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condition, to which death may indeed be inci- tion of deep and lasting enmities towards perdental, but only under more chivalrous rules. sons wholly innocent of such terrible conseThose who hate in this manner are not unfre- quences! Hatreds like these may and do arise quently otherwise of a very noble and lofty out of what may fairly be called nothing. They disposition, filled with the most magnificent may also have a solid foundation in substansentiments. Such persons are apt to be even tial and irreparable but unintentional injury, more jealous than the most loyal friend can and even then the person who has committed be, towards those whom they hate, of all the it may be wholly unaware of the sentiments recognized formularies, of all the courtesies entertained towards him or her. The discovand amenities of warfare. Many a short- ery of unexpected hatred is one of the most coming which a friend would innocently per- painful experiences in life-so painful that it mit himself to fall into towards another friend, is not to be wondered at if Englishmen, perthey would be inconsolable if they were guilty haps the most sensitive of human beings, beof towards the tenderly cherished object of come in the long run so guarded, reserved, their tenderly cherished aversion. It would and fenced about in formalities. almost seem as if this form of hatred were in the nature of the intensest occupation vouch-long desert of feeling and waste of life implied safed to mankind. in misplaced and bootless affections lavished upon objects worthless or unattainable, there

If it is melancholy to look back upon the

We have said that the instinctive hatreds of youth grow fewer in number with increas- is not unfrequently some compensation in the ing years. It may be questioned, however, softening and elevating influence of the feelwhether intercourse with the world, and the ings themselves. But there can be little comhabits of mind engendered by active pursuits, pensation for the poignant regrets with which do not expose men to other fits, equally blind, men must look back upon the corroding effects sudden and uncontrollable, of hatred, arising of inveterate hatreds, if at any time they disout of sudden misconception, imagined slights, cover that in reality they have been blind fancied insults, and hypothetical wrongs. A victims of a wretched hallucination, and novelist may come to the irresistible conclu- that, had they but known it, the objects of sion that such and such a journalist, and no their ignorant aversion were actually most other, must certainly be the man who wrote worthy and deserving of their love. But, that horrid article upon his or her pet novel. even without such a discovery, the time will Or a politician may be quite sure that such a usually come when a reflecting mind, in writer, and no other, made that offensive re- calmer moments, considers the nothinguess mark about him in a leading article. One of of the object in comparison with the immenthe most curious parts of a journalist's expe- sity of the emotion. Perhaps, indeed, the rience who happens to be behind the scenes is particular hatred may have become a habit to observe how many persons feel quite sure, and a necessity. But the object of it has first, that particular articles are written by dwindled into nothing, the body lies shrivparticular men; and, next, that such and such elled up within the hardened shell, beyond passages were especially aimed at them. It the power of remaining years to resuscitate is needless to add how, almost universally, or soften it. Those who are subject to this they are at fault. Again, how frequently does it happen that a look, a word, an uplifted eyebrow, the twinkle of an eye, an imperceptible smile, a cut in the street, a yawn, a joke, a tone of voice, an infinitesimal slight, perfectly accidental and unintentional, probably unconscious—or if not unconscious, without any reference to present circumstances, or if with any such reference, of the most casual kind, and forgotten the next moment-how often do trifles such as these lay the founda

form of hatred make no display of it. They are only conscious of a petrifaction, lying somewhere in the heart of their being, inert, innoxious, but hard, round which the daily ripple of their sensibilities oscillates and plays without response, as the tide frets round the basement of the unconscious cliff. These are not, perhaps, the commonest cases, but to describe all the varieties of hatred would be to pass half the morbid anatomy of the human mind in review.

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[MOST of the readers of Mr. Carlyle's little article in our last have been astounded that the question between the North and the South should have been stated as it was there stated that Slavery should have been described by any one simply as "a hiring for life." As Mr. Carlyle must have had all the grounds of this astonishment (even those which our respected contributor now brings forward) familiarly in his mind when he used his phrases, it must be supposed that he had somehow convinced himself of their substan

tial fitness nevertheless. Perhaps he had not Slavery only in view, but the whole visible difference of dispositions between South and North, as extending to their modes of providing themselves with all kinds of servicethat of politicians and leading men included. But, doubtless, Slavery was mainly in his thoughts.-Editor.]

Frederick Maximus. Harkee here, Dan, you black nigger rascal. You're no longer a slave, you're a servant hired for life.

T. C. Niger. By golly! Wife and chil'n servants for life too, massa?

F. M. Yes, all you niggers. But you must work all the same, you know.

T. C. N. Iss, massa. What wages you gib?

F. M. Wages, you rascal? Quart of corn a day and three shirts and pantaloons a year, for legal hours of work; fourteen hours a day for half the year, and fifteen the other half.* T. C. N. Any privileges, massa? F..M. Privileges? Ha! ha! Yes, privileges of John Driver's whip, or of such other

*Laws of South Carolina.

|punishment as I choose to inflict, and of not being believed on oath if you go and peach against me, and of being sold down South when I please, and of being converted by any parson whom I choose to allow.

