fluid ounce; white sugar, one-quarter avoirdupois ounce; water, six fluid ounces. Mix the anilin with the alcohol, add the glycerin; dissolve the sugar in the water and add. Of black anilin or negrosine, double the quantity is required. How To Destroy Moths and Worms(99).—An exchange says that from all quarters there come inquiries about destroying moths and worms in carpets, rugs, furniture and clothing. If the piece of furniture or rug be very valuable, the quickest and surest way is to send it to one of the many places where they clean with steam heat or naphtha; but one can do a great deal at home if one will only be thorough. For the stuffed furniture use naphtha freely. Put the article on the piazza and pour a gallon of naphtha into it, being sure that every part is saturated. After a day or two repeat the process, and I think you will find that both worms and eggs are destroyed. Still, it will be necessary to keep a close watch; for it is more difficult to destroy the eggs than the worms, and they may be hatched out after days, or even weeks, have passed. I know that if the naphtha be used again at this time the trouble will be at an end. Furs and woolen garments should be well beaten and then saturated with naphtha. There is no danger in this generous use of the fluid out of doors, but in the house great care must be exercised. Windows should be opened, and there should be no light or fire in the room for several days if naphtha has been used in large quantities. When rugs or carpets are attacked have two hot irons ready. Wet with hot water the parts that are affected. Place several thicknesses of wet cloth over this and apply the hot iron, which should stand there for at least ten minutes, that the steam may penetrate every part. When all is done, pour on naphtha; also pour it about the edges of the carpet. Remember that wiping with naphtha has no effect; it must be a generous bath. Bear in mind also, that the danger from the fluid comes from the gas, and that the windows are to be opened, and no fire or light allowed in the room during the work, or for a few hours after it is done. Prescription-Dispensing Ethics (100).—If a druggist is alone in the store putting up two prescriptions, and there comes transient trade, not knowing what they want is he supposed to leave his prescriptions and attend to the transient people, while his prescription patient is waiting? We have asked several prominent pharmacists for expressions on this subject, and give their views below: "Under the existing conditions from which pharmacy is suffering at the present time, the ideal pharmacist of former days must give way to the commercial merchant of to-day. Ninety per cent of all prescriptions presented are composed of ready-made or of a proprietary character, and require but little skill in compounding and corresponding less close attention. Therefore, we should not hesitate to attend to the wants of a customer that might come in under such circumstances. Should it, on the other hand, be of the 10 per cent character, where it requires care and skill in the compounding, we would not allow our attention to be diverted during the compounding under any ordinary circumstance.-[ALBERT E. EBERT, Chicago, Ill. Your subscriber's query does not admit of a reply that would settle it once for all. A druggist must exercise common sense and courtesy at all times. Hence, if he is putting up a couple of prescriptions and a transient customer comes in, compounding. But in order to show proper attention his first duty is to the one whose prescription he is to customer No. 2, he will endeavor to excuse himself to No. 1 for a minute or two; but if he finds that No. 2's wants will take much time to attend to, he will endeavor to excuse himself to him while No. 1's prescription is being filled. Usually, by a great deal of tact and genuine politeness, with a due recognition of what is due to all, he will hold both customers and serve them satisfactorily.