Havana, Cuba; Honolulu, H. I.; Cavite, P. I. At Newport is also a torpedo and naval training station. There is also a naval training station at Yerba Buena Island, Cal.

PAY AND WAGES IN THE NAVY.

Admiral gets, both at sea and on shore duty, $13,500; the first nine Rear-Admirals, at sea and on shore duty, respectively, $7,500 and $6,375; the second nine rear-admirals, $5,500, $4,675; Captains, $3,500, $2,975; Commanders, $3,000, $2,550; Lieut.-Commanders, $2,500, $2,125; Lieutenants, $1,800, $1,530; Junior Lieutenants, $1,500, $1,275; Ensigns, $1,400, $1,190; Chief Boatswains, Chief Gunners, Chief Carpenters, Chief Sailmakers, $1,400, $1,400; Naval Cadets, $500, $500; Mates, $900, $700; Medical Directors, Pay Directors, Inspectors, Chief Engineers rank the same and receive $4,400 when at sea; Surgeons and Paymasters receive from $2,800 to $4,200, and Chaplains from $2,000 to $2,800. The wages of enlisted landsmen in the Navy are $16 per month; of ordinary seamen, from 18 to 30 years, $19; of others, from 21 to 35 years, as follows: seamen, $24, stewards and mess attendants, $16 and up; coal passers, $22; shipwrights and sailmakers, $25 up; painters and buglers, $30; musicians, $32; firemen, $30 to $35; yeomen, $30 to $40; cooks, $40; carpenters mates, $40 to $50; blacksmiths, $50; boilermakers, and chief yeomen, $60; machinists, $40 to $70.

NAUTICAL NOTES.

A power of 250 tons is necessary to start a vessel weighing 3,000 tons over greased slides on a marine railway; when in motion, 150 tons only is required

A modern dredging-machine, 123 feet long, beam, 26 feet, breadth over all, 31 feet, will raise 180 tons of mud and clay per hour 11 feet from water-line

The easternmost point of the United States is Quoddy Head. Me.; the most northern, Point Barrow, Alaska; the most western, Attu Island, Alaska; the most southern, Key West, Fla. When 6 o'clock at Attu Island, it is 9:36 A.M. the next day at Quoddy Head.

The Geneva Award (of $15,500,000) was the sum fixed by five commissioners of arbitration, meeting at Geneva, Switzerland, under the Washington Treaty, in 1872, as that to be paid by England to indemnify the United States for losses to American commerce inflicted by the Alabama, and other Confederate privateers built in English shipyards, during the Civil War.

Sandy Hook means "sandy point," the term "hook" being derived from the Dutch "haak," point.

Hell Gate is a corruption of the Dutch Horllgatt, "horl," a whirlpool, and "gat," a passage.

Castle Garden, the oid immigrant depot of New York, was originally a small fortified island (Fort George). It was converted into a summer garden, and here a ball was given to Lafayette in 1824, to Jackson in 1832, and a reception to Tyler in 1843. Jenny Lind made her first appearance in America at Castle Garden. In 1855 the space between the island and Battery was filled in, and the place devoted to the reception of immigrants. This has since been closed and part of the structure demolished. The Aquarium of New York City is now located on the site.

The United States flag was first saluted by a foreign power, Feb. 14, 1778, at Quiberon Bay, France-Admiral La Motte, representing the French Government, firing the salute. The flag was carried by the Ranger, Capt. Paul Jones. It was first carried around the world in the Columbia, Capt. Robert Gray, in 1791.

Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria, were the three vessels with which Columbus set out to discover America.

The first protective tariff was enacted in 1816.

Marine insurance existed in the year 533 A. D.; was introduced into England, in 1598, and into America, in

1721.

America was discovered by Lief Ericson, 1,001; by Columbus, 1492; North America by John and Sebastian Cabot, 1497; Florida, by De Soto, 1541; Hudson River, by Hendrick Hudson, 1609.

Hell Gate reefs were blown up, 1876.

The "Compact of the Pilgrims," signed on board the Mayflower in Cape Cod (Provincetown) harbor before landing, was the first instrument of civil government ever subscribed as the act of the whole people. There were 41 subscribers, each noting the number of his family. The total of persons was 101.

The male passengers of the Mayflower who landed at Plymouth, Mass., Dec. 21, 1620, were: Isaac Allerton, John Allerton, Wm. Bradford, Wm. Brewster, John Bil

lington, Peter Brown, Richard Britterage, John Carver, Francis Cook, James Chilton, John Crackston, Richard Clarke, Edward Dotey, Francis Eaton, Thos. English, Sam'l. Fuller, Edward Fuller, Moses Fletcher, John Goodman, Richard Gardiner, John Howland, Stephen Hopkins, Edward Leister, Christopher Martin, Wm. Mullins, Edward Margeson, Degony Priest, Thos. Rogers, John Rigdale, Capt. Miles Standish, George Soule, Edward Tilly, Thos. Tinker, John Turner, Edward Winslow, Wm. White, Richard Warren, Thos. Williams, Gilbert Winslow. Their servants were: Carter, Coper, Ely, Holbeck, Hooke, Langemore, Latham, Minter, More, Prower, Sampson, Story, Thompson, Trevore, Wilder.

