4. Flowers, ferns, or shrubs must not be picked, nor may any damage be done to the trees.

5. Vehicles and horses may be left only at the places designated for this purpose.

6. Lunches may be eaten only at the spots marked out for such use, and all refuse and litter must be placed in the receptacles provided.

7. Pollution of the water in any manner is prohibited. It must be kept clean enough for drinking purposes.

8. No drinking saloon or barroom will be permitted.

9. Persons rendering themselves obnoxious by disorderly conduct or bad behavior or who may violate any of the foregoing rules will be summarily removed.

Muir Woods National Monument, Cal., in T. 1 N., R. 6 W., Mount Diablo meridian; created January 9, 1908.

While the sundry civil act approved May 27, 1908 (35 Stat., 317), was pending before Congress attention was called to the fact that no provision was made for the salaries of custodians or for other protection of national monuments, as recommended in the estimates for these services, and that the department would be embarrassed in its efforts to protect monuments from vandalism and unauthorized exploration or spoliation because of a lack of funds. The department had recommended an appropriation of $5,000 for these purposes. No appropriation, however, was made by Congress for the purpose. On July 11, 1910, Andrew Lind, of California, was appointed custodian of the Muir Woods National Monument, at a salary of $900 per annum, payable from the appropriation "Protection of public lands and timber," and he is still in charge.

These lands consist of one of the most noted redwood groves in the State of California, and were held in private ownership by Mr. Kent. The tract is of great scientific interest, contains many redwood trees which have grown to a height of 300 feet and have a diameter at the butt of 18 feet or more. It is located in a direct line about 7 miles from San Francisco, Cal., and is in close proximity to a large and growing suburban population.

In Mr. Lind's report for the year he states:

During the fiscal year 1915 the amount of $960 was expended from the appropriation for " Protecting public lands, timber, etc., 1915," on account of the Muir Woods National Monument, this amount being expended entirely for services of the custodian and his assistant.

The custodian and his assistant have been engaged exclusively in patrolling the park, enforcing the rules and regulations governing national monuments, and in removing fallen trees, branches, etc., from the roads and trails.

It is estimated that approximately 25,000 people visited the park during the year. The bad weather experienced during the first five months of the calendar year 1915 has resulted in a reduction of the number of visitors.

The condition of the roads and trails in the park remains unchanged, except that in the Ocean View trail, along the east side of the park, the brush has grown to a considerable height. The brush in the fire lanes has also grown considerably.

It is recommended that the sum of $500 be expended for cleaning the existing fire lanes and for removing brush from the Ocean View trail. Attention is respectfully invited to the fact that these fire lanes have not been cleaned since July, 1912; in their present condition they are practically no protection to the monument.

PINNACLES NATIONAL MONUMENT.

This national monument, created by proclamation of January 16, 1908, embraces 2,091.21 acres of land, of which approximately 1,900 acres is under governmental control, a small portion having been patented to private ownership prior to creation of the monument.

The name is derived from the spirelike formations arising from 600 to 1,000 feet from the floor of the canyon, forming a landmark visible many miles in every direction. Many of the rocks are so precipitous that they can not be scaled. A series of caves, opening one into the other, lie under each of the groups of rock. These caves vary greatly in size, one in particular, known as the Banquet Hall, being about 100 feet square with a ceiling 30 feet high. The caves are entered through narrow canyons with perpendicular rock walls and overhanging bowlders. One huge stone, called the Temple Rock, is almost cubical in form. It stands alone in the bottom of the canyon and its walls rise perpendicularly to a height of over 200 feet. There are also several specimens of "balancing rocks" in each of the groups. The pinnacles, domes, caves, and subterranean passages of the monument are awe-inspiring on close inspection, and are well worth a visit by tourists and lovers of nature in its primitive

state.

There are two groups of the so-called Pinnacles Rocks, known locally as the Big Pinnacles and the Little Pinnacles. The general characteristics of the two groups are similar. Each covers an area of about 160 acres very irregular in outline. There are springs of good water in what are known as the Chalone and Bear Creek gorges.

There are no stage lines to the monument. The best means of reaching the monument is by private conveyance over private roads

from either Soledad or Gonzales, in Monterey County, Cal., stations on the main line of the Southern Pacific Railway distant, respectively, 12 and 14 miles; or from Hollister, in San Benito County (also on the Southern Pacific), distant 35 miles. There is a good public highway from Hollister to within about 6 miles of the monument, from which a private road runs through several ranches for about 4 miles that is passable for automobiles. Between the end of the private road and the main gorge of the monument a road passable for teams leads up the bed of Chalone Creek. The route from Hollister is the most direct, as it leads to the east side of the pinnacles, where the gorges and caves are easily accessible, while the routes from Soledad or Gonzales lead to the west side and necessitate a journey, either by foot or saddle horse, to the eastern side to reach the caves and gorges.