T. C. N. Hm. Wife and chil'n my own dis time, massa?

F. M. Ha ha! ha! Yes-till I or Mr. Overseer want them. But you have the privilege of taking another wife as often as I allow it, and of having as many children as it pays me to bring up.

T. C. N. Beg pardon, massa, but what for you call me servant hired for life?

F. M. What for, you rascal? Because a great man, after whom I named you, when he had written a d-d good book on the " nigger question," says that is all the difference between you and those mean whitelivered Yankee working men, who are hired by the month or the day.

T. C. N. Massa, if him book good book, why's I not privileged to learn read it?

F. M. Read, you infernal scoundrel! Why, if any one were to help you to learn, the law gives him fine and imprisonment or lashes,* and what do you suppose you'd get? So off with you. Stay-how old is that yellow nigger, your wife's daughter?

T. C. N. Born three weeks 'fore Miss Susy, massa.

F. M. She'll fetch a right smart price at Mobile, now that New Orleans

T. C. N. (Aside, while going away.) Dey say de Yankees aint bery long way. Wish dey was heeah. Wish dey'd gib me a rifle 'fore I dies.

*Laws of South Carolina.

A PASSAGE in the speech with which the Minister of Public Instruction - Duruy-accompanied the distribution of prizes in the Sorbonne this year is so characteristic that we shall quote it in full. After having made the announcement that henceforth Modern History up to the present day was to form part of the instruction, the minister continued: "Our pupils are well acquainted with the history of Sparta, Athens, Rome, and the Middle Ages. But they do not know the state of that modern society of which they are active members. Through their studies they are the contemporaries of Pericles, Augustus, and Louis XIV., but not of Napoleon III. Hence so much ignorance of things in the midst of which they are to live-so much error, deception -so many people who belong neither to their time nor to their country. We have a classical education,

and this is well; but we have no national edu-
cation, and this is bad. The emperor wishes
this to be altered. A happy fate has granted to
me, that I stand in near relation to the one upon
whom the wishes of the world are directed, and
who of all princes loves your studies best and
knows most of them. Believe that from a man
You are
who has never yet flattered any one.
the France of the future, and you may bear high
your heads and your hope: for he who holds the
destiny of our country in his mighty hands has
a great heart and a noble understanding. The
really most liberal man of the empire is the
emperor." It must not be omitted at the same
time that, in the further course of his speech,
the Minister called France "The Moral Centre
of the World."-Reader.

From The Reader.

A BOOK FOR THE BEACH.

A Book for the Beach.
rold. Two Volumes. Skeet.

burly doctor. Marie Antoinette is another favorite seaside subject; Napoleon BuonaBy Blanchard Jer- parte a third, especially as set forth by the wife of General Junot in her amusing memoirs. The trite reigns by the seaside. Nobody wants to learn anything new between July and September; nevertheless, such is the force of habit that even the after-dinner doze is not perfect without its accompanying volume. One reads the preface, if it exist (it is a pity prefaces are out of fashion), and perhaps half through the "Contents "-the rest is a dream! but it is important what that dream shall be; and, as this depends more or less on the matter perused, prefaces and "contents" relating to murders, hurglaries, and witchcraft are dreary and there

but too exciting. After all nothing is so good as Dr. Johnson in Fleet Street, or Napoleon at St. Helena.

We should have been glad if Mr. Jerrold had given us Dr. Johnson over again; but his "Story of a Hero, related by his Valet," is sure to be a general favorite. The hero is Napoleon I.; the valet is Santini, of whom Mr. Jerrold writes thus:

WE heard some time since of a bazaar, held in the north of Scotland, with the laudable motive of regenerating the Gael, the success of which was most apparent in the instance of one stall furnished from the penny-toy department of the German Fair in Regent Street, London. These penny trinkets sold at about two thousand per cent. profit; and it is to be hoped that the poor Gael appreciated properly the sacrifice of conscience made on his behalf by the fair ones of the north. But, setting aside our severer convictions on the subject of bazaars and of Gaels, we think there was a modicum fore objectionable-to love-episodes, better, of justice when the penny toys were insinuated into the pockets of easy Scotch folk and half-crowns taken in their stead. Were not London penny trinkets worth half a crown in the far north? Indeed, it was worth half a crown to us to picture the noble savage grinning with infinite delight, and the wild eyes of the bairns, as the gudewife revealed the newly acquired treasure from beneath her warm tartan shawl. Let it be granted, "Jean Noel Santini was of humble parthen, that goods should be valued with ref- entage, and was born in a poor little hamlet erence to the part of the country in which in the arrondissement of Bastia in Corsica, they are meant to be sold, and to the class in the year 1790. Having no example before of persons who are meant to buy them, and him in childhood but that of the rough and "A Book for the Beach" is a good book. bold mountaineers of his country, and the It consists of a collection of divers papers, echoes of which reached the thatched roof triumphal songs of the Grand Army-the with titles such as the following: My of his parents-being his only lullaby-SanAlias," Concerning Cravats," Eccentric tini was proud, like every son of Corsica, to Mac," The Work-a-Day World of France," be the countryman of the conqueror of Italy "The Story of a Hero, related by his Valet," of the hero whose name filled the world. "The Modern a'Becket," etc. It would be a better book than many anywhere; but, to secure justice to its merits, it should be read and criticised on the seashore, where we have been listening, in the intervals of reading, to the moan and the drone of the