-[W. M. SEARBY, San Francisco, Cal. Goa Powder (101), or crude chrysarobin, is a substance found in longitudinal fissures in the trunk of Andira araroba, Aguiar (N.O. Leguminosa), a large tree common in the damp forests of Bahia, Brazil. The Pharmaceutical Journal says: It appears to be a pathological product, formed by the breaking down of the walls of parenchymatous and prosenchymatous cells, and of vessels; the resulting cavities, which are found filled with araroba, are often of considerable size. After a tree is felled, the trunk is sawed into lengths, which are split longitudinally, and the yellowish powder in the cavities is then scraped out, mixed with fragments of wood and other debris. It is roughly purified, after exportation, by sifting to remove foreign matters, and is then dried and powdered. Another method of purification is to grind the crude drug, exhaust it by boiling with chloroform or benzene, evaporate the solution to dryness, and powder the residue; but an active constituent is said to be left in the exhausted drug after treatment by this method, being insoluble in chloroform or benzene. Goa powder is used only for the preparation of chrysarobin, which it contains associated with chrysophanic acid. Characters and Tests.-Goa powder varies in color from brownish-yellow to amber brown, according as it consists more or less of chrysarobin free from impurities. It should yield not less than fifty per cent of chrysarobin on treatment with hot chloroform. Chrysophanic acid is found in the drug in varying quantities, as well as an amorphous resin and a substance not soluble in chloroform. Araroba melts when heated, giving off yellow fumes, and finally burns, leaving not more than 1 per cent of ash. Note. The distinctive characters of goa powder are its color and the presence of chrysarobin. Much of the purified araroba of commerce is said to be obtained by exhausting the crude drug with an aqueous solution of a caustic alkali and subsequently precipitating the filtered liquid by adding an acid. BOARDS OF PHARMACY. Board of Pharmacy of West Virginia. The board met and re-elected the old officers. The following by-law was adopted: "All applicants for examination must come before the board and give not less than ten days' notice to secretary of their intention of taking examination." Meetings will be held at the following places: Fairmont-July 19, 9 a. m., 1900. Mr. E. B. Hall, Ph. G., of Parkersburg, has been appointed to take the place of Mr. Pfost, whose term expired April 1.-[W. S. HAMILTON, Fairmont. Board of Pharmacy of Virginia.-The fourteenth annual meeting was held in Richmond, March 19 to 24. Of the sixty-one (61) candidates, the following passed successfully: Six Thousand Barrels of Whiskey are to be shipped from a bonded warehouse at Baltimore, they having reached the limit of their free storage without duty, having been in bond within a few months of eight years, for which time, by provision of the law, this commodity may be stored without being subjected to the internal revenue tax of $1.10 per gallon. It will be shipped across the ocean and stored in warehouses in England and Germany,, and will be nearly all shipped back if the demand arises. The ocean voyage increases its excellence and its market value, and it may return within a year to supply the heavy demand and give a return that pays, over the cost that it represents to produce the article. Be Conscientious in the discharge of every duty. Do your work thoroughly. No one can rise who slights his work. KANSAS DEPARTMENT. The Twenty-first Annual Meeting of the Kansas Pharmaceutical Association will be held in Hutchinson on May 22, 23 and 24. I have been informed by the local secretary and other committees that this will be one of the largest and most enjoyable meetings that we have had in several years. Preparations being made are on an elaborate scale. Already preparations are being made for a grand attendance from the middle and western portions of the State. We have already arranged the railroad transportation on the basis of one and one-third fares, on the certificate plan. Don't forget to call for your certificate when you buy your ticket. PROGRAM. Tuesday, May 22.-Opening Session. 10:00 a. m.-Prayer by Rev. Irwin. Address by Charles Williams. Response. Roll call. Reading of minutes. President's address. Reception of guests and delegates. Reports of officers and delegates. Election of new members. Communications. Adjournment. 1:30 p. m.-Unfinished business. Reception of guests and delegates. Questions for discussions of papers. 8:00 p. m.-Reception and musicale. Wednesday, May 23. 9:00 a. m.-Unfinished business. Communications. Election of new members. General business. Reception of officers and delegates. Election of officers for ensuing year. 1:00 p. m.-Concert and outdoor sports at parks. 9:00 a. m.-Installation of officers. Reports of committees. Reports of committee on president's address Selection of next meeting place. Announcement of committees by president. 