cate the means of avoiding war, at the same time respecting the interests of all those who have embraced military careers. Destructive armies, she says, can be transformed into productive armies, and she demonstrates this by the adjoined table, which is excellently compiled. 5th. An account rendered in detail of the patronage of young apprentices of the Sixth Arrondissement of Paris, founded and directed by Mme. Marie Breon. 6th. I present to the Women's Library a work in two volumes, "La Femme Affranchie," by Jenny d'Herincourt, who resided in Chicago thirty years ago. It is to pay a debt to her memory that I pronounce her name, and only to bring from France this work for the cause of women is to make her live again.

THE SOLIDARITY OF HUMAN INTERESTS - AN ADDRESS BY CALLIRRHÖE PARREN OF ATHENS, Greece.

Let us leave traditions and come to history. The golden age of Greece is due to Aspasia. Sculpture, the divine art of Praxitiles, was understood by Kora of Corinth. Lalla, the woman painter of Kyzychos, was the mistress of ApolloTheano, the first pupil of Pythagoras, attended his school and gave lessons with such perfection that Pythagoras himself was jealous. Sappho was distinguished as the greatest poet of her time, while Korinna was seven times victorious over Pindar. Women philosophers were counted. by hundreds. To these women Greece owes her wisest, most distinguished, most heroic men.

The Spartan mother said to her son as he took his shield to go to battle, "Come back with it or upon it." With their incomparable patriotism and their greatness of soul, they rendered small Sparta the most warlike place of the world.

Greece falls, and Rome succeeds it. She is prosperous and strong while her men are educated by Cornelias. She becomes weak and falls when her wives and mothers are Agrippinas and Marcelinas.

The people of the West and the North have been developed, civilized, and strengthened by their reverence for women. But in this general regeneration of the European people what has become of oppressed Greece? Has it been lost? Has it degenerated? Has it been extinguished? No. The women are awake. The women are preserving its language, its customs, and its traditions. The Christianity which they embraced, and for the improvement of which they have worked more than all else, as orators, reformers, and apostles, has given to them strength for the great work of patriotism. The milk of patriotism and Christianity with which they have nurtured their children is the blood which the children have afterward shed for their faith and their country.

There is in Greece a rocky corner, a wild, precipitous spot, upon which the green grass never grows. The land there seems to be in mourning and unable to bear flowers. There is a precipitous rock under which flows a foaming river, the frightful precipices yawning like black tombs. They have served as witnesses of a feminine heroism which history has only once recorded. There the later Greek women, our foremothers, have danced the dance of death, singing the song of liberty; they have thrown themselves down upon the rocks from the frightful precipices, preferring with their children an honorable death rather than life in an enslaved country.

From the first years of our independence we have been united quite fraternally with you. On the ramparts of the Acropolis the Turkish minaret was still elevated, and the sentinel was announcing the hours of prayer, when an American lady, who was the first educated woman that came to Greece, established, with her husband, Doctor Hill of blessed memory, the first school for the education of Greek girls. In that school, which to-day is still doing excellent work, most of my companions have been educated. In the volume on distinguished Greek women which I am writing, one of the first places is held by this woman of American

origin, who became the intellectual mother of so many Greeks.

But besides this lady many progressive Greek women. have established schools from which have gone forth during recent years many distinguished women, sculptors, writers, poets, of whom the strangers that visit Greece speak with enthusiasm. Our great men formerly worked more for the education of women than they do now. This has not prevented us from advancing. We have overcome opposition and set aside prejudices. Our government has given us only the most elementary education. We are establishing private schools and preparing ourselves for the university, which scarcely two years ago opened its doors to us.

But before this was accomplished,

when that of our own country was closed against us, many of us sought other European universities. Thus we have to-day ten women who are devoted to scientific, philological, medical, and pedagogic pursuits, and four young girls are now going to the University of Athens.

I am myself, the first Greek woman editor. For seven years I have issued a woman's journal. Its articles are written exclusively by women, but they are read by a good many men. The object of my paper is the education of women and the education of the public in respect to women. I set forth continually in its columns your march in civilization and your stirring activities. I publish the lives of the distinguished women of the world. I exhort women to energetic work, by which alone complete happiness can be secured in this world. I do not ask for the political rights of women, because for us this question is premature; but when the law is unjust to us, we attack the law-makers. I am working now for the establishment of an industrial school for girls, and I hope that I shall be able to succeed by next September. As the first woman editor, I have suffered many attacks and combated many prejudices, and many times have been reproached and assailed; but all this has been forgotten in the absorbing

object which I have had before me, and in the results which I have attained. My youngest sister has established lately a new woman's paper, under the title The Home, in which she will seek to promote the practical, technical, and industrial education of women.

Besides my paper, I have published the results of many other studies. During the past year I have begun to publish the history of woman from prehistoric times to our own day. It is a great work, for which for ten years I have been gathering material in the libraries of Europe. It will be composed of twelve large volumes, and will reveal the remarkable influence of women upon the fortunes of peoples and nations. The Greek and the French press have received my first volume with the warmest approval. I have treated therein only the women of prehistoric times and the women of China and India. Five more volumes, relating to women of ancient times down to the Roman period, are ready for the press, and then will follow the Middle Ages. I am working now upon contemporary women. To American women, who now are holding the reins of progress, and who are in advance of all Europeans, I shall devote a large volume. In this endeavor I invite your coöperation and your aid. As far as you are able, furnish me with notes, information, and biographies. My work will be translated into both French and English. I hope it will receive your support. In such labors we must all join hands and support one another.

But let us return to the activity of women in Greece. Political rights are denied to us altogether. We enjoy but few liberties. Work in public offices, in the arts and manufactures is closed to us. But we have united ourselves, and have worked, as you have, for the advancement of women. I represent here ten women's organizations of my country. The most of them are under the protection of the queen. All of them are philanthropic or educational. A house of industry, founded by women, gives employment to nearly five hundred poor women, and work is developed here to

the highest degree of perfection. A large hospital, the Evangelismos, established and directed by women, furnishes shelter and care to a large number of the sick. An orphan asylum for girls, with three million drachmas endowment, was established and directed by women. A hospital for incurables, of which I am one of the founders, was established by the King's Daughters, a branch of the great organization in America. In a Sunday-school which I have established, and which is under the presidency of her majesty, the queen, four hundred workinggirls receive instruction every Sunday in reading, writing, arithmetic, religion, history, hygiene, and domestic economy. There is also an institution for working-women and servants, of which I am one of the organizers and general secretary. A society for the education and reformation of youthful prisoners has been established, and is directed by women, under the presidency of her majesty, the queen. There is also a central society of friends of the poor, established and directed by women, and a society for the care of convalescents.

In industry the private initiative of women has wrought miracles. Embroidery, artificial flowers, the making of mats and Grecian carpets, millinery and dressmaking employ a large number of women.

The Greek woman works energetically and with results. If the false, enervating, frivolous, and luxurious life of the salon could show fewer victims, certainly our situation. would be better. Vain and selfish women are the greatest and most implacable enemies of our cause, and of humanity in general. They contribute by the education which they give to their sons to the degradation and degeneration of men themselves. Against these women we all, and especially the progressive women of Europe, must unite our forces, because this pernicious class exists in Europe more extensively than in America. The cause of woman, about which you have asked my opinion, will fully succeed when the form of education which produces this