held by another Holstein, Colantha 4th's Johanna, with 998.26 pounds of butterfat. Here certainly is a mark toward which the 150-pound cow may strive for a long time to come, but it is not unapproachable, as proved by the record of a Jersey, Jacoba Irene, belonging to Mr. A. O. Auten of Jerseyville, Illinois. This cow produced in one year 17,253 pounds, or nearly nine tons, of milk, and 1,112 pounds of butter, breaking all Jersey records. This is over four times the production of the average cow for Illi

nois and seven times that of the poorest fourth in the state. There are 250,000 cows in Illinois so poor that it would take 209 of them to equal one such cow as Jacoba Irene in actual profit.

"During this year she would have supplied eighty people with the average amount of milk consumed per capita and furnished cream for their coffee, besides," says Professor Wilber J. Fraser,

chief in Dairy Husbandry of the University of Illinois. "This was rich Jersey milk, containing 52 per cent of butterfat, and worth, for direct consumption, at least 8 1-3 cents a quart, amounting to $653.50 a year. A dairyman would need only four such cows to supply milk for the average sized milk route, make him a good living and have an excellent profit besides.

If one could be so fortunate

as to own ten such cows he could have a nice little income of $6,535 a year. The 17,253 pounds of milk produced by Jacoba Irene during the year contained 14.65 per cent, or 2,527 pounds, of total milk solids. This shows something of the perfectly enormous amount of work done by this efficient dairy cow in one year. Compare this with the work done by the average steer, weighing 1,100 pounds at the end of two years.

When born, he will weigh close to 100 pounds. Thus, in the two years of growth he has actually produced 1,000 pounds of carcass, only one-fifth, or 200 pounds, of which is edible dry matter. This means that Jacoba produced as much edible solids in one year as would twenty-five steers, thus certainly establishing, by a good margin, the world's record for a cow of any breed."

This same dairyman owns a Jersey herd which shows what can be done by painstaking, scientific endeavor. The av

erage butterfat yield of the herd the first year was 323 pounds, the second year it was 374 pounds and the third year 406 pounds. "When it is considered," adds Professor Fraser, "that these figures represent the average annual production of all the cows in the herd, the accomplishment bespeaks loud praise for the skill exercised in the selection, breeding, feeding and care of the herd. The establishment of an economic, efficient, pure bred herd of dairy cattle of this quality is a work of satisfaction and should be the aim of more of our dairymen. The average of all the cows tested in Illinois produced 216 pounds of butterfat and, at creamery prices for fat, made a profit of $15.66. This Jersey herd has been brought up to an average of 406 pounds butterfat per year and on the same basis makes a profit of $62.62 a cow, or just four times as much. The man with the average herd would then have to do all the work of conducting a

farm and caring for dairy herd for four years to make as much profit as would be made from this herd in one year. The poorest fourth of the cows in Illinois make a profit of 77 cents a cow and we have tested four herds where the average of all the cows was below the average for the poorest fourth in the state. Is it not a significant fact that this herd of Jerseys will make over eighty-one times as much profit in a year as will these poor herds? These figures give evidence that it is certainly a paying proposition to breed up a high-producing herd."

Mr. Auten has demonstrated what other dairymen can do, for the fault has not been the cow's. He is not alone in this demonstration. An Ohio dairyman has kept an accurate record of the cost and product of his ten-cow dairy for one year. The total cost for food and labor was $388.40, or an average of $38.84 per cow. There were 58,333 pounds of milk produced, from which 2,624 pounds of butter were made, which sold for an

average of twenty-eight cents a pound, or a total of $734.72. The calves sold as veal brought within a cent of $70 and the skim milk brought $98.88. The total income was $903.59 or a gross income of $90.35 per cow. Deducting the cost of keeping the ten cows leaves a net profit of $51.51 per cow. It will be seen that each cow made an average of 262.4 pounds of butter for the year, practically twice as much as the average annual production of dairy cows in the corn belt.

A California dairyman with a herd of twenty cows gives this as his annual report:

This man's best cow produced 314.8 pounds of butterfat in the year, while his poorest yielded only 168.6 pounds. He has learned the lesson and says "I hope to raise up a herd in my time that will come close to the 300 pound mark." Were it not for the scales and the notebook this would be impossible, for the production of each cow and the comparison with the herd would not be known.

The College of Agriculture of the University of Missouri until recently possessed a cow whose yield each year was sufficient to send a young man to college for the same length of time. This was exceptional, but a Washington state. dairyman reports his herd to average $11.25 per cow per month; while an Iowa farmer who has kept a record for the year reports the sale of butter from one cow to the amount of $87.60, over and above all the butter, milk and cream wanted for family use.

Missouri Chief Josephine, a large, kindly looking Holstein, has broken the record in her native state as a milk producer. As a fouryear-old this gentle bossy produced 92.7 pounds of milk in one day, or the equal of forty-seven quarts. At the Missouri State Fair last fall she was placed in a prettily decorated booth, with forty-seven quart milk bottles filled with milk, representing her day's production, standing

in pyramidal form above her. Her year's record of 15,474 pounds of milk 1S a remarkable production. This is equal to 7,710 quarts of milk for one year. On this number of quarts twentyone babies could subsist and thrive for one year. Made into butter it would feed five average families a year. Her milk turned into cash would amount to enough to send the farmer's son to an agricultural college for two years, paying all expenses.

There are plenty of records to be met by the bovine graduates of the cow culture clubs and those which cannot yield over 200 pounds of butterfat a year may well be spared to the butcher. The clubs and the demonstration trains, the chautauquas and the prizes are temporary incentives to keeping only those cows

which are self-supporting and profitable; the greater incentive is the financial increase in the industry which stands. second in all departments of farm work. When the dairymen from Penobscot to Puyallup learn that to feed and care for a cow producing only 150 pounds of butterfat is as expensive as to feed and care for a cow which, while it may not come anywhere near the records of Grace Fayne 2nd Homestead Jacoba Irene, still yields butterfat and dollars far above the average heretofore sufficing, the scales and the notebook can be laid aside. Until that day, however, they are indispensable factors in the thickening of the butter on the bread slices in the full dinner pail.

or

Farmers all over the United States are taking the lesson to

heart and are making an earnest effort to put into use the information that has been furnished by the experts. There is every reason to expect that the record for the coming year and for following years will go up by leaps and bounds above what it has been in the past. The scales and the note-book will be as common sights on all farms from east to west as will be the hay-stack and corncrib.

It is such work as this done by men connected with the agricultural colleges

of the country that is bringing a new era for the farmer, and if more cows give more milk as a result of the efforts of these men, it is decidedly probable that more boys will see the inside of agricultural colleges, and come back to their homes to spread further knowledge of scientific methods and to win further laurels in future records. The information that they gain will not be confined, however, to the dairy field alone though this promises to be one of the greatest money-making fields for the farmer.