Hancock, John, 147 note, 160.
Haney, L. H., quoted, 518.
Hannay, David, quoted, 105.

Harbors, of United States, 5, 102.
Hard money. See Bimetallism.

Hard times. See Depressions; Panics.
Hargreaves, James, 220, 269, 270.
Harnden, W. F., 333.

Harrison, William Henry, 197.

Harriman system of railways, 470.
Harvesting machinery, 235ff.
Hat industry:

colonial restrictions on, 144.
labor and, 597.

Hatch Act, 425, 431, 441.

Haverhill, Mass., 125, 573.

Hawaiian Islands, 624.

Highways. See Roads, Internal Im-

provements.

Hill, James J., 455-

Hill system of railroads, 470.

Hogs, raising of, 9, 22, 61, 66, 68, 230,
382, 448.

Holding companies, 470, 523f.
Holland. See Netherlands, Dutch.
Hollidaysburg, Pa., 322.

Holmes, Justice, 601.

Home industries:

in the colonies, 63, 89, 90, 93, 94-
during Revolution, 170.
Homestead Act, 217, 382.
Hooker, Thomas, 36.

Hoosier element, 200.

Hoover, Herbert C., quoted, 666, 667.
Horses, 9, 22, 61, 62ƒ., 66, 68, 237f.
Hosiery, 571.

Household manufactures, Chap. IV,
546, 566.

Houston Ship Canal, 482.

Howe, General, 162.
Howe, Elias, 383.

Hudson Bay, 2.

Hudson, Henry, 34, 43, 57.

Hudson River, 5.

early steamboats on, 316ƒ.

Hudson Valley, settled by Dutch, 44
Hughes, Charles E., 629.

Huguenots, 125.

Hunter, Governor, 129.

Huntington, Collis P., 455.

Hussey, Obed, 235.

Hutchinson, Anne, banishment of, 36.
Hydro-electric development, 23, 557-

settlement, 189ff.

agriculture in, 228ƒ.

manufactures in, 561.
Illinois Central railroad, 388.

Illinois Valley, French in, 43.

Immigrants, effect of American chi-

mate on, 1, 6f.
Immigration:

causes, 342f., 613.

Colonial, 129ff.

from 1820 to 1860, 342ff.

during Civil War, 343.
recent, 611ff.

Chinese, 589, 614.

Scotch-Irish, 344, 613.

Irish, 343, 613.

Japanese, 614.

German, 343, 613.

and labor, 612ff.

restriction on, 614.

and land grant railroads, 413.

Imperialism, 618ff.

and Commercial Revolution, 35.
British, 148.

Old Imperialism, 618f.
New Imperialism, 619ff.

United States and New Imperial-
ism, 621.

"Open

from Monroe Doctrine to Spanish
American War, 622ff.
from inauguration of
Door" policy to acquisition of
Virgin Islands, 627 ff.
technique of, 633f.
and missionaries, 621.
Imports:

colonial, 106ff., 142ff.; graph 150,
152f.

during Revolution, 172ff.

from 1789 to 1860, 248, 250, 262ff.
since Civil War, 634ff.
Impressment of seamen, 247.
Income tax, 493, 580, 654.

Indentured servants, 71, 72 note, 73.
Independent treasury, 301.
Indiana, manufacturing, 562.

Indian Wars, 85, 127, 128, 137f., 189ff.,
413f.

Industry:

colonial, 78ff.

beginnings of, 78.
Government aid, 95f.
Government restriction, 97.
extent of, 98ff.

during Revolution, 170ff.
from 1789-1860, Chap. XII.
after Civil War, Chap. XXIII.
during World War, Chap. XXVII.
adjustments after World War, 691 ff.
See also Building; Fisheries; Fur-
niture Industry; Fur Trade;
Glass; Iron and Steel Industry;
Liquor; Lumbering; Milling;
Shipping Industry; Textile In-
dustries.

Inheritance laws, 163.

Inland Waterways. See Internal Im-
provements, Canals.

Inter-colonial trade. See Commerce,
Inter-colonial.

Interlocking directorates, 524f.
and banks, 541ff.
and railroads, 470.
Internal improvements:
colonial, 309ff.

Gallatin's plan for, 313f.

before Civil War, 229f., 311ff.
since Civil War, 452ff.

See also Canals; Harbors; Rivers;
Roads.

Interstate-Commerce Act, 466ff., 653.
Interstate Commerce Commission,
466ff.
Injunctions, 602ƒ.

Jackson, Andrew:

J

Kaskaskia, 166.

Kay, John, 270.

Keating-Owen Bill, 602.

Kellogg, Royal S., quoted, 18 and note.
Kelly, Florence, quoted, note 601.
Kendrick, John, 246.
Kentucky:

settlement, 165.
enters Union, 190.
hemp growing in, 227.
tobacco growing in, 226.
horse breeding in, 237.
cattle breeding in, 228.
Keokuk, Iowa, dam, 23.
Kerosene, 13, 384.

Kidnaping, of labor, for colonies, 73
King, Wilford I., quoted, 24 note;

cited, 671.

and Specie Circular, 303.

victories over Indians, 197.

Kansas, 401, 408, 414.

Knights of Labor, 589ff.
Knit goods. See Textiles.
Knox v. Lee, 497.

Knox, William, 629.

Labor:

colonial, 71ff.

