When he went back to Cleveland his interest in the movement increased. He read all the Socialist literature he could lay his hands on, and finally began to take part in Socialistic matters. In time he became fairly well known in Chicago, Cleveland and Detroit, not only as a Socialist, but as an Anarchist of the most bitter type.

After returning to Cleveland from Chicago he went to work in the wire mills in Newburg, a suburb of Cleveland. He says he was working there up to the day he started for Buffalo to kill the President, thus contradicting letters written by him from points in New York.

A few weeks ago Czolgosz attended a meeting of Socialists in Cleveland, at which a lecture was given by Emma Goldman, the woman whose anarchistic doctrines have made her notorious all over the country.

The King of Italy was murdered by a man sent for the express purpose by a society of anarchists in Paterson, New Jersey, who have been at pains to make known their identity, and have been reported as celebrating the assassination of the King, the charges against him being fanciful and malignant. The vagabond who slew the King was not treated to dainty food and social distinction, made to believe himself a heroic personage, or even sent to execution, so as to give him a chance to pose as a King Killer. He was not executed at all, but placed in solitary confinement, and the anarchists have not been pleased with his treatment, and have claimed loudly, as though some good man had been ill treated, that he was forced to take his own life to escape the horrors of solitude in a dungeon. In fact, the fate of this murderer does not encourage anarchical aspirations, and there have been threats that all the crowned heads of Europe shall soon be slaughtered because the prison was not made to the slayer of the King of Italy a pleasant and dignified abode. In the place where he died he did not receive applause, not even bouquets. Still, he has had his sympathizers in this country.

It has been suggested that President McKinley had been too much in the habit of answering the calls of the people to shake hands with them and speak to them-to go about in crowds unguarded. It is true that he had not had so much interest in the possibility of being a mark for an assassin, as many have insisted upon having for him. The taking of official precautions for the safety of a man high in office is almost certain to be distasteful to him, and it is often a question not easily decided what can be done or attempted.

When Abraham Lincoln, owing to the pressure of war business,

could not leave Washington in summer-time, he found pleasant quarters in a cottage near the soldiers' home, and the military authorities would have him guarded to and from the White House to the cottage by a squad of cavalry; and it was said of him he thought the ceremony absurd, and laughed about his body-guard. It is now known that there was then a plot to capture him, secrete him in a cellar, and run him to Richmond along a line of contraband and medical supply transportation. President Harrison was opposed to the efforts made to shield him from dangers in the dark, but he persisted in his habit of walking about the city, and going without giving notice, when, where and how he pleased.

The last time President Garfield dined out was with Secretary Hunt, of Louisiana; he drove to the White House between ten and eleven o'clock, with Postmaster-General Thomas L. James, who, returning to the Arlington Hotel, met a friend and asked him whether he had seen the President. The friend answered no-he had been over to the White House to make a call, but the President was out driving. James replied that the President had just returned and would be pleased to have a late call, as he meant to drop public cares to go to the commencement at William's College. Upon this, the call at the Executive Mansion was repeated and the President was most agreeable and exceedingly interesting. As the visitor left, it was nearly the middle of the night, and passing out he saw there on guard a familiar face, and asked the question, "Were you not on watch here in Lincoln's time?" "Yes," was the reply. "Many a night before he went to bed, he would walk over to the War Department to see if anything had come in the way of news from the armies." "And," said the watchman, “I often took pains to walk between the old man and the trees-the same trees you see here now-because I had a fear there might be an ambuscade, and some devii would shoot him. The old man never seemed to think anything about possible murderers being about, but walked right along. Sometimes it was quite dark, and I felt sort of responsible for the old man, and I was glad when I got him back and had the door shut on him."

The caller on President Garfield, who had just seen him for the last time, said to the watchman, as the trees were dark and the walks silent, "I think it would be well for you to keep a sharp lookout now, for there are queer people about and strange things said-excitements about what the President has done and will or won't do. It would not be a bad idea to watch carefully now"

The reply was simple and sensible—“These are not war times. Nobody would hurt the President now." Three days later the shot of the assassin gave the President a mortal wound. Of course, that which suggested to the visitor to warn the watchman to be vigilant, was the face of the man who had guarded the footsteps of Abraham Lincoln, and the story of the walks at night, under the history haunted trees. It turned out in the testimony in the case of Guiteau, that at that hour the mur derer was prowling in the shrubbery in Jackson Square, between the White House and the Arlington House, seeking a chance to shoot the President, having possibly dogged his footsteps and knowing he had gone out.

CHAPTER IV.

ANARCHISTS' AGITATION AFTER THE ASSASSINATION.

American Anarchists Assume to be Deflant-Astounding Development of a Political Policy of Assassination-Is a Penal Colony for Cranks Needed?—A Shocking Array of Incidents -The Canker of Anarchy Displayed.

Whatever anarchists may say, or in whatever form they may deny, that their doctrines promote and demand murder, and that their heroes are assassins, they have not, as they profess in their cant sayings, killed tyrants, but they have slaughtered the best men of those they call "great rulers." They are not enlightened persons, but basely ignorant of human affairs and perverse as to history. They have not been known to kill the vicious; they have slain the amiable. The cases of Lincoln and Alexandria are in point.

The students of the news of the day, since an assassin sneaked upon McKinley and shot him, have had occasion for surprise that there have been so many expressions of sympathy with the miscreant murderer, and it is not difficult, many times, to point out that the sympathizers have been perverted by the political harangues that incite hatreds between "classes," and then seek to show that we are classified in a way that is an indurated injustice. Children are being brought up to believe that some are born to privation through wrongs that have no remedy in law and others to an opulent inheritance of privilege. But one ought to be able to go a long way with error without coming to the conclusion that our Republic is the worst of despotisms. We have a good many people in our midst of anarchical propensities, but they are not the majority. We are ruled by majorities. Some of our statesmen have urged the passage of a law in this country to restrict the immigration of anarchists. But the anarchists are at our doors. What they need is expulsion, and we have a few Asiatic islands to which they might be deported. Let there be no mistake about it-there are many of these people. It is not worth while to bother about importation unless we can devise an effective system of exportation.

There is a colony of anarchists in Spring Valley, Ill., and a letter, dated September 15th, 1901, says