the $65,000 appropriated by the Assembly in March. The money was also claimed by a board of construction appointed at the time the appropriation was made. The decision of the court was: "That neither the trustees nor the intervenors are entitled to a writ of mandate against the auditor, and the judgment of the district court must be reversed and the case remanded with directions to dismiss the application of the plaintiff and the petition of inter vention."

The first Arbor Day in the Territory was observed, April 2, as a legal holiday.

Territorial Institutions. The repairs in the Lunatic Asylum were completed late in the year, the blacksmith shop finished, and a contract let for putting electric wires into the new apartments.

The expenses for the year of the Women's Industrial Christian Home aggregated $3,995.33. This taken from the annual appropriation of $4,000, leaves a balance in hand of $4.67. The average number of inmates during the year has been 20; that is, from 5 to 18 women, and from 12 to 15 children.

gardens on the eastern shore of the lake the past season covered 3,000 acres, being from 12 to 350 acres each. The largest company engaged in the business has beds covering 273 acres.

World's Fair Exhibit. -The Utah building was to have been finished by Dec. 5. The design, which called for an outlay of $25,000, was modified so as to bring the cost within $12,000. It is 82 by 46 feet and two stories in height. Plans are preparing for the Great Salt Lake pavilion, to be erected on the southwest corner of the Utah grounds. In this pavilion will be constructed a model of the lake. It will be an exact representation of that body of water in every respect, showing the natural outline of the shore, all the islands, location of bathing resorts, salt works, etc. This lake will be filled with water from the Great Salt Lake, which the Union Pacific company has agreed to haul free of charge.

The most important part of the exhibit will probably be that of minerals.

The Escheated Church Property.-The celebrated case of the United States vs. the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints et al., in reference to the personal property taken, has been before the Supreme Court, the point in direct issue being consideration of the report of Master in Chancery Loufbourow, to whom the cause was referred in 1891. It appears that when the matter was considered several different parties appeared before the referee and presented schemes for the division of the escheated funds. To the right of any except such as were parties to the record, appearing in the consideration of the case at this stage, the attorneys for plaintiff objected, which position was sustained by the court, and the cause as thus simplified presented but two issues or schemes-one advanced by the attorneys for plaintiff sustaining the report, and the other by the defendants, asking for a diversion of the fund to all the original purposes to which it had been devoted that might not be shown to be unlawful.

The report in question was as follows:

1. That the fund be constituted into a permanent school fund for the perpetual endowment of the public schools of the Territory of Utah;

2. That a commissioner be appointed under bond to have custody and control of the fund, to loan the

same under the direction of the court, etc.;

3. That he report his acts and doings biennially to this court; and,

4. That the income from said fund, after paying expenses, etc., be apportioned among the several counties ratably according to the children of school

age.

The Church, by its counsel, argued that the use of the funds for school purposes would be as far as possible from the use contemplated by the donors. On the side of the master, it was argued that the scheme proposed by the Church was really a suggestion to return the fund into the identical hands from which it had been taken, based no doubt on the theory that conditions have been changed in regard to the practice and teaching of polygamy: that as it is decreed that the property is not lawfully applicable to the purposes for which it was originally acquired and to which, at the beginning of the suit, it was being devoted, it would not be competent for this court

to make an order which is not consistent with the original decree; that in reference to the claim that the practice and teaching have changed in regard to polygamy, the testimony had shown that there is no change in the belief of the original authenticity of the revelation, and that it is still a doctrine, but has only been modified by the later one suspending its practice, and it is maintained that even this may be changed at any time. Should the people receive such a revelation, there would be nothing to prevent them from re-entering into that practice except the civil law of the land. The word of the head of the Church has changed the practices of this entire people in a day, because of their belief that the Deity so directed. From the books of doctrine, from the lips of every teacher of that creed, there constantly comes the statement that the revelation of polygamy is still a doctrine, but has been only suspended. It was argued also that, under the claim of the defendants, everything would be really administered by the Church heads, though trustees would be nominally created.

The decision, rendered in November, was in favor of the Church.

Notice has been filed of an appeal to the Supreme Court of the United States.

The Question of Statehood.-As will be seen by reference to the platforms of the three political parties, the Liberals protested against immediate Statehood, while the Democrats and Republicans declared in favor of it. A bill conferring it was introduced in Congress on July 30, by the Utah delegate. It provides for a constitutional convention and the submission of the work of that convention to the vote of the people.

Of course, it was not expected that anything would be done about the bill before the next session of Congress.

The annual report of the Utah Commissioners, made to the Secretary of the Interior in September, takes the ground that the sanction of the Church has been withdrawn only temporarily from the practice of polygamy, and will be restored after a political purpose has been served, and affirms that reports indicate that the practice has not entirely ceased. This President Woodruff denies, and says no polygamous marriage has been contracted for two years.

Political.-At the municipal election in the capital, Feb. 8, the first in which national party had opposed the division-elected the whole city lines were drawn, the Liberals-the party which ticket, and a large majority of the councilmen.