waves.

He thought of nothing save battles and Buonaparte; and, instead of waiting till he draw for the conscription, the enthusiastic had attained the age required by law to lad was admitted in 1804 as drummer to a battalion of Corsican sharpshooters, then in garrison at Antibes. The boy's golden dream-his daily hope-was to see NapoIt is a phenomenon we have often remarked leon; to hear the cannon roar, and balls -and we will note it here for the benefit whistle-but to see Napoleon above all. The of moral philosophers--that, at these seasons hope was soon to be realized. The command of temporary retirement from the world, cer- hands of the Count d'Ornano, and the sharpof the battalion had lately passed into the tain portions of history and biography are shooters were now ordered to assemble under apt to turn up again and again for study and the standard of the First Consul at Ambleresearch. We know a young lady who goes teuse. Santini was happy, his ambition was to the seaside every year, and every year achieved: his dream became reality." reads Boswell's "Life of Johnson,' ," each After following his beloved master through time contracting a renewed passion for the many campaigns, he arrived with him at.

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Fontainebleau, "to behold the fall of the that the faithful Corsican had found a way empire, and the disgrace of the worst senate of making his departure from the island that ever sat at the head of a great nation.' more useful to the emperor than his stay in From Fontainebleau to Elba, from Elba back it would have been. His intentions will be to France, Santini accompanied the emperor; Alone with Napoleon, Santini said to him, best explained by the following conversation. then through all the anxieties of the inter-Sire, does your majesty doubt of my devovening period until that scene so familiar to tion?' No; but why this preamble?' Is the imaginations of Frenchmen was enacting your majesty quite convinced that I would itself Napoleon alone at sunset on the sea- give the last drop of my blood to be of sershore of St. Helena. Santini was a faithful vice to you?' Yes, yes,' said Napoleon, im'It was necessary to servant; he resisted the attempts of Sir Hud-atiently; go on.' me to receive this assurance from your own son Lowe's people to convert him into a spy; mouth, sire, before explaining myself." and did not object to steal the property of Well, I know you to be a most faithful the English to add to the conforts of his servant: now go on.' 'Sire, I do not inmaster. The following is a description of tend to sign the declaration of Sir Hudson Lowe.' what that St. Helena life must have been :Why not?' asked the emperor, his eyes flashing fire. I must leave you, "Time passed on, but brought no change sire. So you would abandon me, mounto the exiles of St. Helena. Santini still taineer!' cried the emperor, sadly, oh, men, continued his thefts of wild sheep and suckmen!' Sire, I have resolved to leave you. ing pigs, but for which the emperor would but only that I may serve you the better, have been often dinnerless. The clothes and Of what use to you am I here? whereas in shoes of Napoleon, too, were no longer wear- Europe, humble as I am, in making use of able-in fact, his wardrobe was in such a your name, and still fresh from your service, dilapidated condition that Santini, who was I can first of all awaken public curiosity, not a bit better tailor than he was hair- and then turn it to the profit of your majesty. dresser, was obliged to cut up an old gray I shall relate everything that has passed redingote of his master's, in order to make here; I will have the account of your daily it into a coat. In the same way, he turned torture on this miserable rock published in an old pair of boots into a pair of shoes, the English newspapers; and, when this is lining them with some pieces of white satin known, surely the indignation of the world given him for the purpose by Madame Ber-will fall on the English Government, who, by trand. There is also a hat, now in the this means, will be compelled to render juspossession of Count Marchand which was trimmed by Santini with satin coming from the same source. This sort of life became insupportable; and the emperor was at last compelled to part with all his silver plate, which was broken up by Santini in the presence of General Montholon, and was then sold at James Town. I will not have my eagles sent to market, mountaineer,' said the emperor to Santini; destroy my cipher completely, break everything into the smallest fragments, so that the noble emblems of the French Empire may not become objects of traffic to our enemies.""