L

in northern colonies, 71, 72.
in middle colonies, 72.
in southern colonies, 67, 74-
during Revolution, 171f.
during critical period, 175f.
and industrial Revolution, 287.
586.

during Civil War, 385., 588f.
during World War, 684ff.

problems after World War, 692f.
migration of, to cities, 340f., 584f.
and railroads, 468.

and public lands, 413.
and the courts, 600ff.
and politics, 587f., 603ff.
and immigration, 611ff.
Labor legislation:

Federal, 600ff.

Ten-Hour Act, 587.

importation of contract labor, 589

in the Clayton Act, 603.

Adamson Act, 468.

Esch-Cummins Act, 477.

labor organizations and, 292, Chap

XXIV.

state, 600ff., 611.

687.

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 374.

Labor, of women, 288ff., 607ff.

Labor movement :

causes of, 292f., 585f.
growth of, 292f., 586ff.
Labor organization:
before 1860, 292f., 586ff.
during Civil War., 588f.
railroad brotherhoods, 589.
National Labor Union, 589.
Knights of St. Crispin, 590.
"Mollie Maguires," 590 note.
Knights of Labor, 590ff.
American Federation
593ff.

I. W. W., 598f.
policies of:

on arbitration, 597.
on boycotts, 597.

closed shop, 597.
strikes, 597.

union label, 597.

trade agreements, 597.
criticisms of, 599f.

Labor leaders, 595f.

Labor Reform party, 603f.

of

Labor,

Labor saving machinery, 233ƒƒ., 426ƒƒ.
La Follette, Robert, 471.

La Follette Seamen's Act, 246, 642ƒ.
Laissez-faire:

golden age of, 515.
decline of, 652ff.

Lakes-to-the-Gulf Deep Waterway,
482.

Lambert, John, quoted, 150.
Lancaster, Pa., 90, 94, 311.
"Land butchery":

in the colonies, 62, 65, 67, 71.
to Civil War, 217.

Land grants, to railroads, 333f., 457f.

Land speculation:

in colonies, 132.

to Civil War, 218ff.

since Civil War, 411ff.

Land tenure:

in the colonies, 52ff., 63, 68.
See Public Lands; Tenancy.

Lands, public. See Public Lands.
Lane, John, 234.

Large scale production:

in agriculture, 449.

in industry, Chap. XXIII.
Lawson, Thomas, 536.
Lead production, 15.
Leather manufacture:

in the colonies, 93.

Lee, Ann, 347.

Legal tender, in colonies, 155.

Legal tender notes. See Currency.

de Leon, Ponce, 41.

Lenox, Mass., 92.
Leonard. Henry, 92.
Leopard, 249.

119.

colonial bounties, 61.

improvements of, 237f.

treatment of, 62f., 68.

Bureau of Animal Industry, 409.
value of, in southern states, 1860,
228.

Livingston, Philip, 92.
Livingston, Robert, 237.

Lloyd, Henry Demarest, 522, 523,
quoted, 532.

Localization of industry, 282f., 555ff.
Lochner v. New York, 602.
Locke, John, 51, 124.

Loco-foco party, 587.
London Company, 46ff., 89.

Long Island, settled by Dutch, 44.
Looms:

hand, 269ff.
power, 269ff.

Lottery, government, during Revolu-

tion, 175.

Louis XIV. of France, 134.
Louisiana:

French in, 43.

purchase, 190f., 371f., 618.
cane sugar in, 70, 226f.
lumbering in, 564.

Louisville, Ky., 274, 282, 324.
Lowell, Mass., 283, 341.
Lowell, F. C., 274, 276.
Loyalists. See Tories.
Lucas, Eliza, 67ƒ.
Lumber industry, 17f.
Lumbering:

in the colonies, 80f.
westward extension of, 564.
in the south, 564ff.
Lybyer, A. H., quoted, 32.
Lynn, Mass.:

from Revolution to Civil War, z66j
textiles, 275f.
metals, 280ff.

distribution of, 282ff.

during Civil War, 388., 397.
after Civil War,
growth of, 546ff.
causes of, 549ff.

characteristics of American
532ff.

localization of, 556ƒƒ.
in northeast, 559ff.
in middle west, 561ff.
in south, 564ff.
in far west, 562.
of food, 566ff.
of clothing, 569ff.
of iron and steel, 573f.
and tariffs, 577f.

Marblehead, Mass., 88.
Marconi, Guiglielmo, 639.

Marietta, Ohio, founded, 194.
Marion, Francis, 166.

Market:

colonies as market for

country, 37f.

market for cotton, 220f.

Marquette, Father, 118.

mother

Marshall, Chief Justice, 213, 301, 462

518, 520.

Martineau, Harriet, quoted, 289f.

Marvin, W. L., quoted, 246, 253.
Maryland:

settlement, 51.

colonial agriculture, 64ff.

Mason, Captain John, 50, 51.
Mason, William, 274.

Massachusetts:

settlement of, 48ff.
colonial,

agriculture, 60ff.
industry, 78ff.

commerce, 102ff.

in the Revolution, 172f.

agriculture, 232f., 444

beginnings of factory system in

89.

child labor in, 290ff., 608.

compulsory education, 608.
Massachusetts Bay Company, 50.
Mauch-Chunk, Pa., 326.

Meat packing industry, 230, 410, 567-
Mechanics' Free Press, quoted, 291.
Medieval commerce, 27ff.

Mediums of exchange:

colonial, 103, 155.

See Currency; Coinage.

Mediterranean Sea, in medieval com

merce, 29ff.
Menendez, Pedro, 41.