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"In Pennsylvania, the rate of speed is limited to one mile in three minutes in the country districts, and eight miles an hour in the cities. A license must be procured from the treasurer of one of the cities or counties, and the license number must be conspicuously displayed on the back of the vehicle. Two lighted lamps must be carried from one hour after sunset to one hour after sunrise. Brakes and a bell or other signal must be carried. The laws of this State are regarded by automobilists as very objectionable, especially as they pertain to cities. At Lancaster an automobile club has been formed with the object of securing State legislation giving automobilists the same privileges on the public roads as other travelers. The various turnpike companies of the State are now levying excessive tolls. Pittsburg has an automobile club with over 200 members, and in that city there are more than 600 owners of automobiles. They have done good work in securing fair legislation, but are hampered considerably by the State law.

"The New York State laws are nearly like those of Illinois, but not quite so erratic. A speed of 20 miles an hour is permitted in the open country; 10 to 15 miles in cities, except at crossings; and in crossing bridges, dams, sharp curves, or steep descents, the speed must be reduced to four miles an hour. The law requires numbers three inches high and each stroke 1⁄2 inch wide. Registration certificates are issued by the Secretary of State, and the charge is $2 for new certificates.

"Of course when a tourist is anxious to make any speed of consequence he is put to considerable inconvenience in a transcontinental trip by bumping into the different laws of the various States and counties and towns. In most of the States that have laws, the chauffeur is required to come to a stop when any person driving a team holds up his hand. This would be a good law, probably, but for the mean advantage many persons take of it. Often a bumpkin will hold up his hand, require the car to stop, and then laugh as if he had performed a remarkably funny joke.

"Mr. Sidney S. Gorham of the Chicago Automobile Club declares-and I agree with him that to stop an automobile in front of a frightened horse, is the very worst thing that could be done. The object that frightened him is still there in full view when the car is stopped; and as long as it is there the horse is going to continue frightened, and his fright is apt to increase. A test will demonstrate to any one that it is better for the automobile to speed on by the horse, and get out of the way as soon as possible. Then and only then will the horse become composed.

"As to the roads it may be said that there are no good ones in America. This country scarcely knows the meaning of the word. That is an important reason as to why crosscountry touring cannot be expected for a long time to attain the prominence here it has in Europe. Probably the best roads encountered on the trip were between Elkhart, Ind., and Wauseon, O. They are in many places unusual, being turnpiked, so that the center of the road is considerably higher than the sides.

They are smoothly graded, and covered with a coating of fine red gravel, making them almost equal to our city boulevards. The trip through the good roads country of Ohio and Indiana was exceedingly enjoyable; the kaleidoscopic nature of the scenery, with its woods, farmlands, crystal streams, and occasional villages alternately bursting into view, and the civil treatment of the inhabitants, all combined to add to the attractiveness. From Cleveland to Buffalo the route was along the shores of Lake Erie, and each mile seemed to compete with the former in showing something more beautiful.

"Everywhere I found the automobile owners and automobile clubs actively engaged in move

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ments for good roads. Did they but have the friendship and co-operation of the farmers and general public instead of their blind animosity, good roads and good streets would soon be universal in our country. At Columbus, O., the Automobile Club, a very influential body, recently passed resolutions condemning the city officers for the deplorable condition of the streets. This condition, which is a great menace to automobilists, is due to the action of the street car companies and gas companies in cutting deep trenches in the streets and failing to refill them properly. The Columbus Automobile Club contends in its resolutions that the city ordinance calling upon corporations to deposit from $10,000 to $20,000 with the City Government at the time of granting the franchise-which sum is to be kept for the purpose of meeting claims for street repairs that the city may make against the corporations -is not complied with.

"In Illinois, most of Indiana, a small part of Ohio, and in New York, the roads are bad; but the prospects are that automobiles will work a speedy improvement. Between Utica and Syracuse and between Utica and Albany, the roads are in wretched condition.

"A small stretch of good road in Onondaga county, New York, has just been completed, and shows what is possible all over the country. A half mile addition in this county forms a road 21⁄2 miles long, of almost perfect macadam, and has aroused great enthusiasm among the residents of Syracuse, as this is their first and only good road."

Mr. Miller says that the greatest actual accomplishment of the good roads movement has been the work of the State aid plan which has been adopted in ten States. The plan creates a State Highway Commission, and provides for the co-operation of the State with the counties and towns in the work of road improvement, each bearing a fixed part of the expense. While no two States have adopted exactly the same plan, the fundamental principles of all are the same and the objects are the same. The plan has been adopted by all the northeastern States from Maine to Pennsylvania and Maryland, and the results have been so satisfactory that it has attracted attention all over the country. Pennsylvania's last legislature appropriated $6,500,000 as a State fund to be expended during six years, the State paying two-thirds the cost of the road built. In New York the State pays one-half the cost, and the last legislature made an appropriation of $600,000 for this purpose. In Connecticut the State pays two-thirds of the expenses, and the annual appropriations are $225,000. Massachusetts spends nearly half a million dollars a year, the Commonwealth paying three-fourths of the cost. In all the States where the plan is in vogue, the sentiment for national aid is very strong. It is argued that the only ideally perfect and just system of cooperation is one in which the Federal Government shall enter as an active factor.

