in the premises, and to the end that no person or persons may be induced to enter upon said lands where they will not be allowed to remain without the permission of the authority aforesaid, I, Grover Cleveland, President of the United States, do hereby declare and proclaim the said Executive order of February 27, 1885, to be in contravention of the treaty obligations of the United States with the Sioux tribe of Indians and therefore to be inoperative and of no effect; and I further declare that the lands intended to be embraced therein are existing Indian reservations and as such available for Indian purposes above and subject to the Indian intercourse acts of the United States. I do further warn and admonish all and every person or persons now in the occupation of said lands under color of said Executive order, and all such person or persons as are intending or preparing to enter and settle upon the same thereunder, that they will neither be permitted to remain nor enter upon said lands, and such persons as are already there are hereby required to vacate and remove therefrom with their effects within sixty days from the date hereof; and in case a due regard for and voluntary obedience to the laws and treaties of the United States and this admonition and warning be not sufficient to effect the purpose and intentions as herein declared, all the power of the Government will be employed to carry into proper execution the treaties and laws of the United States herein referred to.

In testimony whereof I hereunto set my hand and cause the seal of the United States to be affixed.

Done at the city of Washington this seventeenth day of April, one thousand eight hundred and eighty-five, and of the independence of the United States of America the one hundred and ninth.1

[Post-office address: Pine Ridge Agency, Dak.]

Acres cultivated.-The Indians have under cultivation 1,516 acres.2 Tribes and population.-The tribes living here are the Northern Cheyenne and Ogalalla Sioux. Population, 4,873.3

Location." Situated on White Clay Creek, a branch of White Earth River. This creek is a bold-running stream, of good fresh water, rising in the pine ridge which runs parallel to the northern boundary of Nebraska, and nearly due north 25 miles into the main White Earth River." 5

Government rations.-Seventy per cent. of these Indians subsisted by Government rations in 1886.

Mills and Indian employés.—A mill built at White River in 1874,7 and one at Pine Ridge in 1873.8

Indian police.-Organized in 1874.9 In 1881 an agent writes: "There has been constructed at the agency one building for the use of the po lice, containing mess-room, kitchen, and dormitory. Here the police. and Indian laborers are furnished their meals three times a day at regular hours; this arrangement is civilizing in its effect, teaching them

1 See United States Statutes, Vol. XXIII, pp. 844–846. missioner, 1886, 426. 3 Ibid., p. 396. 4 Ibid., 1887, p. 37. 1886, p. 414. ↑ Ibid., 1874 p. 46. 8 Ibid., 1879, p. 49.

7

2 Report of the Indian Com5 Ibid., p. 157. 6 Ibid., 9 Ibid., 1874, p. 46.

how to conduct themselves at table, and the benefit of properly-prepared food."

Indian court of offences.-Indians unwilling to serve without pay. School population, attendance, and support."—The school population as estimated in 1886 was 1,800. The following table shows the accommodation, attendance, etc:

Missionary work.-Protestant Episcopal Church missions, under the charge of Rev. John Robinson assisted by Rev. Isaac Cook and Rev. Amos Ross (natives), and native catechists. Two churches and several mission stations reported. The Presbyterians and Roman Catholics have started missions recently.3

ROSEBUD AGENCY.

[Post-office address: Rosebud Agency, Dak., via Valentine, Nebr.] Acres cultivated.-The Indians have under cultivation 4,199 acres. Tribes and population.-The tribes living here are the Minnekonjo, Ogalalla, Upper Brulé, and Wahzahzah Sioux. Population, 8,291.5

Location.-"This agency is located 92 miles from the Missouri River, on the western bank of the Rosebud, nearly 3 miles above its confluence with the White River, and is surrounded with high hills, which render it difficult of access." This agency has control of an area of 65 by 200 square miles.

Government rations.-Seventy per cent. of the Indians subsisted by Government rations.

Mills and Indian employés.—A mill was built on White River at Rosebud Agency, 1878,8 but being built where a supply of water was impossible to obtain, it was useless until removed to the bank of the stream." Indian police.-Established in 1878.

Indian court of offences.-None reported.

School population, attendance, and support.'-The school population as estimated in 1886 was 1,700. The following table shows the accom modation, attendance, etc.:

Missionary work.-The Protestant Episcopal Church has missions here under the charge of Rev. William J. Cleveland, assisted by the Rev. Charles S. Cook (native) and native deacons and catechists. Seven church buildings were reported in 1886. In that year the Roman Catholics began a mission.2

STANDING ROCK AGENCY.

[Post-office address: Standing Rock Agency, Fort Yates, Dak.]

Acres cultivated.-The Indians have under cultivation 3,350 acres.3 Tribes and population.-The tribes living here are the Blackfeet, Unkpapa, Lower and Upper Yanktonai Sioux. Population, 4,690.* Location. The following is the location:

Standing Rock Agency is located upon the west bank of the Missouri River, in latitude 46° 10′ north. The Indian settlements extend along the Missouri, from the Cannon Ball River on the north to the Grand River on the south, a distance of about 60 miles; whilst the agency buildings are situated nearly midway between these two streams, the Cannon Ball River being the northern boundary of the reservation, and the Missouri River the eastern line. The Indians of this agency therefore occupy the north-eastern corner of the reservation, which, for agricultural and grazing purposes combined, I believe to be by far the best portion of the "Great Sioux Reservation," so called."

Government rations.-Seventy per cent. of these Indians subsisted by Government rations in 1886.6

Mills and employés.-None reported.

'Report of the Indian Commissioner, 1886, p. xc.