The Republican convention, held in September, nominated Frank J. Cannon for delegate to Congress. While expressing allegiance to the general policy of the party, the platform called for free and unrestricted coinage of silver. On matters concerning the Territory it declared opposition to the removal of the Utes to Utah, but favored the giving of sufficient lands of the several reservations to the Indians thereof in severalty, and the opening of the remainder to settlement under the homestead laws, particularly the Uintah reservation; favored the cession of the arid lands to the several States and Territories, and such an amendment of the land-laws as will allow resident citizens to take from the public lands the necessary timber for all do

mestic purposes; called for the employment of Utah workinen on Utah public works, and the use on them of Utah material, and for the eighthour system of labor; and contained, further, the resolutions below:

We unqualifiedly denounce the un-American course of the late Democratic Legislative Assembly of this Territory in attempting to strike down the great sheep industry, for its refusal to further encourage the production of Utah sugar, for the open hostility it displayed to the policy of developing the manufacturing industries of the Territory, for its despicable attempt to divert the money appropriated for the use of the Logan Agricultural College to partisan uses and purposes, and for its

utter failure to legislate intelligently upon ques

tions of vital interest to the people.

The people of Utah are particularly interested in the maintenance of republican institutions and republican principles. Her principal productions -wool, lead, silver, and farm products-are profitably produced here only because of Republican protection. And yet these same productions receive the special, open, and malignant hostility of the

Democracy.

We again affirm our opposition to the disfranchisement of any citizen except for crime of which he shall have been convicted by due process of law, and we favor the free exercise of the power of amnesty to all citizens disfranchised on account of polygamy or polygamous relations, who will obey and uphold the laws of the United States.

The Democratic convention met in Provo, Oct. 5. and nominated Joseph L. Rawlins for delegate to Congress. After denouncing paternalism in government, protection. subsidies, and Federal control of elections, the resolutions declared:

We denounce the action of the Republican convention in this Territory in approving the exercise by the Governor of the absolute power of veto. The subsequent withdrawal of that approval when its probable effect upon the citizens was appreciated, was but a subterfuge too flimsy to cover the real sentiment of the party. Its action in reference to statehood was similar in spirit, and a plain indication that Utah need not look to the Republican party for aid in speedy deliverance from territorial vassalage.

We condemn the covert charge of the Utah Commission, signed by all its members except that grand old veteran Democrat, Gen. McClernand, that polygamous marriages are still being contracted in Utah, and that a large number of people are living in polygamous cohabitation, as false and designed to deceive the American people and hinder the progress of the Territory to the grand position of

statehood.

We announce our complete confidence in the sincerity of the Mormon people in their abandonment of polygamy, in submission to the laws of the land, and their division on party lines, and our full

VENEZUELA, a republic in South America. It seceded from the Federal Republic of Colombia in 1830, and the Constitution was proclaimed on Sept. 30 of that year. The system was federal, as in the Constitution of the United States, but with a larger degree of State rights and munieipal autonomy. José Antonio Paez, Bolivar's chief lieutenant, was the first President, and his influence was predominant until the party of the

faith in the pledges of their church leaders that the freedom of the members in political affairs shall not be interfered with by them in any particular. We view the attempts of individuals to make it appear that the Mormon presidency secretly desire and work for the success of any party, as a slander upon the church officials and a disgrace to those engaged in such despicable trickery.`

The resolutions further declared emphatically in favor of statehood for Utah, and the restora tion of silver, and expressed the friendship of the party to organized labor and its opposition to the "policy of the Republican party in the interest of capital, which results in the reduction of wages, the importation of cheap workmen, the employment of Pinkerton hirelings, and the oppression of the laboring classes."

The convention of Liberals met at Ogden, Oct. 12. The resolutions declared unalterable opposition to statehood, expressing the belief that. with the opportunity which statehood would bring, the priesthood would again assume complete control. The reason for that belief is given in the following, from the preamble:

The Liberal party fails to see any such changed conditions as others assert that they see. It looks upon the assurance that conditions have changed as a theory and not an established fact, and it recoils from the prospect of imminent statehood.

Anxious as every Liberal is to see every difference adjusted, as anxious as they are to exercise the utmost privileges accorded to the most favored Americans, they remember what first caused clashing here was the presence and control of an unyielding theocracy and an imperium in imperio, and they cannot fail to note that at the last conference of this theocratic organization the old assumptions were all renewed. The bliss which awaits the polygamous family in heaven was vividly portrayed, the necessity of paying tithing was eulogized upon, and the declaration was boldly made that they are a distinct people, that their spiritual and temporal affairs are inextricably blended, and that the only remedy for trouble or differences should be an appeal to the priesthood.

Clarence E. Allen was chosen candidate for Delegate to Congress.

At the election, Nov. 8, the Democratic candidate, J. L. Rawlins, received 15,211 votes: F. J. Cannon, Republican, 12,405; and C. E. Allen, Liberal, 6,989. The whole vote was 34,605, while in 1890 it was 23,290.

The vote for Commissioners to locate university lands was different in each case from the vote for Delegate. The Democratic vote ranged from 15,568 to 15,651; the Republican vote, from 11,502 to 11,516; the Liberal vote, from 7,035 to 7,062.

landowners, called the Oligarchists, was overthrown by the Liberals after José Tadeo Monagas, who had been made President in 1847 as the nominee of Paez, became the pretended champion of the democracy. Monagas had led an unsuccessful revolt against the Government in 1835, and after he ascended the Presidential chair he called into his Cabinet the revolutionists who were associated with him, disarmed the