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Stuart, Prince Charles, Andrew Lang, Scrib.
Sugar American Beet Sugar Industry, H. S. Adams, CasM.
Sweden:

The Case for Sweden, NewR.

War Clouds in the North, Lieut. Kuylenstierna, USM. Tatian's Diattessaron, W. R. Cassels, NC.

Tammany-I, E. J. Edwards, McCl.

Taxation: The Single Tax Upon Land, James A. Quarles,
PQ.

Taxidermy as an Art, Frank M. Chapman, FrL.
Telescopes: Giant Telescopes, J. Ellard Gore, GM.

Temperance and the Liquor Traffic:

Some Aspects of the Liquor Problem, Henry O. Ward, AMC.
Should We Drink in Moderation? N. Kerr, YM.
Thames Palaces, E Oliver, Ata.

Theatres and the Drama:

Schiller's "Jungfrau von Orleans, J. N. Willan, PL.

Moral Proportion and Fatalism in "Hamlet," Ella A.
Moore, PL.

Tristan and Isolde, Annie B. Mitchell, M.

The Scottish Stage in the Last Century, GM.

Twenty-five years of the Munich Court Theatre, NatR.
Theosophy in Relation to Hinduism and Buddhism, BW.
Thinking, Some Curiosities in, M. A. Starr. PS.

Torpedoes: The Future of the Torpedo in War, P. H. Colomb,
NAR.

Translation, The Neglected Art of, D, April 1.
Trout: Home of the Trout in Winter, R. Slee, G.

Tunnels of the World, The Great, Robert Jamison, Chaut.
Turkey: American Treaty Rights in Turkey. OD.
Turkistan: A Trip to Turkistan, Capt. H. Bower, GJ.
Unclaimed Fortunes: The Great Unclaimed, Black.

United States History in the Last Quarter Century, E. B. An-
drews, Scrib.

Venice in Easter: Impressions and Sensations, A. Symons,
Harp.

Victoria, Queen, and Her Children, S. P. Cadman, Chaut.
Volcanoes: The Krakatoa Eruption, J. T. van Gestel, Cos.
Walking Sticks: Insects, L. N. Badenoch, GW.

War Correspondent, The Modern, MM.

Washington:

The American Capitol, E. Porritt, LH.
Our National Capital, Julian Ralph, Harp.
Water:

London and the Water Companies, Sir John Lubbock, NC.
Filtration of Water, Dr. S. Rideal, K.

Water Supply for Liverpool, T. M. Drown, JAES. Feb.
Water Supplies, Notes on European, Allen Hazen, JAES, Feb.
Water Powers of the Western States, A. G. Allen, Eng M.
Weather Forecasts, Commercial Value of, E. B. Dunn, EngM.
Westminster, Walter Besant, PMM.
Women:

The Evolution of the Sex, A. G. P. Sykes, WR.
Women who Work, Marion Leslie, YW.

Some Young Women Sculptors, Polly King, AI.
Women in European Universities, Alice Zimmern, F.
Women among the Early Germans, Louise P. Bates, Chaut.
Woman's Lot in Persia, W. von Schierbrand, Lipp.

The Womanliness of Literary Women, J. W. Abernethy,
Lipp.

Nagging Women-A Reply, Cyrus Edson, NAR.
British Beauties, G.

Yachting in France, C. Geard, PMM.

Yamagata, Count, Teiichi Yamagata, FrL.

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President Seth Low's Gift of $1,000,000..
With portraits of J Santos Zelaya, Maj. Gen. Oshima,
Marshal Oyama, Vice-Admiral Ito, the New York Po-
lice Board, Hon. John B. Harlow, Col. W. G. Rice, W.
H. Harvey, Moreton Frewen, Gov. John G. Evans,
Justice Jackson, Judge Goodwin, Maj.-Gen. Sir R. C.
Low, Dr. Robertson, H. J. Wilson, Pope Leo XIII, Ex-
President J. H. Seelye, and maps of Nicaragua, the
territory ceded to Japan, and Central Asia.

637

The World Several Millions of Years Hence...... 701
The Age of the Earth: 400,000,000 or 4,000,000,000
Years...

702

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sue.

Three months ago we were inclined to the opinion that the revolutionists were so lacking in resources and in effective organization that they would be borne down in the early stages of their patriotic programme. The opinion was based upon such meagre information as could be secured at that time, and also upon the ground that Spain's frightful sacrifices in suppressing the last Cuban rebellion had taught the Spanish government the necessity of promptness at any cost. This judgment regarding Spanish policy was strengthened by the appointment of Gen. Martinez Campos as Captain-General in Cuba, with large supplies of men and money and with absolute authority. But the uprising has not been quelled; and the season of the year has come when the insurgents, having held their ground thus far, must feel that for several months hence the climate itself will serve their cause as unfailingly as a great army. By the middle of May the summer heat becomes oppressive in Cuba, and epidemic diseases are prevalent. If these conditions cause a high rate of mortality among the natives themselves, it must be remembered that for new comers from a climate like that of Spain,-particularly where such new comers are exposed to the daily hardships of common soldiers in active campaign,-the climatic conditions are almost equivalent to a signed death warrant. It is said that in the first five years of the struggle which began with the Cuban revolt of 1868 there were sent from Spain to Cuba not less than 80,000 fresh soldiers, and that only 12,000 of these men were alive to begin the campaign of the sixth year. Of the 68,000 men who had died, only a small per cent. had been killed in battle. The deadly Cuban climate had almost exterminated the Spanish army. This struggle which began in 1868 continued ten years, when the Cubans were at last worn out. The number of troops sent from Spain in that decad

from 1868 to 1878 is said to have been 140,000. The precise number who survived to return to Europe is not known to us; but certainly the need for transport ships was small in comparison with the crowding of the trenches in Cuban military cemeteries. The insurgent leaders therefore are not reckoning upon any imaginary ally when they assert that their reliance for the present summer is to be chiefly upon yellow fever and other deadly maladies.

