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1812. Dec. 29, Commodore Bainbridge, with the frigate Constitution, captured the British frigate Java.

1813. Feb. 10, Capt. Lawrence, with the sloop Hornet, captured the British brig Resolute, and Feb. 24, the brig Pea

cock. 1813. June 1, Capt. Lawrence, with the frigate Chesapeake, surrendered to the British frigate Shannon.

1813. Aug. 14, Capt. Allen, with sloop Argus, surrendered to the sloop Pelican.

1813. Sept. 4, Lieut. Burrows, with the U. S. brig Enterprise, captured the British brig Boxer.

1813. Sept. 10, Commodore Perry, with a small fleet, captured British fleet on Lake Erie.

1813. Oct. 5, Commodore Perry, with the American flotilla, captured the British flotilla on Lake Ontario.

1814. March 28, Capt. Porter, with the U. S. frigate Essex, surrendered to the British frigate Phoebe.

1814. April 20, Capt. Bainbridge, with U. S. sloop Frolic, surrendered to the frigate Orpheus.

1814. April 29, Capt. Warrington, with sloop Peacock, captured the British brig Epervier.

1814. June 28, U. S. sloop Wasp, Capt. Blakeley, captured British brig Reindeer.

1814. Aug. 9-12, Commodore Hardy, with a British fleet, attacked Stonington.

1814. Sept. 11, Commodore McDonough's fleet on Lake Champlain captured the British fleet off Plattsburg.

1815. Jan. 15, Commodore Decatur, with frigate President, surrendered to the British frigate Endymion.

1815. Feb. 20, Capt. Stewart, with U. S. frigate Constitution, captured the British ships of war Cyane and Levant. 1815. Feb. 23, Commodore Biddle, with the sloop Hornet, captured the British brig Penguin.

1847. March, Commodore Connor, with the U. S. fleet bombarded Vera Cruz, in conjunction with a land force under Gen. Scott.

1862. April 24, Farragut passes the forts below New Orleans, and destroys the Confederate flotilla, and April 25, anchors before the city.

1862. March 8, Ships Congress and Cumberland destroyed by Confederate iron-clad Merrimac in Hampton Roads. 1862. March 9, Fight between Monitor and Merrimac.

1864. June 19, The Kearsage destroys the Alabama.

1898. Battleship Maine was blown up in Havana harbor, Feb.

15.

1898. May 1, Commodore Dewey destroyed the Spanish fleet at Manila. American loss, 6 men, slightly wounded. 1898. June 6, Spanish cruiser Reina Mercedes sunk by American ships at Santiago.

1898. July 3, Admiral Cervera's fleet, attempting to escape from Santiago, was destroyed by the American war vessels,

NAVIGATION FOR PASSENGERS.

HINTS TO VOYAGERS.

BEFORE sailing, one should have his baggage packed so as to take to his stateroom only such things as will be needed on his voyage or on his arrival, having it marked either "wanted" or "not wanted," or by the equivalents "stateroom" or "for the hold." That in the hold cannot be reached until landed on the wharf. Fifteen cubic feet of baggage is allowed. Extra baggage is charged at the rate of 25 cents a cubic foot. Only absolutely necessary articles and packages should be taken. A steamer trunk is allowed in the stateroom. It must not be over twelve inches deep, as during the voyage it is stowed under a sofa. All baggage should be labeled before being sent to the steamer. The owner's name and name of the vessel must be plainly marked. Where there is a party, each member of it should have a common letter on each piece. At the port of sailing on the other side letters for the purpose will be furnished, and on arrival the steward will mark stateroom baggage in the same way. On arrival at Quarantine, Custom House officials board the steamer and distribute a brief statement of the United States customs regulations. These officials then take their places at the tables in the saloon, and with the passenger list of the steamer ask the passengers a series of questions. A man may answer for his wife and for members of his family, and usually for women travelling with him. It is desirable to have him do so as one inspector then passes all the baggage of the party. The questions usually asked are:

"How many pieces of baggage have you?" A description is then given as to number of trunks, valises, packages, etc.

"Have you any dutiable goods to declare?"

If a gentleman, “Have you any articles of ladies' apparel ?"

If a lady, "Have you any articles of gentlemen's apparel ?"

"Have you any piece goods?"

"Have you any presents for friends?" "Do you swear to this?"

