Literary and social club. In U. S. v. Vandiver, (1903) 122 Fed. 740, it appeared that the charter of a club provided that it was formed "as a permanent social club, for the promotion of literary, artistic, and antiquarian tastes among the citizens of P., and such kindred purposes as the club may from time to time determine, by establishing and

Vol. II, p. 486, par. 504.

Automobiles. In the provision in paragraph 504, for books, libraries, furniture, and 'similar household effects," it differs from previous legislation in the insertion of the term "similar." It has been held: (1) That this insertion indicated an intention to do away with the exemption of household effects generally, and to restrict it to such as are like books, etc., there mentioned; and (2) that automobiles are not "similar" to such articles. U. S. v. Grace, (1909) 166 Fed. 748, 92 C. C. A. 596. Compare Hillhouse v. U. S., (1907) 152 Fed. 163, 81 C. C. A. 415, reversing (1906) 142 Fed. 303, in which it was held that an automobile should not be excluded from importation free of duty as

Vol. II, p. 487, par. 530.

not

paragraph. U. S. v. Drakenfeld, (1910) 178 Fed. 258, 101 C. C. A. 618, reversing (1909) 172 Fed. 296.

Vol. II, p. 488, par. 534.

Copper matte, an article containing lead and copper, and produced in smelting ores, which is not strictly an ore itself, and which is shown to be known commercially and scientifically as copper regulus, is not duti

Vol. II, p. 488, par. 537.

Cotton waste containing jute. — The provision in paragraph 537, for "cotton waste," includes a mixture of cotton waste and jute

Vol. 1, p. 488, par. 542.

Vol. II, p. 488, par. 545.

Bort. Industrial diamonds of the description known as bort, which have been pierced by a process of drilling or cutting, are not dutiable as diamonds advanced by cutting or other process, under paragraph 435, but are free of duty as "bort," under paragraph 545. U. S. v. American Express Co., (1905) 140 Fed. 967. See also U. S. v. Fifteen Drilled Diamonds, (1904) 127 Fed. 753. Construction of paragraph. In the provision for "diamonds .. not advanced including miners' diamonds," in this paragraph, including " is used as a word of

Vol. II, p. 488, par. 548.

Dried lizards, used by the Chinese in compounding a medicine, are drugs within the meaning of this paragraph. Wing On Wo v. U. S., (1906) 148 Fed. 334.

Guarana, a medicinal drug, consisting of a dried paste in the form of sausage-shaped rolls, this being the crudest state in which it is ever imported, and which, before being used as a medicine, must be further prepared, is not dutiable as a medicinal prepara tion" under paragraph 68, but is free of

Scrap iron.

1022.

Casein industrielle, which is produced by

Vol. II, p. 492, par. 614.

Talc sawed into cubes for use in making gas burners and insulators, the sawing being not merely to remove the foreign matter and to put the material in shape for transportation, but to give it certain desired dimensions, has been "advanced in value or condition" within the meaning of paragraph 614. Kraemer v. U. S., (1910) 180 Fed. 638.

Tungsten ore, the primary extracted product of which is used as a mordant in dyeing cloth and for various other commercial purposes, and another to make high-grade steel, imparting thereto extreme hardness, density, weight, and durability, is free from duty under this paragraph, and not dutiable at twenty per cent. ad valorem under section 183, which covers "metallic mineral sub

Vol. II, p. 492, par. 616.

Exact models of steamships of improved design, showing the details of the vessels, valued at about $1,000 each, and intended for exhibition in steamship offices, are models of improvements in the art of shipbuilding, and are free of duty under this paragraph. Boas r. U. S., (1904) 128 Fed. 470.

Molders' patterns. This paragraph is not limited to the class of patterns known as

This paragraph includes arsetting off fireworks, other known as joss sticks and Champion v. U. S., (1906)

drying the substance left after drawing off the whey from skimmed milk that has been allowed to sour, has been held to be "lactarene under this paragraph. B. P. Ducas Co. v. U. S., (1906) 143 Fed. 362.

stances in a crude state." Hempstead v. Thomas, (C. C. A. 1903) 122 Fed. 538.

Whetstone blocks, of an approximately rectangular shape, which after being quarried have had their projections removed by a process of rough dressing, and which are used in that state, are within the provision for "minerals, crude, or not advanced in value or condition by refining or grinding, or by other process of manufacture," under paragraph 614. Johnson v. U. S., (1906) 152 Fed. 656.