1:30 p. m.-Carriage drive to the State Reformatory and salt plants. To Cool Water Without Ice.-Where ice cannot be procured, water may be cooled by wrapping the pitcher containing it in a towel of loose texture which has been previously impregnated with ammonium nitrate (and dried), and moistening this with water. The same towel may be used repeatedly after being dried each time.-[Phar. Rev. Oil of Tansy for the St. Louis market is supplied by Michigan distillers. NOTES ON PHARMACOGNOSY. BY OTTO A. WALL, M. D., PH. G. [Copyrighted.] [Continued from page 123.] notched, unequal at the base, margin entire and slightly revolute or rolled back on the under surface of the leaflet, smooth, pellucid-punctate, grayish or dull green color; odor slightly aromatic when bruised JABORANDI. and taste somewhat pungent and bitter. C. The alkaloid pilocarpine, volatile oil, etc. -U. Sialagogue and diaphoretic. Dose: 1 to 5 grams, in infusion or fluid extract. The illustrations show a whole leaf, as it occurs in the drug; a leaflet (a) natural size, showing venation; a portion of epidermis of under surface, slightly enlarged, showing gland dots (6); the same more highly enlarged, by reflected light (d) and by transmitted light (e). GROUP XLIX. Simple Herbaceous Leaves. An herbaceous leaf has delicate and soft epidermis and the vessels and prosenchyma cells of the skeleton are but slightly or not at all lignified, so that on drying it shrinks in every direction, becoming thinner and smaller than the growing leaf before gathering. In the drugs of this group many leaves are much shrunken and crumpled, so that they must be softened by steaming or infusing before they can be flattened out for examination, and most of them are so much broken that perfectly shaped leaves are not always easily obtained. Hyoscyamus, Maidenhair Fern, Tea, the drugs of Group IX, Flowering Tops, and the Inflorescence of Tilia may easily be mistaken for simple herbaceous leaves, and attention is therefore called to them here. See also introductory remarks to group IX. Broadly ovate, thin, smooth, 5 to 15 cm. long, petiolate, apex tapering, margin entire; usually as "tops" with two unequal leaves at nodes..... Ovate, 10 to 30 cm. long, petiolate, margin crenate, reticulate on under surface, densely hairy..... Lanceolate, about 10 to 15 cm. long, apex acute, base unequally cordate, margin finely crenulate, under surface with prominent venation and deeply reticulate..... Belladonnæ Folía. Digitalis. Matico. Obliquely ovate or oval, about 10 cm. long, short petiolate, margin irregularly sinuate or wavy-toothed. Hamamelis. Ovate to oblong lanceolate, acu minate, petiolate, 15 to 25 cm. long, from 5 to 8 cm. broad, evenly feather-veined, margin serrate........ Castanea. Ovate, petiolate, about 15 to 25 cm. long, margin irregularly sinuously lobed or toothed, much wrinkled and broken... Oblong or oval-lanceolate, 10 to 30 cm. long, petiole broadly winged, apex acute, margin crenate, grayfelty or hairy... Large peltate leaf, about 9-lobed, up to 50 cm. or more across, lobes acuminate, margin serrate, much wrinkled and broken.. Oval or ovate, lanceolate, up to 50 cm. long, apex acute, margin entire, brown... Rolled into small balls or cylinders; grayish-green, bluish-green, to blackish......... Ovate, irregularly lobed leaves, up to 25 cm. long, gray-green, hairy; usually as leafy tops; flowers or capsules within persistent calyces often present... Stramonii Folia. Verbasci Folia. . Ricini Folia. Tabacum. Thea. · Hyoscyamus. 0. N. Belladonna Leaves, Deadly Night-Shade. The leaves of Atropa Belladonna; Solaneceæ.— H. Europe and Asia; cultivated in Europe and America. D. Broadly ovate, up to 15 cm. long, half as broad, apex acuminate, base tapering, petiolate, margin entire, thin and wrinkled, smooth brownish-green on upper and grayish-green on under surfaces, both surfaces with minute whitish dots when examined with a lens; odor, if any, somewhat narcotic, taste disagreeable and bitter.-c. The alkaloid atropine is [To be Continued.] N. A. R. D. The Seattle (Wash.) druggists are now in line with the N. A. R. D. The Columbus (Ohio) Association has adopted the Louisville certificate plan. Tongaline has been placed at the $8.00 per dozen mark by the manufacturers. Individual Druggists cannot join the N. A. R. D. They must come in through a local organization. The Elgin Milkine Company, Elgin, Ill., has adopted a new price list. The prices now ruling are $2.00, $4.00, $8.00, $16.00 and $32.00. Illinois Active.