an article for the Saturday Evening Post, on "The Gospel of Thrift," that is well worth the attention of every young man. We quote the following:

"Thrift is so essential to happiness in this world, that the failure to practice it, is, to me, incomprehensible. It is such an easy, simple thing, and it means so much. It is the foundation of success in business, of contentment in the home, of standing in society. It stimulates industry. I never yet heard of a thrifty man who was lazy. It begets independ

ence and self-confidence. It makes a man of the individual who practices it.

"I think the greatest fault that characterizes our education of the young today is the failure to teach thrift in the schools. From the very outset a child ought to understand the value of saving. In some schools, I understand, penny savings funds are now established. Out of these funds, if they are administered with practical common-sense, will grow more sound teaching than out of anything else in the curriculum. I mean teaching that will make for success; and that, after all, is what the mother hopes for for her child, and a nation for its citizens.

"This is a tremendously practical world, and that man is going to get the most out of it who is not hampered by a constant want of money. It is absurd to suppose that great riches always bring happiness, or even that the accumulation of great riches is essential to success. The man of moderate means is, on the whole, perhaps happier than the extremely rich man; and he who makes for himself a safe place in any field, can be set down as being quite as successful as the man who accumulates millions. But the man who is perpetually hard up cannot under any circumstances be happy, no matter what the foolish in the world may

say; and no man can win a safe place in the world if he is hampered with debts. Helpless poverty is the most crushing affliction that can come to a family, and is the affliction most easily avoided. The man who starts out right will never be poor in the extreme sense, no matter how limited his income or how circumscribed his opportunities.

"Every young man who wishes to succeed should study carefully the human. race. There is even more instruction in the people who are about us than in the books that lie on shelves. All we want is the faculty to read the people as we read the books. And this faculty may, with patience and perseverance, be cultivated.

It

"Few things so well equip a man for competition with his fellows, as a thorough knowledge of human nature. will teach him that men are not bad, but weak. He need but avoid their weaknesses to avoid their failures. Not that a negative character is desirable. But as matters stand, even such a character is almost sufficient to insure a reasonable degree of success. But to make this success certain, a positive character is necessary. The young man must not only avoid the vice and weakness of his neighbors, but he must practice the virtues that they do not possess or do not give evidence of possessing."

Prevention of Grain Smut

IN FORMER YEARS, grain smut constituted a serious menace to the agriculture of North Dakota and of the Northwest in general. The disease is due to a fungus parasite which attacks wheat, oats, barley, rye, etc. Prof. H. L. Bolley, the State Agriculturist, after various experiments, introduced what is known as the formaldehyde treatment, which has proven a specific remedy and is worth millions of dollars annually to the farmers of North Dakota alone. The treatment consists simply in soaking the seed in a solution of formaldehyde just prior to planting. It has now become a general practice, entirely preventing smut.

THE NEW YORK CENTRAL AND LAKE SHORE ROADS have inaugurated a plan which may solve the prob

From Fireman lem of educating firemen

to Engineer

to be competent engineers. Under the new plan, both roads will have examining boards. The New York Central's has already been organized, and will have its headquarters in Albany. The Lake Shore's will probably have its headquarters in Chicago.

The methods of the board are these: In the first year of his service, a fireman gets a book of rules, which pertain wholly to the mechanical and fuel phases of a locomotive. At the end of a year he is examined in the subjects contained in the book, and if he fails is dropped from the service altogether. A similar course is pursued the second year. At the end of the third year, he must attain an average of 80 per cent in the three years' course. Before he gets a diploma as a qualified engineer, however, he must at

MOVING A BANK ACROSS THE SOUTH DAKOTA PRAIRIES.

noted, the building is a two-story structure of fair size. The lower floor contains the bank proper with its safe, also the private office of the firm. The second story is devoted to storing merchandise. The bankers decided that it would be advisable to locate in another community, as a railroad had been built to it and the business prospects at the new point were better. So the building was lifted from its foundation by jack-screws worked by hand, placed on wooden.

trucks provided with wooden wheels, and thus turned into a huge vehicle. Then teams of horses-twenty in all-were hitched to each side and to the front, and the moving across the country was accomplished without accident. Nothing was taken from the building to lighten the load, and it was ready for business on reaching its new location.