"The bicycle did a little toward promoting good roads," said Mr. Miller, "but the results of its work are infinitesimal compared to what the automobile is accomplishing. Therefore, why should not the automobile be the friend of the agriculturist rather than an object of his hate? As cross-country trips increase with the increased number of good roads, why cannot the ruralist's horse become accustomed to

the motor car as readily as does the city horse? Vague superstitions regarding the automobile, which they know not, and the vituperative newspaper comments, abetted by exaggerations and fakes, have caused the ruralist to regard the automobile as a death-dealing monster and its occupants as outlaws and murderers. Nothing could be more ridiculous than such a sentiment, yet it prevails in every State I traversed.

"These things seem to demonstrate that what is most greatly needed to aid the automobilist in enjoying the rights and liberties an ordinary citizen should be allowed, is a campaign of education to remove from the minds of the people the erroneous ideas with which they now are filled. I should advise automobile owners and automobile clubs to begin a movement to acquaint legislators with the automobile. Let them take members of the State legislatures, county and town boards, and city councils on rides in up-to-date automobiles; demonstrate to them the perfect control with which the machine can be handled; show them the innumerable advantages it offers to both the city and country; that how, instead of being a Juggernaut car, it is a boon to humanity and should be encouraged. The farmer, the automobile's greatest enemy at present, will be the very person who is to receive the greatest benefits from its growing popularity, for it will improve his roads and ultimately improve his means of locomotion, as the farmer himself will soon be riding in automobiles and sending his products to market in them. In the city the automobile will add vastly to the sanitary conditions; do away with the filth and unsightliness of the streets caused by horse traffic, as the time will come when a horse will no more be permitted on the principal streets of a modern city than is an ox or a cow. The horse superseded the ox as a beast of burden because of its superior cleanliness and speed; the automobile will likewise supersede the horse because of its superior cleanliness and speed. Therefore, take the alderman or other legislator in your automobile and ride him about the country. Ride him at the rate of eight miles an hour, and he will condemn the automobile; ride him at fifteen miles an hour, and he will like it; twentyfive miles an hour, and he will want to go again; at forty miles an hour, and he will buy an automobile.

"These are our joint convictions_resulting from the observations of our trip. The study we made was interesting; but I feel that the work was only half accomplished. I learned what the conditions are in half of the continent, but not what they are in the other half. I intend to make another trip, the next time going from Chicago to San Francisco, noting as carefully all the conditions I encounter. My trip was enjoyable, notwithstanding the numerous hindrances.

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"The weather was fine," said Mrs. Miller, "with the exception of a terrific hail storm which we encountered after leaving Westville. Hail stones pelted down on the machine at a terrific rate for nearly an hour. The ground all about was white as winter until the hail had melted. We closed the curtains, however,

and with the glass front and canopy top we kept as dry as if we had been in our home; and our progress was not hindered. After that, we came to a valley farther on where the water had caused a little creek to overflow to many times its regular width. Mr. Miller pulled off his shoes, and waded into it to discover whether it was a creek or a river, and being convinced, we ran the car through without any trouble, although the water reached to the hub of the wheels. During the entire trip we experienced not a single break or accident to the machine."

Mr. Miller relates many experiences of exorbitant prices charged for supplies en route. Prices for storing over night were as high as $5 for a single night. Therefore he appreciated the unusual courtesies he met with at the hands of Mr. T. C. Whitcomb of Cleveland, O., whose place has become exceedingly popular because of his disposition not to

"bleed" strangers as do most of the other dealers. The tourists emphasize the importance of straining gasoline through chamois skin or some other water-tight substance. They say there is nothing so hard to locate when the motor runs unsatisfactorily as water or other foreign substances in the gasoline. On one occasion when Mr. Miller stopped at a small town for a supply of gasoline, the merchant was very indignant when asked that it be strained. He was surprised when half a teacup of water and sediment was taken out of five gallons of gasoline. Mr. Miller also states that it is a good plan to strain the oil, especially that used in the feed cup, as it insures an even supply and prevents clogging, which often permits the piston to run dry.

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which, did we not see them with our own eyes, would be beyond belief. We dwell in fairyland; and life is worth living, if for no other reason than to watch the development of society through scientific discovery and its application to industry.

What strange, self-contained creatures we are! The marvels that science discloses from day to day are taken as matters of course. People live unheeding in the presence of Niagara. Who voluntarily takes off his hat when a railroad train thunders by? We notice the electric light only to grumble if it goes out. We talk through miles of space, and growl at the telephone girl if there is a half minute's delay. With no feeling save mild curiosity, we hear whole operas emerging from some tiny machine seemingly not large enough to contain the scale.