Cuba's agricultural resources are of a Conditions of the highly varied sort, but sugar is the preStruggle. vailing crop. The sugar plantations give abundant work for a portion of the year. The employment ceases in May. Thousands of men then become idle. The revolutionists have not sought to call these workers to their camps until the sugar crop was harvested and the mills were closed for the season. Meanwhile they have been directing their energies toward the acquisition of repeating rifles and other military supplies, and have been harassing the Spanish troops by a guerilla warfare which has thus far proved to be anything but insignificant. Several of the insurgent leaders have carried out very successful ambuscades and strategies, and in most of the encounters between the Spanish troops and Cuban rebels the patriot bands have come off victorious. As the possibilities of ultimate success begin to improve, the rebellion gains more adherents from the influential class of Cubans. Spain is in danger of bringing upon herself a horrible punishment for her unbroken record of misrule. All sorts of material and governmental improvements were promised at the close of the last rebellion, but they have not been forthcoming. For the fact that Cuba has never been opened up either by railroads or good wagon roads, the Spanish authorities are solely responsible. One motive in keeping Cuba undeveloped has been the fear lest Cuban progress might lead to independence. Of course this argument must prove fallacious in the long run. Great Britain holds her chief colonies through the great liberty that she bestows upon them, and also through her wise and bountiful promotion of their material development in all respects. If Cuba had been provided with railroads and wagon roads and had been developed in other similar re

gards, the military problem of suppressing revolts would now be a comparatively simple one. But it is precisely because Cuba is undeveloped that mere handfuls of insurgents, untrained and ill-provided with weapons, can defy many regiments of the best Spanish troops. The insurgents are able to carry on operations in large districts of country where it is next to impossible to transport and sustain a regular army. General Campos is obliged to use ships, and must waste several days in transporting troops from one part of the island to another, whereas if a railroad had been built the movement would not require more than two or three hours. It is now the policy of General Campos to encourage railroad building; and franchises and subsidies are an easy thing to get. The Spaniards hope that by putting idle labor at work at good wages on railroad building they may keep the men from taking up arms and joining the camps of the insurgents. But it is somewhat late in the day to begin this policy. Its vigorous prosecution fifteen years ago might well have made this last rebellion impossible.

with Cuba.

American It is evident that the sympathies of AmerSympathy ican private citizens are strongly with the Cuban patriots. There is no reason whatsoever why we Americans should feel otherwise. We may doubt whether the Cubans have reached the social and political stage where they could carry on a very satisfactory government of their own. But we may also indulge freely in the opinion that they could govern themselves in a way that would conduce far better to their own advantage and progress than the Spanish way has ever conduced. Moreover, we would violate our own traditions if we did not hold stoutly to the view that no European country has any business to retain political control in any portion of the Western hemisphere, against the deliberate desire of the inhabitants. Our own grievances against England were quite sufficient to justify our assertion of independence; but Cuba's grievances against the greed, rapacity, and misrule of Spain are a hundred times more serious than our causes of complaint against the rule of England. It is not for us at present to consider the question of Cuban annexation. If the island should gain independence there would naturally be a high degree of commercial intimacy and also a good political understanding between the governments of Cuba and the United States. If the war should be pushed by Spain to the extent of the struggle of twenty years ago, it would be entirely proper for our government to instruct Spain that our commercial relations and interests with Cuba were of more serious importance than Spain's political claims; and that under certain conditions it might be our duty to recognize Cuban independence and if necessary to assist Cuba in maintaining her position. There is nothing noble or commendable in the history of Spanish efforts to coerce the Cubans, and good Americans from the Arctic Ocean to Terra del Fuego should be glad rather than sorry to see Cuba gain her liberty.

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the British marines evacuated Corinto and the flag of Nicaragua was restored. We cannot help feeling that our British friends are making a very serious mistake in placing so little value upon American public opinion with regard to the policies of the British foreign office toward Latin-American countries. Let us recapitulate briefly,-and we desire to be perfectly impartial, some of the facts as they appear from the American point of view. The Nicaraguan coast line on the Gulf of Mexico has long been known as the Mosquito Coast, because of the Mosquito Indians, who have held certain reservation rights of local jurisdiction, subject, however, to the national sovereignty of Nicaragua. Obviously such an arrangement could only be temporary. England some decades ago claimed a sort of protecting interest as regards these Indians. But England had absolutely no territorial rights or real authority on Nicaraguan soil. Indeed, her serious right to intermeddle on the Mosquito Coast was no greater than Nicaragua's to intermeddle on the coast of Wales. The anomalous political condition of the Mosquito Coast, of which Bluefields is the chief port, has been much to the advantage of certain American and English traders. It became necessary from the point of view of the Nicaraguan government to bring the government of the Mosquito Coast, including the custom-house administration, into full assimilation with the government of the rest of the country. To our own authorities at Washington, as to all disinterested American citizens, this seemed both reasonable and righteous. The Mos-

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