2 Ibid., pp. 82-85, 415. 6 Ibid., 1886, p. 414.

Ibid.,

Indian police.-Organized in 1878.1

Indian court of offences.-Established in 1883.2

School population, attendance, and support.3-The school population as estimated in 1886 was 1,109. The following table shows the accommodation, attendance, etc.:

Missionary work.-The Roman Catholic Church has here four mission stations. The American Missionary Association (Congregational) has a station at Grand River. The Protestant Episcopal Church has a station at Oak Creek. These last are under the charge of natives.

SYNOPSIS OF SIOUX TREATIES.

Treaty of September 23, 1805, with the Sioux Indians, made by Lieut. Z. M. Pike.

The Indians cede for military posts 9 miles square at the mouth of the river St. Croix; and at the confluence of the Mississippi and St. Peter's Rivers. to include the fails of St. Anthony, 9 miles on each side of the Mississippi. (Art. 1.)

The United States to pay $2,000 or to deliver the same value in goods and merchandise. (Art. 2.)

Indians to be allowed to hunt and traverse the districts ceded. (Art. 3.)

Approved by the Senate April 13, 1808. (Indian Laws, p. 316.)

Treaty of peace made at Portage des Sioux with the Sioux of the Lakes, July 19, 1815.

Injuries to be mutually forgiven. (Art. 1.)

Perpetual peace to be maintained. (Art. 2.)

The protection of the United States acknowledged. (Art. 3.)

Ratified December 26, 1815. (United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 126.) A similar treaty was made on the same date (July 19, 1815), and at the same place, with the Teton band of Sioux. (See United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 125.) A similar treaty was made on the same date (July 19, 1815), same place, with the Sioux of the St. Peter's. (See United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 127.) A treaty with the eight bands of the Sioux, composing the three tribes called the Sioux of the Leaf, the Sioux of the Broad Leaf, and the Sioux who Shoot in the Pine Tops, was made at St. Louis, June 1, 1816, of the same import as the preceding, except that these bands agree to confirm to the United States all cessions hitherto made by them to the British, French. or Spanish Governments within the limits of the United States. (Art. 3.)

Proclaimed December 30, 1816. (United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 143.) 1 Report of the Indian Commissioner, 1879, p. 47. 2 Ibid., 1883, p. 56. 3 Ibid., 1886, p. xc.

Treaty between the Teton, Yancton, and Yanctonie bands of Sioux Indians, made at Fort Lookout, June 22, 1825.

The Indians acknowledge dependence upon the United States and the right of the latter to regulate trade. (Arts. 1, 3.)

United States to extend benefits to Indians. (Art. 2.)

Indians to protect traders and surrender any person not legally authorized by the United States to trade. Safe conduct to all persons legally authorized to pass through their country. To deliver up offenders to the laws of the United States and to assist in the restoration of stolen property. The United States, upon proof, to indemnify the Indians for property stolen by citizens. (Art. 5.)

Indians not to supply implements of war to hostile tribes. (Art. 6.)

Proclaimed February 6, 1826. (United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 250.)

Treaty with the Sioune and Ogalalla tribes of Sioux Indians, made at the mouth of the Teton River, July 5, 1825.

Similar to the preceding treaty. Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 252.)

Proclaimed February 6, 1826.

(United States

Treaty with the Hunkpapa band of Sioux Indians, made at the Auricara village, July

Similar to the preceding treaty. Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 257.)

16, 1825.

Proclaimed February 6, 1826. (United States

Treaty with the Sioux and Chippewa, Sac and Fox, Menominie, Ioway, Sioux, Winnebago, and a portion of the Ottawa, Chippewa, and Potawattomie Indians, made at Prairie des Chiens, Michigan Territory, August 19, 1825.

Peace established between the Sioux and the Chippewas, the confederated tribes of Sacs and Foxes, and the Ioways. (Art. 1.)

The line between the confederated tribes of the Sacs and Foxes and the Sioux shall be as follows: From the mouth of the Upper Ioway River, on the west bank of the Mississippi, and ascending the said Ioway River to its left fork; thence to its source; thence crossing the fork of Red Cedar River in a direct line to the second or upper fork of the Des Moines River; and thence in a direct line to the lower fork of the Calumet River; and down that river to its juncture with the Missouri River, subject to the assent of the Yankton to the line from the Des Moines to the Missouri. Sac and Fox relinquish to the tribes interested all their claims to the land east of the Mississippi. (Art. 2.)

The Ioways accede to this agreement, they having a just claim to a portion of the country described; they to reside peaceably therein with Sac and Fox. (Art. 3.) The Otoes not being represented their claim to the land is not affected. (Art. 4.) The line dividing the respective countries of the Sioux and Chippewas begins at the Chippewa River, half a day's march below the falls; thence

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to Red Cedar River immediately below the falls; thence to the St. Croix River, at a place called the standing cedar, about a day's paddle in a canoe above the lake at the mouth of that river; thence between two lakes called by the Chippewas "Green Lakes," and by the Sioux "the lakes they bury the eagles in," and thence to the standing cedar that "the Sioux split;" thence to Rum River, crossing it at the month of Choaking Creek, a long day's march from the Mississippi ; thence to a point of woods that projects into the prairie, half a day's march from the Mississippi; thence in a straight line to the mouth of the first river which enters the Mississippi on its west side above the month of Sac River; thence ascending the said ri ver (above the mouth of Sac River) to a small lake at its source; thence in a direct line to a lake at the head of Prairie River, which is supposed to enter the Crow