Pinnacles National Monument, Cal.; embraces parts of Tps. 16 and 17 S., R. 7 E, M. D. M.; created January 16, 1908.

TUMACACORI NATIONAL MONUMENT.

This monument embraces 10 acres of land in Santa Cruz County, Ariz., about 57 miles south of Tucson and 17 miles north of Nogales, relinquished to the United States by a homestead entryman for the purposes specified in the act of June 8, 1906. Upon the tract is located a very ancient Spanish mission ruin, dating it is thought from the latter part of the sixteenth century, built by Jesuit priests from Spain and operated by them for over a hundred years.

After the year 1769 priests belonging to the order of Franciscan Fathers took charge of the mission and repaired its crumbling walls, maintaining peaceable possession thereof for about 60 years. In the early part of the nineteenth century the mission was attacked by Apache Indians, who drove the priests away and disbanded the peaceable Papago Indians residing in the vicinity of the mission. When found by the Americans, about the year 1850, the mission was in a condition of ruin.

The ruins as they stand consist of the walls and tower of an old church building, the walls of a mortuary chamber at the north end of the church building, and a court or church yard, surrounded by an adobe wall 24 feet thick and 6 feet high.

The walls of the church building are 6 feet thick, built of adobe and plastered both inside and outside with lime mortar 1 inch thick. The dome over the altar and the belfry tower are constructed of burned brick, this being one of the characteristics of the architecture of the mission, in which respect the construction differs from other early Spanish missions. Inside the dimensions of the church are 18 feet wide by 75 feet in length. The part used for the altar is situate at the north end. It is 18 feet square, surmounted with a circular dome, finished on the inside with white plaster decorated or frescoed in colors. The plaster and decorations are in a good state of preservation, but the altar is entirely gone. On the east of the altar room there is a sanctuary chamber, 16 by 20 feet, 20 feet high, covered with a circular roof built of burned brick, supported in the center by an arch. This is the only part of the mission which is now roofed over. In the south end of the church there was an arched partition which formed a vestibule. This partition has been removed. The outside wall of the north end of the church building is decorated with white plaster studded at regular intervals with clusters made of fragments of broken slag and broken brick.

About 25 feet north of the church building, and in the center of the churchyard, there is a circular mortuary chamber. The wall is 3 feet thick by 16 feet high, built of adobe, surmounted on the top with a row of ornamental cornice brick (made of burned brick). The chamber has one entrance. The walls were originally decorated on the outside with white plaster studded with fragments of red brick.

The entrance to the church is at the south and has an arched doorway. The arch has partially broken out and the wall above thereby weakened. To the east of the entrance there is a room, about 18 feet square, with a winding stairway inside leading up to the belfry. The stairs, however, are gone, only the adobe walls on which the stairs were built being left. Access to the belfry is gained by means of this old stairway. This room is surmounted with the belfry tower, which is constructed of burned brick. The walls supporting the tower are adobe, and are rapidly wearing away. The support under the southwest corner of the belfry is now gone, and the brickwork is overhanging with no support and liable to fall at any time. Through action of the elements the church, appurtenant buildings, and inclosing walls are in a very bad state of ruin, most of the roofs having long since fallen in and portions of the main building having become undermined. No preservative or restorative measures have been taken, and until funds become available therefor much further deterioration is to be expected.

On March 19, 1915, the department appointed Mr. W. E. Balcom, of Tubac, Ariz., custodian of this monument. Mr. Balcom has for the past seven years lived on a ranch immediately adjoining the monument, and has done important service in protecting the ruins from vandalism.

20.00 Chains

The State highway between Tucson and Nogales passes the mission and is a good automobile road. The Tucson-Nogales branch of the Southern Pacific Railway passes within a mile of the mission, the nearest railroad station being Tubac, 3 miles to the north.

The best means of travel for the public in reaching the monument is by auto mail hack which leaves Nogales, Ariz., every morning except Monday, arriving at the ruin at 10 a. m., and leaving by the same automobile far Nogales at 5.30 p. m. The round-trip fare is $3.

Tumacacori National Monument, Ariz., embracing the E. NW. SW. SE. and the W. NE. SW. SE. 1, sec. 30, T. 21 S., R. 13 E., Gila and Salt River meridian; created September 15, 1908.

MUKUNTUWEAP NATIONAL MONUMENT.

The Mukuntuweap National Monument, Utah, embraces the magnificent gorge of Zion Creek, called the Mukuntuweap Canyon by the Powell Topographic Survey of southwestern Utah, Kanab sheet, and the same is of the greatest scientific interest. The canyon walls are smooth, vertical, sandstone precipices, from 800 to 2,000 feet deep. These walls are unscalable within the limits of the boundaries of the reserve, except at one point about 4 miles from the southern and 6 miles from the northern extremity. The North Fork of the Rio Virgin passes through the canyon, and it is stated that the views into

ains