IT IS INTERESTING to note that one of THE TECHNICAL WORLD subscribers, George M. Wise, of the

American Machinery

Bengal Iron & Steel Comin India pany, Kulti, British India, has recently installed some American machinery in a new steel plant at that place. There are extensive installations yet to be made, comprising conveyors, hoisting appliances, blowers, etc., opening up an inviting field in which the enterprising American will have an immediate opportunity to demonstrate his power to meet the competition of his British or other European rival. Firms manufacturing machinery of the kind mentioned will find it to their advantage to send their catalogues to Mr. Wise.

Blaine, had told him that there were not enough cotton and rags in the world to supply the newspapers and other publications with their raw material. That was about twenty-eight years ago when paper was 30 cents a pound. One-half the newspapers of the country must have gone to the wall but for the idea suggested to Doctor Hill by the hornet's nest. He took the nest to the superintendent of a paper factory, who was his friend.

"There, why can't you make paper like that?" he asked.

They sat down together; took the nest apart; analyzed it carefully; and, while it appeared complicated to them, they decided that if a hornet could make paper out of wood, man could do the same. The Doctor discovered that the hornet first chewed the wood into a fine pulp before making it into nest material. The question was, How did the hornet get the fiber? That has not exactly been solved to this day.

Such was the beginning of the woodpulp industry. Now the logs of wood are floated down the river to a pulp mill. In a surprisingly short time the logs are converted into great sheets of pulp ready to be made into paper.

ONCE MORE the clatter of the cotton mills in Lancashire is heard through the England's full working week. Mills Cotton Famine that were closed have

Over opened again, and the great cotton crisis that worked such havoc across the seas has passed. It was the severest England has known since the American Civil War. Speculation of the "cotton kings" in the United States is held largely responsible for the disastrous panic through which Lancashire has just passed. To this was added the calamities resulting from great strikes in Europe and America, and a slight shortage of the cotton crop in America, on which England at present is mainly dependent.

As a result of the disaster, England has taken steps to make herself independent of America as a source of cotton supply. supply. President Macara of the Lan

cashire Cotton-Growing Association, newly organized, is at the head of the movement which proposes to make the British colonies grow cotton in sufficient abundance to supply Lancashire, whose mills supply the world. It is proposed to begin at once the cultivation of vast cotton crops in West Africa and the Soudan; and, by the agreement, the Lancashire manufacturers must accept cotton from these points in preference to American-grown cotton. This is England's scheme of retaliation for the

to be a great decline in the cotton industry in England, and America may have a Lancashire of her own. Manchester, in Lancashire, is the present center of the world's cotton industry. The cotton. is grown in America, shipped to Liverpool, there sold in bale to Manchester, at Manchester manufactured into cloth, and there sold to America again in this form. But it is also sold to other nations, for all the world is learning to wear cotton goods.

Not only in Manchester, but in all the

awful calamity heaped on the English people through the action of American speculators in "futures" and through England's dependence on the American cotton supply.

If this plan succeeds-and its success is very probable, for the wealth of England is backing the movement with British Government sympathy-it is incumbent on America to lose no time in beginning the manufacture of cotton on a mammoth scale so that American growers can find a home market for their raw product. Otherwise supreme disaster threatens the American cotton-growing industry.

It will be a difficult task for Americans to make themselves independent of Lancashire; but once it is done, there is likely

surrounding towns of Lancashire, is the manufacture of cotton goods the dominant industry. This is also the greatest industry of all England; and it is interesting to note that this-one of England's chief sources of revenue-is dependent to a very great extent upon the Southern States of America.

With the resumption of activity__in weaving, the Manchester Cotton Exchange is beginning to display the life of its former days. This exchange stands in the heart of the city, and its members number 2,000. They swarm on the floor and overflow into the adjoining streets.

There are fifty large towns within twenty miles of Manchester where weaving is the sole source of livelihood. There