The passenger is then asked to sign a statement setting forth the facts elicited in the interview. All is done hurriedly and takes a minute or two for each passenger. The oath is not administered. The passenger then receives a card with a number for the inspector. If a passenger has dutiable goods, he gives a list of them with their cost, and it is desirable, if possible, to have bills for those of any value, and to have such goods packed so as to be of easy access. The duties are paid without any delay.

Seats at table are allotted by the chief steward, or by the second steward, immediately after the steamer leaves the pier. Nurses and children are served separately.

Passengers formerly took their own steamer chairs on a voyage and found considerable trouble and annoyance in looking after them from the time they were purchased until they were finally stored at home. "All of the prominent lines are now supplied with chairs of the most approved type. The exclusive use of one of these chairs for the trip may be secured for fifty cents.

Each steamer carries an experienced physician, whose services are gratuitous so far as steerage passengers are concerned. Cabin passengers generally expect to pay him. Medicines are supplied without charge to those who require them.

A general fee is invariably given at the close of the voyage to each steward who has attended to the passenger's wants, and sometimes special fees during the voyage for special services on their part.

PERSONAL BAGGAGE REGULATIONS.

The provision of the law placing wearing apparel and personal effects on the free list is as follows:

"Wearing apparel, articles of personal adornment, toilet articles and similar personal effects of persons arriving in the United States; but this exemption shall only include such articles as actually accompany and are in the use of and as are necessary and appropriate for the wear and use of such persons for the immediate purpose of the journey and present comfort and convenience, and shall not be held to apply to merchandise or articles intended for other persons, or for sale. Provided, that in case of residents of the United States returning from abroad, all wearing apparel and personal effects taken by them cut of the United States to foreign countries shall be admitted free of duty, without regard to their value, upon their identity being established, under appropriate rules and regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury, but no more than $100 in value of articles purchased abroad by such residents of the United States shall be admitted free of duty upon their return.”

Only such articles of wearing apparel, toilet articles and personal effects as actually accompany the passenger are entitled to free entry. As free entry is accorded to all wearing apparel and personal effects taken abroad by residents of the United States and brought back by them, customs officers will require passengers to identify the goods claimed by them to have been taken abroad. A careful examination of such articles will then be made to verify the correctness of the claim.

It will be seen that the law now establishes $100 as the maximum value of articles purchased abroad which can be brought in free of duty by passengers who are 1esidents of the United States. Whenever, therefore, a resident shall declare articles in excess of $100 in value which are dutiable under this provision, it shall be optional with him to specify the articles which are in excess; provided, that, if such declaration and specification is not made by the passenger, duty shall be assessed upon that class of articles in excess of $100 which is subject to the highest rate of duty.

A false declaration of the value of articles or merchandise other than wearing apparel, articles of personal adornment, toilet articles and similar personal effects

in the baggage of persons arriving in the United States will subject such articles or merchandise to the additional duties provided for in Section 7 of the Administrative act, as amended by Section 32 of the new Tariff act.

TRAVEL ON THE ATLANTIC.

For some years past foreign travel has been very large. A good authority estimates that fully 100,000 people go to Europe annually on an average and spend in the aggregate $100,000,000. Last year, 1899, was, probably, that of the heaviest travel, the number of travelers greatly exceeding the above figures. They are estimated to have spent $150,000,000. It is said that less than a third of this sum is spent by foreigners in the United States. It is expected that transatlantic travel from America this year will be 50 per cent. greater than last, owing to the Paris Fair, and that the number of Europeans visiting America will be much smaller.

The steamers between Europe and North America. carry on an average about 70,000 passengers a month.

A German scientist named Boysen has found that for a single year under investigation there was a daily average of 3,651 sailing vessels at sea, with 44,899 men in their crews. Every day, also, 1,504 steamships, with crews numbering 53,263 men and 32,565 passengers, were afloat on the Atlantic. This made a daily average for the year of 5,155 vessels and 130,727 persons spread over the whole Atlantic surface. The most thickly populated part of the sea, the English Channel, where the average density of population is 0.07 per square kilometre, is comparable with the population scattered over Yakutsk, Siberia. For the entire Atlantic the average density of population for the year investigated was only 0.002 per square kilometre, which is comparable with the sparsely settled northern half of North America.

*

OCEAN CARRIAGE.

(Within the past fifteen years ocean carriage has been practically revolutionized in point of cheapness and speed. Last year, two shipments of lace on the steamers

*A kilometre equals 3,281 feet.

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