OUTAGAMIE.-Surface rolling; rich clay loam soil. 354,000 acres of land: 80,000 acres cultivated, worth $25 per acre; balance valued $5. The Fox and Wolf rivers run through co.; water-power. Good railroad connections. The manufac. products of the co. average $2,500,000 per annum. County seat, Appleton. Pop. 28,716.

OZAUKEE.-North of Milwaukee. 150,000 acres of land: 140,000 acres under cultivation, worth $50 per acre: 10,000 uncultivated, worth $25 per acre. Railroads convenient. County seat, Port Washington (3000), with a fine harbor. Pop. 15,462.

PEPIN.-Surface rolling, with prairie, oak openings, marshes, and hardwood timber. 460,000 acres of land: one-half under cultivation, worth $10 to $25 per acre; the rest $6 per acre. Soil good. County seat, Durand, on the Chippewa River. Pop. 6226.

PIERCE. On western boundary of the State. Water frontage of fifty miles upon Lake St. Croix and the Mississippi. 368,000 acres of prairie and timber: 125,000 acres under cultivation; price $10 to $20 per acre; unimproved, $2 to $7 per acre. Water-power. Soil fertile. County seat, Ellsworth. Pop. 17,744.

POLK contains 622,080 acres of land: 23,500 acres under cultivation : price $5 to $15 per acre. The State, and Ry. Co. own 146,000 acres of land. Water-power. County seat, Osceola. Pop. 10,018.

PORTAGE.-516,000 acres of land: 64,000 acres under cultivation; desirable unimproved lands, from $2:50 to $10 per acre. Western portion of co. heavily timbered. Wis. River flows through co. Railroads. Stevens Point (3000) is the county seat. Pop. 17,731.

Fine farms.

PRICE contains 691,200 acres of land: one-fifth cultivated. Thirty-three per cent. of land owned by Govt.; 25 per cent. by Wis. Central Ry. Water-power. Soil a rich clay loam. The Spirit Lakes are a cluster of little bodies of water, the source of Spirit River. Lumber manufacture. County seat, Phillips. Pop. 785.

RACINE.-Beautifully situated on Lake Michigan. Fine farming lands. 210,000 acres of land: 200,000 acres are under cultivation; price $35 per acre; uncultivated, $20. County town, Racine (12,000 inhabitants), is a lake port; has large manufac. estabs.; good railroad connections. Pop. 30,921.

RICHLAND.-370 acres of land: one-fourth under cultivation: threefourths of balance tillable; average price, $10 per acre. Soil good. Waterpower; 50 saw, flouring, and carding mills. Brick clay. Stone quarries. County seat, Richland Center. Pop. 18,174.

ROCK.-450,000 acres of land under cultivation. Water-power: beautiful well-kept farms. Land finely diversified, worth $50 per acre. Cotton and shoe factories; 20 flouring mills, 3 woollen mills, and wagon manufactories. Agriculture principal interest. Railroads. County seat, Janesville (12,000). Pop. 38,823.

SAUK.-450,000 acres of land: 150,000 acres cultivated, worth $15 per acre; balance $5 per acre. Soil fertile; farms well improved. Wine made. Hops grown. Water-power. Stone quarries (white marble). Iron works at fronton. Famous Devil's Lake. County seat, Baraboo (2000). Pop. 28,729.

SHAWANO Contains 1,600,000 acres: 100,000 under cultivation : all tillable; price $5 per acre. Govt. has 200,000 acres; State, 150,000 acres of poor quality. Water-power. Iron, stone quarries, flint-sand for glass. Large number of lakes and rivers. Farming and lumbering chief industries. County seat, Shawano. Pop. 10,361.

SHEBOYGAN.-On Lake Michigan; a fine harbor; 7000 inhab.; 25 flouring and 40 saw mills in co.; land well timbered; excellent soil. 300,000 acres of land in co., three-fourths under cultivation, worth $30 per acre; uncultivated, $5. County seat, Sheboygan. Pop. 34,206.

ST. CROIX.-500,000 acres of land: three-fifths under cultivation, held at $20 per acre; 35,000 acres of Govt. and ry. lands. Rivers traverse co.; water-powers; lakes. The St. Croix River navigable; boats run to Hudson, the county seat (3000). Farming, milling, and manufacturing chief industries. Pop. 18,956.

TAYLOR has 599,080 acres of land: 1950 under cultivation; nearly all tillable. Land worth $2.50 to $8 per acre; 25 per cent. owned by Govt. and 25 per cent. by Wiscon. Ry. Rivers furnish water-powers. Granite. Lakes numerous. All kinds of timber. County seat, Medford. Pop.

2311.

TREMPEALEAU.-On the Mississippi. 50,000,000, acres of land: 265,000 acres occupied, and worth $10 per acre. Co. well watered. Good building stone quarries. Agriculture. County seat, Whitehall. Pop. 17,187.

VERNON.-544,000 acres of land; one-third cultivated, worth $25 per acre; balance valued $4 per acre. Soil good for agriculture; water-power. Eastern part heavily timbered, western being prairie land; wheat crops. Railroad. County seat, Viroqua. Pop. 23,235.

WALWORTH.-Prosperous district; beautiful farms; thriving cities. 368,640 acres of cultivated land, nearly all used for farming and grazing, worth $50 per acre. County seat, Elkhorn (2000); and the chief city, Whitewater (5000). Beautiful lakes; 20 flouring, 7 saw mills, 1 woollen factory, iron-works, machine shops, and 40 other manufactories. Railroads. Pop. 26,249.