-An organization will be formed of the 500 retail druggists in four tiers of counties in Northern Illinois, exclusive of Cook County. Prompt Pharmacists.-Over 90 per cent of the members of the Philadelphia Association of Retail Druggists paid their semi-annual dues without solicitation. The Druggists of Tarrant County (Fort Worth), Texas, have organized an association and elected L. M. Whitsitt, president, and J. P. Brashear, secretary. They Enjoy Full Prices.-Since the first of the year the druggists of Asheville, N. C., have been receiving full prices for all proprietaries—another instance of the beneficial influence of the N. A. R. D. The New Officers of the Schuylkill County (Pa.) Pharmaceutical Association are: Paul W. Houck, president, and Louis C. Voshage, secretary and treasurer (re-elected). The association is in excellent working condition. The Knoxville (Tenn.) Retail Druggists' Association is composed of almost the entire drug trade of this flourishing city of 40,000. The officers are: D. A. Rosenthal, president, and John C. Moore, secretary and treasurer. Of course, the association joins the N. A. R. D. The St. Louis Suit.-In answer to several inquiries on the subject, it should be stated that the action brought against the members of the St. Louis Apothecaries' Association by the Attorney-General of Missouri, was thrown out of court and that there is little or no likelihood of its reinstatement. Was 25 Cents, Now Fifty.-In order to clear up any misunderstanding that may exist in reference thereto, it should be stated that the assessment upon the members of the affiliated societies for the fiscal year ending December 31, 1900, is 50 cents. The assessment for the fiscal year ending December 31, 1899, was 25 cents per capita. The Organization of the Chicago Druggists by wards is progressing in a thoroughly satisfactory manner. Each ward club organized becomes a component part of the Chicago Retail Druggists' Asso ciation, which is to be changed to a delegate body composed of representatives of each of the thirty-five wards. Vigorous work is being done in every section of the city. The R. T. Booth Company, of Ithaca, N.Y., have reduced their price on Booth's Hyomei to $8.00 per dozen. Writing to the Chicago Retail Druggists' Association under date of March 8, the firm says: "You will find that the R. T. Booth Co. are always ready to do anything in their power to prevent cutting of prices and keeping their goods out of the dry goods and department stores. Any information that you can give us where parties are selling Hyomei at less than 85c will be greatly appreciated by us, and we will see that such parties are debarred from handling our preparations." The Associated Retail Druggists of San Francisco is a live organization and has done some excellent work. Secretary Ladd writes under recent date: "The first of the year a new form of municipal government was adopted in this city, and under that law all druggists are called upon to pay a license of $31.00 per quarter for the privilege of selling spirituous liquors. The arrangement is manifestly unfair and has caused much dissatisfaction, and we are bending every energy to get relief, with some hope of success. We hope in a short time to have a Pacific Coast organization well under way." Full Prices the First Consideration.—The national officers are receiving, from time to time, valuable suggestions as to needed reforms which the N. A. R. D. ought to undertake. These suggestions are gratefully received and will have the attention they deserve; but the crying evil of the hour-price cuttingis deservedly receiving just now most of the attention of the executive officers. This, together with the work of organizing new societies and strengthening those already in existence, the repeal of the war revenue tax, and the amending of the trade-mark and patent laws, is furnishing an outlet for an infinite amount of energy, but all other needed reforms will in due time receive attention. The Following Associations have recently been admitted to membership: March 19-Fountain County (Covington), Ind., no cutting; A. M. Booe, president, J. P. Buckner, secretary. March 31 -Los Angeles County (Los Angeles), Cal., seventy members; F. C. Wolf, president, Frank N. Drake, secretary. March 19Tacoma, Wash.; L. U. Sattlerlee, president, A. Davidson, secretary. March 