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tice to your majesty.' Santini evinced such animation while unfolding his project that the emperor was much impressed; he reflected for some time, and then said, pulling Santini's ear, Well, mountaineer, your proj ect pleases me; but have you well considered the task you wish to undertake? Will it not be too much for you? Will you be capable of accomplishing it?' With God's help, yes, sire.'

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Two others of the suite in the end were added to the two about to take leave, thus further thinning the small band of followers in attendance on the emperor :

Santini was now determined to make the hardships of the captive emperor known to "The hour of departure had come, and the whole world; and, when the imperial the vessel bound for the Cape was ready to suite established their dependence by signing the declaration of restrictions of Sir Hudson Lowe, Santini and one other were the only exceptions:

"It was great matter for surprise with all who knew Santini that he was one of the two exceptions; and every motive but the right one was assigned for his quitting a master he loved sc dearly. The fact was

set sail. Napoleon sent for the faithful servitors who were about to leave him, most likely forever; and, after a sad and touching farewell, after telling them to cherish his memory, and to love their country, he gave to each a written title to a pension for life, to be paid by the different members of his family. They then left him; but he signed to Santini to remain, and, when they were alone, said, 'Well, are you still in the same

mind?' 'More than ever, your majesty; papers, in which his protest had been pubam I not going? Do not compromise fished, he cried out, joyously, Ah! I told yourself, or you will be lost: be prudent, or you all along that my mountaineer would you will not succeed.' I shall remember succeed!'"'

that I have to save your majesty from the

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claws of a tiger: I will be prudent.' Very The mountaineer, however, never saw his well.' And the emperor called to the Count master again. He was arrested at Milan, Las Cases and his son Emanuel, who were and retained as a prisoner there, and afteroccupied in the cabinet adjoining, Have you wards, in Vienna, till the death of the great finished that transcription?' 'Yes, sire,'

the Invalides!"

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answered Emanuel Las Cases; and he deliv-exile set him free. The Revolution of July, ered to Napoleon the fragments of satin on 1830 brought the faithful fellow some luck, which he had copied the protest in micro- for he became door-keeper to the Cabinet of scopic characters with Indian ink. Santini Louis Philippe, and afterwards held an apreceived it from the emperor's hands, and pointment in the Post-office. But a more with it the last farewell of his master-that appropriate post was in store for him in the adored master by whose side he never stood end of his days. He had seen the remains again until five and twenty years afterwards, of his great master brought in triumph to when the dead hero was brought to France, to find a shelter under the gilded dome of Paris; but he saw more than that-the Bonaparte dynasty revived and re-established. dent of the Republic, took every opportunity Louis Napoleon, even while yet only Presi-* of seeking out and rewarding the survivors of those who had been faithful to his uncle; and, a guardian being required for the emperor's tomb, Santini was appointed to the office, and made chevalier of the Legion of Honor. Year after year he performed his duty of watching by the splendid tomb; and not many months since he died at his post.

Santini bravely pursued the object he had in view; and, when in London, did succeed, through the active intervention of Lord Holland, in bringing Sir Hudson Lowe's treatment of his prisoner before the notice of Parliament and of the public:

"The last occasion on which the cause of the emperor was pleaded before the House of Commons was on the 15th of March. The sitting was a stormy one, but it witnessed the complete triumph of the noble defender There is graver writing in the essay, called of Napoleon. A Commission, formed of "The Work-a-day World of France." Mr. men of mixed opinions, was despatched to Jerrold's knowledge of French institutions St. Helena, with orders to inquire rigor- renders this portion of his book instructive ously into the condition of the prisoner. as well as amusing. Of the shorter essays, They had full power to act, and they did perhaps the best is "Eccentric Mac; " while what they could; but they could neither change the climate of the island, nor its some of the others, as Mr. Jerrold himself govDeath, too, was marching with giant professes, have no higher aim than to amuse strides towards Napoleon. Still some good the juvenile portions of the seaside familywas done, and the emperor was fully sensible parties. of it. On receiving the pamphlet and news

ernor.

HERE is an advertisement which appeared in | within reach of another Subscriber. For further last week's English Churchman, and which particulars apply by letter, giving name and adshows how cheap clergymen who cannot write dress, which will be received in confidence, to their own sermons may buy ready-made ones in Bloomsbury, London." A shilling aprece these days. We give all save the name and ad- seems cheap, indeed, for sermons. But what is dress of the sermon-seller: “Original Plain meant by "other sermons charged according to Practical Sermons: The circulation of this subject?" Are there guinea-subjects and two Lithographic Periodical is exclusively confined guinea subjects in theology, according to toughto the clergy. Terms to subscribers: A Quar-ness? And then, oh! the horror, if by any ter's Sermons-viz., Thirteen Sermons-13s. 6d. ; means several copies of the Lithographic Periodother Sermons charged for according to the sub-ical were to get into the same district or arish! ject. No second copy of a Sermon will be sent -Reader

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