Day.

Jan.
Eve.

Feb.
Eve.

March.
Eve.

April.
Morn.

May.

TABLE I.

MEAN TIME OF SIDEREAL NOON, OR MERIDIAN PASSAGE OF THE VERNAL EQUINOX AT WASHINGTON, D. C.,

FOR 1898.

(For other places, add 9.83 seconds for each hour of longitude east of Washington, and subtract the same for each hour west

Nov.

of Washington.)

Morn.

H.M.S.

H. M. S. |

H.M.S.

H.M.S.

H.M. S.

June.
Morn.
H.M.S.

July.

4:22:32 2:20:40 0:30:34 10:28:42
4:18:36 2:16:44 0:26:39 10:24:46 8:26:48
4:14:40 2:13:48 0:22:43 10:21:50 8:22:52
4:10:44 2:09:52 0:18:46 10:17:54 8:18:56
4:06:48 2:05:56 0:14:50 10:13:58
2:01:00 0:10:54 10:09:02
3:58:58 1:57:04 0:06:59 10:05:06
0:03:03 10:01:10 8:03:13
11:59:07

8:30:44

8:15:01

8:11:05

8:07:09

6:05:15

4:07:18

Morn.
H.M.S.
H.M.S. H. M. S.
7:19:58 5:22:00 3:20:07 1:18:14 11:16:21
7:16:02 5:18:04 3:16:11 1:14:18 11:12:25
5:14:08 3:12:15 1:10:22 11:08:29
7:08:10 5:10:12 3:08:19 1:06:26 11:04:33
7:04:14 5:06:17 3:04:23 1:02:30 11:00:37
9:02:11 7:00:18 5:02:21 3:00:27 0:58:34 10:56:41
8:58:15 6:56:22 4:58:25 2:56:31 0:54:38 10:52:45
8:54:19 6:52:26 4:54:29 2:52:35 0:50:42 10:48:49
8:50:23 6:48:30 4:50:33 2:48:40 0:46:46 10:44:53
8:46:28 6:44:35 4:46:37 2:44:44 0:42:51 10:40:58
4:42:41 2:41:48 0:39:55 10:37:02
4:38:45 2:37:52 0:35:59 10:33:06
4:34:49 2:33:56 0:31:03 10:29:10
6:28:51 4:30:53 2:29:00 0:27:07 10:25:14
6:24:55 4:26:58 2:25:04 0:23:11 10:21:18
6:20:59 4:23:02 2:21:08 0:19:15 10:17:22
6:17:03 4:19:06 2:17:12 0:15:18 10:13:26
6:13:07 4:15:10 2:13:16 0:11:23 10:09:30
6:09:11 4:11:14
0:07:27 10:05:34
10:01:39

August.
Morn.

Sept.
Morn.

Oct.

Dec.

Eve.

Eve.

Eve.

6:01:19

4:03:22

9:57:14

7:59:17

5:57:23

3:43:14 1:41:20
3:39:18 1:37:25 11:47:20
3:35:22 1:33:29 11:43:24
3:31:26 1:29:33 11:39:28 9:37:34
3:27:30 1:25:37 11:35:32 9:33:38 7:35:41 5:33:48
11:31:36 9:29:42 7:31:45 5:29:52
11:27:40 9:25:47 7:27:50 5:25:56
11:23:44

7:51:25

5:49:31

9:45:26

7:47:29

5:45:36

2:01:29 Eve.
3:59:26 1:57:33 11:51:39
3:55:30 1:53:37 11:47:43
3:51:34 1:49:41 11:43:47
3:47:38 1:45:45 11:39:56

9:57:43

9:53:47

8:39:04
8:35:08 6:37:11
8:31:12 6:33:15
8:27:16 6:29:19
8:23:20 6:25:23
8:19:25 6:21:28
8:15:29 6:17:32
8:11:33 6:13:36
8:07:37 6:09:40
8:03:41 6:05:44
7:59:45 6:01:48
7:55:49 5:57:52
7:51:53 5:53:56
9:49:51 7:47:57 5:50:00

6:41:07

9:41:30

7:43:33

5:41:40

3:43:42 1:42:49 11:36:00

9:38:03

7:36:10

5:38:12

7:39:37

5:37:44

7:23:54

3:39:46 1:38:53 11:32:04
3:35:50 1:34:57 11:28:08
3:31:54 1:30:02 11:24:12
3:27:59 1:26:06 11:20:17
3:24:03 1:22:10

9:34:07

7:32:14 5:34:16

TABLE II.