26-Santa Clara County (San Jose), Cal., no cutting; C. W. Fisher, president, J. G. Munson, secretary. Each of these associations represent most of the trade of their respective territories and are working to bring into their membership the druggists not now affiliated. National Treasurer Heller has received donations from the Asheville (N. C.) and Santa Clara County (Cal.) associations; also from Dr. Evans, Mt. Horeb, Wis.; W. H. Dement, Moville, Ia.; and N. Buseith, Deerfield, Wis. Do Not Look for blemishes continuously, for if you do, you'll find them. MALARIA AND MOSQUITOES. On March 2, Major Ronald Ross, D. P. H., M. R. C. S., gave a lecture on this subject before the Royal Institution, of London. The following is an abstract: "Pringle, a celebrated Anglo-Indian army surgeon, studied the mode of the spread of malarial and connected it with stagnant water. He thought it was caused by a mist rising from the ground. In the middle of the nineteenth century a black pigment, called the malaria pigment or melanin, was found in the blood liver, and spleen of malarial patients. In 1880 Laveran discovered the parasite of malaria by observing in its body the substance melanin. The parasite is a unicellular organism, one of Protozoa. He and other scientific men made an exhaustive study of these parasites within the human body. They found that the organisms increase in the blood by means of spores. A spore enters a corpuscle, increases in size, reaches maturity, and divides into a number of spores which are liberated by the bursting of the mass. This process is continued ad infinitum. "There are several types of this organism, which are found in men, monkeys, bats, frogs and birds. It is a curious fact that there are produced also other bodies, crescentic in shape in one species; they are sexual, and therefore are termed gametocytes. "In the blood they have no function, but after exposure to air for a few minutes these crescentic bodies become oval, then spherical, and after fifteen minutes develop into a number of wriggling bodies. Several theories were put forward to account for their presence; Laveran held that they were part of a living process, while others considered their production to be associated with the death of the organism. "In 1883 King found that malaria was conveyed by mosquitoes, and various theories were put forward by Laveran, Manson and Bignami. Manson's theory was the only one of these which was of practical value, and it was Manson's theory alone which led to the solution of this great problem. Manson con sidered that the wriggling bodies were connected with the disease, being disseminated by some suctorial insect, just as the Texas cattle-fever is carried by a tick. The author undertook to verify Manson's theory and began work in India, at Secunderabad, in 1895. The task was attended by great difficulties. Over 1,000 mosquitoes of the genus Culex were examined during two and a quarter years, without result; he then went into a malarial district and found a different species-Culex fatigans, of the genus Anopheles— with spotted wings. On examination, the parasite was found in its stomach. "The next year he completely traced the development of the malaria parasite of birds in the mosquito, and finally succeeded in infecting a number of certain healthy birds-viz., sparrows and larks-with malaria by the bites of mosquitoes in July, 1898. It was proved that the wriggling bodies were not zoospores, but microgametes of two sexes, by the fusion of which a zygote was formed. One interesting point may be mentioned in speaking of the mosquito. It is not, as is generally supposed, an ephemeral insect living only for a day, but is capable of living for months it regularly fed. Indeed, Bancroft has kept them alive for two and a half months in Australia. "In December, 1898, these investigations were repeated and confirmed by Koch and Grassi, and by Bignami and Bastianelli, who also succeeded in infecting healthy men by the bites of mosquitoes in Italy. Since then great developments have taken place in the investigations. In August, 1899, the malaria expedition was sent to Sierra Leone, in order to study the habits of the malarial mosquito in that colony, with a view to the prevention of the disease. The mosquito theory explains all the facts known about malaria, and no objections are raised against it. The prevention of the malaria may be attained by the destruction of Anopheles." |