As recently as two hundred years ago, our superstitious ancestors hanged many people supposed to be guilty of witchcraft and to be able to ride through the air on broomsticks. To-day, if we matter-of-fact people should happen to see some modern wizard sailing the circumambient atmosphere astride a stick, we should look on with some interest perhaps, but straightway endeavor to improve the stick and the mode of riding.

I wish to express my appreciation of these tireless men of science. They may scare us to death, but we shall never die of ennui. One feels reconciled to the stupendous scheme of the universe and even to Adam's fall. What if man had been created with perfect knowledge and Nature had unfolded all of her secrets to him at the start? How stupid it would be! Now the omnipotent and omnipresent newspaper places on our breakfast tables each morning some startling scientific theory or discovery, and life takes on new meaning.

A few decades ago, science set us all agog over the missing link; then, that perplexing conundrum electricity absorbed public attention. And man has been wandering around ever since in a bewildering maze of electric undulations, airships, microbes, liquid air, and higher, criticism. I am living in constant anxiety lest, to-morrow, science will demonstrate that the entire physical universe

is but the varying expression of electrical energy. Someone will be sure to corner that; and where shall we be then, I I should like to know.

We no sooner became somewhat accustomed to the idea of liquid air than it passed out of mind, and radium proceeded to upset our theories. The more I read about radium, the less I know about it. I shouldn't know radium if I should meet it in the back yard. In effect it seems to be liquid sunshine, and entirely beyond a layman's comprehension. Liquid air, on the contrary, appeals to the imagination; we can in a measure grasp the idea.

There is something extremely delightful in the thought of liquid air, especially to those of us who half believe that air exists only in the imagination, until some storm forces the truth upon us. How seemingly impalpable is air! We move through it at will. We look out and cannot see it. We reach out our hand and cannot take hold of it. It evades the senses. Often only by its absence, so to speak, can we detect its presence. Yet, when aroused, no human monument can withstand it. And here is mere man, wizard though he be, who actually freezes it to a temperature of 312 degrees below zero and squeezes it into a liquid. For all we know to the contrary, he will some day reduce the temperature several hundred degrees more, squeeze a little harder, and store up great chunks of winter weather for the comfort of suffering humanity during July and August. A few cubes of frozen atmosphere five hundred degrees below zero would not be bad things to turn loose during dog days.

After all, the imagination stands appalled before the possibilities in these discoveries, liquid air and liquid sunshine, which may be destined to supersede steam and electricity, make a high standard of living inexpensive, and so solve in a great degree the social problems of the age. What a time will that be, when the industrial world can be run by wind power, which until now has been reserved for farmers and orators; when the smoke nuisance shall have been abated, and one can go down town with clean linen on his manly bosom and not have it covered with soot before return

ing! With infinite wonder and pity will posterity read of the smoke nuisance.

Liquid air! Radium! How strange a story! Perhaps here at last is solved the problem of aërial navigation; and, if only the atmosphere extended to Mars, we might hope to cross through space and pay the people of that far-off planet a social visit. But alas! balloons and airships cannot travel beyond the atmosphere, and we are prisoners. Fifty miles above, could we not anchor at the surface of this great air ocean, and experiment with ether? If only we could see the billows rage and toss in those mighty convulsions we call storms!

Liquid air! It reminds one of liquid music. Why not? Let some military band blow one of Sousa's great marches into the freezing machine. It is a warm tune, but great is science. Then, while the air is still heaving and quivering in

the throes of harmony, squeeze it. A strong machine ought to stand the pressure. The march properly compressed ought, perhaps, to fill an ordinary wine glass with a most curious liquid which would emit a musical vapor and play for us while we dine. Possibly a whole comic opera, jokes and all, could be held in a quart dipper.

How wonderful is science which invades even the arts! A prophetic vision is upon me, of the seventh son of a seventh son, born with two veils. I see music carted along the street like water, with signs reading, "Annie Rooney, five cents a barrel!" "Choice Wagnerian Operas, pint bottles, three dollars a case!" "Opus Forty-five, One Dollar," "A few quarts of 'Hiawatha' and 'Bedelia', left over from last year's stock, will be given away. First come, first served."

How Did You?

Did you tackle that trouble which came your way
With a resolute heart and cheerful,

Or hide your face from the light of day

With a craven soul and fearful?

Oh, a trouble is a ton, or a trouble is an ounce,

Or a trouble is what you make it!

And it isn't the fact that you're hurt that counts,

But only-how did you take it?

You are beaten to earth? Well, well, what's that?

Come up with a smiling face.

It's nothing against you to fall down flat,

But to lie there-that's disgrace.

The harder you're thrown-why, the higher you bounce;

Be proud of your blackened eye!

It isn't the fact that you're licked that counts;

It's how did you fight-and why?

And though you be done to the death-what then?

If you battled the best you could,

If you played your part in the world of men—

Why, the Master will call it good.

Death comes with a crawl, or comes with a pounce;

And whether he's slow or spry,

It isn't the fact that you're dead that counts,

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