WASHINGTON.-There are 300,000 acres of land: 200,000 cultivated, and worth $50 per acre; 100,000 uncultivated, worth $5 to $20 per acre. Flouring and saw mills, woollen factories, iron-works, etc. Fine forest. County seat, West Bend (1,200). Pop. 23,442.

WAUKESHA.-Rich in lakes and small streams. Soil highly productive. County beautiful; frequented by pleasure-seekers. County seat, Waukesha, the location of Bethesda and Silurian Mineral Springs. 320,000 acres of land two-thirds under cultivation, valued at $40 per acre; the rest at $10. Stone quarries, Pop. 28,957.

WAUPACA.-483,800 acres: 75,000 under cultivation, price $10 per acre. Water-power, stone quarries, and brick-yards. Small lakes and streams. The Wolf (navigable), Waupaca, and Embarrass are the chief rivers. Agriculture, dairy, and sheep husbandry, are chief industries. County seat, Waupaca. Pop. 20,954.

WAUSHARA.-400,000 acres of land: 125,625 acres tion; 175,000 acres tillable; price from $5 to $15. Water-power. Stone quarries and brickyards worked.

under cultivaSoil middling. Numerous rivers

and lakes. Farming, lumbering, and stock-raising are chief industries. County seat, Wautoma. Pop. 12,688.

WINNEBAGO.-On the west shore of Lake Winnebago. 270,000 acres of land: 210,000 acres cultivated, worth $30 per acre; 60,000 acres uncultivated. Fox and Wolf rivers run through co. Water-power; 22 flouring and 45 saw mills, 7 machine-shops, and 34 other factories run by waterpower; limestone quarries, clay for brick, sand for glass. Soil, vegetable mold to clay or sandy loam. Fine farms. County seat, Oshkosh (18,000). Steamboats and railways. Pop. 42,741.

WOOD.-530,000 acres of land: 45,000 under cultivation; price $10. Water-power; timber; stone quarries. Wisconsin, Black, and Yellow rivers traverse the co. Railroads excellent. County seat, Grand Rapids (2000). Pop. 8,981.

Sowing time for spring wheat extends from the last week in March to the third week in April in Wisconsin. Winter wheat is sown in September. July and August are the harvest months.

The manufactures of Wisconsin are principally flour, lumber, leather, agricultural implements, iron, wagons and carriages, beer, lead, and woollens. The number of factories in 1870 were 7,136; hands employed, 39,055; value of product, $85,624,966.

Madison is the political capital of the State. It is encircled by lakes with wooded margins, dotted over with glistening sails and jets of steam in summer. The Capitol and other public buildings of this city are handsome. Madison is a delightful place the most delightful capital in the United States. Milwaukee is the chief commercial city. Next come Oshkosh, on Lake Winnebago, a wellbuilt and busy town; and Fond du Lac, Racine, La Crosse, Kenosha, Watertown, Eau Claire, Appleton, Sheboygan, Manitowoc, and many others, including Waukesha, a "bonny" town, within an hour's ride of Milwaukee, boasting a mineral spring of undoubted healing power.

The characteristics of Wisconsin's climate are-hot dry atmosphere in summer, with cold invigorating winters. Both the heat of summer and the cold of winter are moderated by Lake Michigan, in the counties which border it. Milwaukee harbor is closed by ice for about three

months in the year. In the northern counties the winters are long and severe, and the summers hot. Autumn is the most pleasant season, and is very enjoyable. The "Indian summer" comes in November, when the atmosphere is most genial. Then come snow and frost, and the earth is locked in ice till spring. The temperature may be further ascertained from the following table.

The annual average temperature, taken at Madison and Green Bay, shows the following result:

The annual average rainfall at Milwaukee is 30-40 inches.

The State debt amounted to $2,252,057 in 1880. Taxable property was valued as follows:-Real, $350,082,799; personal, $95,499,921. State tax on $100, 15 cents. Legal interest, 7 per cent.; rate allowed by contract, 10 per

cent.

There is generally a demand for good mechanics in the cities and towns; and farm hands find ready employment, especially during the harvest months. Skilled workmen receive from $2 to $3.50 per day-the wages of a day and a half will cover the expense of a week's board and lodgings. Farm hands receive $25 per month during the harvest season, and $14.76 per month by the year. Servant girls are paid from $8 to $12 per month.

Price of working oxen, about $80 per pair; horses, $132 each; mules, $100 each; milch cows, $38 each; and sheep, $3 each.

Fare from a British port to Milwaukee:-Steerage and emigrant train, £9, 4s.; steerage and first-class rail, £11.

CHAPTER XXXIX.

WYOMING.

Area, 97,883 square miles.

Population, 20,000.

Governor, JOHN W. HOYT. Capital, Cheyenne.

WYOMING (Wi-ó-ming), as its euphonious name indicates, is a country of "large plains." The Rockies penetrate the Territory from north-west to south-east. Eccentric chains of the great mountains stretch out in many directions over the southern division of Wyoming; and the Black Hills, now quite famous as a gold-producing region, lie partly in this Territory and partly in that of Dakota. Laramie Plains, in southern Wyoming, are a vast area containing 7,000 square miles of table land. This is among the best agricultural regions in the Territory. The soil is a rich sandy loam, covered with luxuriant grasses, admirably suited for stock-raising. Tributaries of North and South forks of the Platte River bisect this district; but a scarcity of water is a drawback in some localities: rains are, however, reported "frequent and opportune." West of the Rocky Mountains there is a great deal of bad land. In that region, and notably in the vicinities of Bridger's Pass and Bitter Creek, both hills and plains are desert land of ashy hue-the remains of a volcanic period. Elsewhere the valleys are often fertile,