TIMES OF UPPER MERIDIAN PASSAGE OF POLARIS, OR NORTH STAR, 1898.
Surveyors and civil engineers may obtain the variation of the magnetic needle for any place in the United States by directing
their compass to the North Star (Polaris) when it is upon the meridian, as given in the table below, for the upper culmination;
or 11 hours 58 minutes 2 seconds, before or after, when the star is on the lower meridian. Exact local time is used in the table, and the
timepiece used must be correct, and the bearing of the star taken promptly on time, and that bearing will be the true variation of
the needle. An error of only a few seconds in the timepiece will vitiate the bearing found; therefore, it will be much better to
take the bearing when the star is furthest east or west, at its greatest elongation, as observations made upon it then are not affected

materially by small errors of timepieces. To use this table for other places than Washington, D. C., add 9.83 seconds for each hour
of longitude east of Washington, and subtract 9.83 seconds for each hour west of it. From February 1 to August 1, use the lower
culmination. (For table to find the time of greatest elongation of Polaris, see Page 1, Table I, Almanac of 1897.)

Apr. 3

30

5657

13 Eul

9 | Iyar

May 3

29 5658 | 1 | Tishri

5 | Shebat

5657
The year 5657 is an Emolismic year, containing 13 months; Veadar. the seventh, of 30 days being added.
Sabbaths, and is the 14th year of the 298th cycle of 19 years.

The year contains 55

Aug. 29

29

5658 |

Dec. 24 |J'n22'98]

29

30

Sep. 26

30

A TABLE OF ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTEEN BRIGHT STARS. To ascertain when any Star or Constellation found in the following Table will be on the upper meridian, add the numbers opposite in the left-hand column of figures to the time of "Sidereal Noon" found in these pages. For the rising of a Star, subtract the number opposite in the right-hand column of figures from its meridian passage. For the setting of a Star, add the same number to its meridian passage. Those marked (....) revolve in a circle of perpetual apparition, and do not rise set north of the latitude of New York (40° 42′ 40′′), for which latitude the semidiurnal arcs are calculated. The civil day begins at midnight, and consequently 24 hours after midnight, or 12 hours from noon, is morning of the succeeding day; and more than 24 hours from noon, is evening of the next day. This table is arranged in the order of culmination. Stars having an asterisk (*) in the last column are seen only in Florida and Texas, when passing the meridian.

or

Argus (Naos)........
Argus

H. M.H. M.

37

0 35

52 8 Ursa Majoris (Merak)..
a Ursa Majoris (Dubke)..

510 Leonis

258 Leonis (Zozma)..

B Leonis (Denebola)..

y Ursa Majoris (Phad)
al Crucis (Acrux)

y Crucis...............................................

B Corvi..

H.

M.H.

M.

10 54

10 56

11

76

57

11 77

17

11 42 6 54

11 46

12 19 *

0

0 4

0 38 4

53

29

B Crucis

................

17

22e Virginis...

14 a Virginis (Spica)

75 Ursa Majoris (Mizar)..

21 Ursa Majoris (Benetnasch)
26 B Centauri (Agena)..

2 38 6 9 a Bootes (Arcturus)..

12 21

12 27 4 35

12 39 *

12 47 6 14

12 55 6

40

13 18 5 23

13 18

13 41

13 54

*

14 9

..........

7. 12

2 11 5

48

a Centauri (Bengula) 2 56 6 13 a2 Libræ.