U. S. Fish Commission was established in 1871.
Salmon-canning was begun on Pacific coast in 1865.
Lumley's rudder was patented in 1862.

Ruthven's propelling patent was in 1830.
Fulton's submarine boat, 1801.

Bernouilli demonstrated principle of screw propeller

in 1752.

Floating docks were introduced in 1716.
Volturius's propelling wheels were

1472.

constructed in

Sea coal prohibited in London as "prejudicial to health," 1273.

Naval Academy of United States, Annapolis, Md., opened in 1845.

Pacific cable proposed, 1891, and $50,000 appropriated for survey.

Three ships bearing the earliest Pilgrim Fathers from England to America sailed from London, Dec. 20, 1606. These were followed in 1620 by the Mayflower and Plymouth Rock, and in 1640 by a fleet of four ships under Winthrop.

"Boston Tea Party," destroying tea in harbor of Boston, Dec. 16, 1773.

Spanish Armada of 132 ships, under Medina Sidonia, scattered by the English fleet, 1588.

Trafalgar, off which, Oct. 21, 1805, the British, under Nelson, gained a great victory over the combined fleets of France and Spain.

To convert metric weights and measures into those used in the United States. To convert grammes into avoirdupois ounces, multiply by .0352; kilogrammes into avoirdupois pounds, multiply by 2.2046; litres into gallons, multiply by .2202; litres into pints, multiply by 1.762; millimetres into inches, multiply by 25.4; metres into yards, multiply by 70 and divide by 64.

Water is composed of oxygen, 1 vol., and hydrogen, 2 vols.

London can harbor 1,000 ships.

The largest wharf on the Pacific coast is at Santa Monica, Los Angeles County, Cal. It sticks out into the Pacific Ocean almost a mile, being 4,693 feet long. It is 131 feet wide, and has seven railroad tracks. Eight ships of a draught of 28 feet (deeper than most of the freight ships of the world) can discharge cargo into Southern Pacific Railroad cars at once at this big pier without crowding.

The formation of a new island in the Caspian Sea, near Baku, Russia, by upheaval took place a few years ago. Its surface is reported to be irregular and composed of blackish gray and yellow hardened mud.

The harbor of New Haven, England, presents an excellent example of the extensive use of plastic, unset concrete, this material having been almost exclusively used in the construction of that massive breakwater.

Liverpool Docks.-The docks at Liverpool, England, extend on the city side of the river Mersey 6 miles, and have a water area of 333.5 acres, and a lineal quayage of 22 miles. The great landing stage at Liverpool is the finest structure of the kind in the world. Its length is 2,063 feet, and its breadth is 80 feet. It is supported on floating pontoons, which rise and fall with the tide, and is connected with the quay by seven bridges, besides a floating bridge 550 feet in length for heavy traffic. The great system of docks at Liverpool was commenced in 1709. The amount of capital invested in these docks is £10,000,000, and the revenue derived from them is over £1,000,000 annually. They are constructed as water-tight inclosures, with flood-gates, which are opened during the flowing and closed during the ebbing of the tide, so that

vessels within can be kept afloat and at the same level while being loaded and unloaded.

Plimsoll's Mark.-Samuel Plimsoll won his title as the "sailors friend" by legislation forced in Parliament, the chief feature of which was the "Plimsoll Mark" bill. which provides for the marking of all merchant vessels with the Plimsoll Mark, so that an overloading will be immediately perceptible, by causing the mark to sink out of sight, and making the offense punishable by fines and loss of charter by the captain offending. The famous mark is like this:

There is a very large trade done in anchors that have been lost by ships and afterward dragged for by vessels which are equipped for the purpose. In rivers and harbors a great number of valuable ships' anchors are lost in storms, some which are recovered by the dredgers. As new ships' anchors cost about six cents a pound, and in the case of a big vessel an anchor will average 6.000 pounds, and of "tramps" from 1,100 to 3,000 pounds, and the recovered anchors are sold at about five cents a pound, there is a substantial profit for the anchor dredg.

ers.

Cost of America's Discovery.-It has been calculated by the editor of a Genoese journal that the discovery of America cost about $7,500. Columbus had an annual salary of $333. The captains of the Nina and Pinta got $180 each. The sailors received $2,50 each per month. The outfit of the expedition amounted to $2,800.

The Oil Spot.-Ten miles south of the Sabine river and a mile off shore is a natural phenomenon known to sailors as the "The Oil Spot." No visible boundary divides it from the open sea around, but even during a storm, even though the waters become red and turbid, they here remain comparatively calm.

Sank in Quicksand.-The Danish bark Lottie, a few years ago, became lodged in the quicksand of a bar in the harbor of Altata, and the next day her hull had completely disappeared in the quicksand. Several vessels, after being driven ashore, have sunk out of sight in the treacherous quicksands which constitute the Joe Flogger shoal in Delaware Bay. The British schooner Satellite,