Ground corundum ore. See under this title, vol. 2, p. 473, par. 419. Zinc ores. See under this title, vol. 2, p. 487, par. 514.

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"model patterns," intended to show the working of the thing illustrated, but includes also molders' patterns, which are used as models about which to form sand molds in which castings may be made and which are fitted for successive use in that way. Hoe v. U. S., (1905) 141 Fed. 488, affirmed (C. C. A. 1906) 147 Fed. 201.

Vol. II, p. 493, par. 626.

"American fisheries." In Downing v. U. S., (1900) 124 Fed. 107, it appeared that a corporation consisting of American citizens fitted out a registered American vessel, which was manned with an American crew, and en gaged in the business of catching turtles in Central American waters, and canning them aboard the vessel. It was held that this constituted an American fishery, within the meaning of Tariff Act Aug. 27, 1894, par. 568, which exempted from duty "all fish and other products" of "American fisheries," and that the canned turtle meat was free of duty as the product of such fishery.

Ground sesame seed. - The provision for sesame oil in this paragraph has been held to include ground sesame seed in the form of pulp from which the oil has not been removed, the article being known commercially as sesame oil. It is immaterial that there is another and more refined product known and dealt in under the same name. Zaloom v. U. S., (1905) 140 Fed. 31.

Muguet pomade. - So-called muguet pomade produced by the combination of several kinds of enfleurage grease, to which is added about one-half of one per cent. of various essential oils to fortify and combine the article, thus producing an odor like that of the lily of the valley, was held to be free of duty, under this paragraph, as enfleurage grease. Lueders r. U. S., (1905) 143 Fed. 918.

Nut oil. So-called nut oil, derived from the fruit of aleurites vernica, of China, is properly subject to classification under the provision in this paragraph for "nut oil or oil of nuts not otherwise specially provided for," and not under that in paragraph 3, for "essential oils." Hills . U. S., (1903) 127 Fed. 970.

other substance and without being subjected to any other process than spreading it on mats to facilitate drying, is "seaweeds crude or unmanufactured," within the meaning of this paragraph. U. S. v. Furuya, (1910) 176 Fed. 480.

Olive oil. In Holbrook Mfg. Co. r. U. S., (1909) 174 Fed. 736, certain olive oil was

Birch bark. - See under this title, vol. 2, p. 504, sec. 6. Lily buds. 432, par. 251.

- See under this title, vol. 2, p.

who use needles, and does not include surgical needles. Woodruff v. U. S., (1905) 138 Fed. 946.

devoted at all to current events, but made up of serial stories supplemented by a small quantity of miscellaneous matter. Schmidt v. U. S., (1892) 150 Fed. 238.

found to be edible, and was held therefore to be excluded from paragraph 626.

Paraffin. The proviso in this paragraph providing a countervailing duty on "crude petroleum, or the products of crude petroleum," is not limited to the articles enumerated in the preceding portion of that paragraph, but should be read into every section of the tariff which enumerates a product of petroleum. The special enumeration of "paraffin," in paragraph 633, does not remove that substance from the scope of this proviso. U. S. r. Downing, (C. C. A. 1906) 146 Fed. 56, reversing (1905) 139 Fed. 58.

Petroleum products-countervailing duty. This paragraph, providing a countervailing duty on "crude petroleum, or the products of crude petroleum, produced in any country which imposes a duty on petroleum or its products exported from the United States," is intended to provide that when crude petroleum or any of its products is imported from a country which imposes a duty thereon when imported from the United States, it shall pay duty at the rate so imposed by such country on merchandise in the same condition. A product of petroleum is subject to the duty so imposed by the country of manufacture on such product when coming from the United States, rather than to that so imposed on crude petroleum by the country in which the petroleum was produced. If no duty is so imposed on such product by the country in which it is manufactured, it is not liable to the countervailing duty, even though produced from petroleum originating in a country which does impose such a duty thereon. Ú. S. v. Downing, (C. C. A. 1906) 146 Fed. 56, reversing (1905) 139 Fed. 58; U. S. v. Marsily, (C. C. A. 1908) 165 Fed. 186; U. S. v. Swan, etc., Co., (1909) 169 Fed. 108, 95 C. C. A. 669.