3 19

10

3 16

3 41 7

8 Ursa Minoris (Kochab)..........
B Libræ..

29 a Corona Borealis (Alphecca).

4 29 6 58 a Serpentis (Unuk)..

810 14 8 Scorpii

5

.........

5 18 6 21 a Scorpii (Antares).

5 19 7 52 8 Herculis (Rutilicus).

5 26 5 59 a Herculis

5 30 5 56 A Scorpii (Lesuth)..

5 35 3 37 y Aræ...

5 42 5 26 a Aræ..

5 49 6 26

5 51 9 53

6

87 24

6 15 4 1

6 17 4 55

6 21 *

6 31 6 59

6 377 36

6 40 5 1

8 Draconis (Rastoban).
0 Scorpii

a Ophiuchi (Ras Alhague).

y Draconis (Etanin).

Sagittarii..

e Sagittarii

a Lyræ (Vega)..

B Lyræ..
Sagittarii

6 54 4 7a Aquila (Altair)..
7 13 7 22 a2 Capricorni (Giedi).
7 19 4 5 a Pavonis

7 27 8 11 a Cygni (Deneb)...

733 6 19 a Cephei (Alderamin)..

7 38 7 50 8 Aquarii.

8 5 1 31 B Cephei (Alphirk)
8 19 * e Pegasi (Enif)...
7 59 2 58 a Aquarii

*

a Gruis
Pegasi..

RISING, SETTING AND MERIDIAN PASSAGE OF PLANETS, 1898.

6:44

6:37

6:27

9:38

2:01

1:45

6:45 11:13 6:13
9:39 4:27 4:52
6:58 11:06 6:06
9:05 3:53 4:18
7:06 10:59 5:57
4:37 10:47 10:50 8:30 3:19 3:44
Sets. 10:52 5:48 6:16 3:53 10:03 10:06- 7:50 2:39 3:04
Eve. 10:45 5:36 6:02 3:13 9:23 9:26) 7:14 2:03 2:28
5:42 10:38] 5:25 5:48 2:31 8:40 8:43
6:36
6:01 10:32 5:15 5:36 1:57 8:03 8:05 6:06
6:26 10:23 4:59 5:17 1:13 7:20 7:22
6:49 10:14 4:44 4:59 0:30] 6:36 6:37
7:14 10:03 4:261 4:37 Eve. Sets. Sets.
7:39 9:53 4:09 4:17 10:57 Mor. | Mor. 3:28 10:21 10:46
8:03 9:42 3:51 3:55 10:10 4:16 4:17 2:43 9:36 9:51
8:28 9:30] 3:31 3:31 9:27 3:33 3:34 2:02
8:51 9:20 3:14] 3:11 8:46 2:52 2:53 1:20
9:10 9:08 2:55 2:49 8:05 2:12 2:14 0:38
9:28 8:56] 2:36 2:26| 7:22 1:29
9:351 8:53 2:27 2:14
8:33

5:52 12:00 0:03
5:15 11:25 | Eve.

1:26 1:51 0:56 1:21 5:27 0:17 0:42 4:48 Eve. Eve.

4:05 10:59|11:24

8:55 9:20

8:12 8:37

7:30 7:55

1:30 Eve. Sets. | Sets.

6:43 0:49

0:50 11:04 Mor. Mor.

July

1

2:28 9:12

July

August

8:59 7:49

8:43 7:38

4:21 10:19 19:18 3:43 9:40 9:39 3:00 9:05 9:03 2:37 8:31 8:28 2:02 7:54 7:50 1:30 7:21 7:16 0:58 6:46 6:40) 0:27 Ris's Ris's 6:13 11:20 10:52 Mor. | Mor. Mor. 6:46 5:54 11:02 10:34 11:24 5:41 5:56 6:22 5:30 10:40 10:13 10:50 5:10 5:20 5:52 5:05 10:16 9:50:10:19 4:40 4:51 5:111 4:37 9:50 9:24 9:27 4:10 4:22 0:44 Ris's Ris's Ris's 4:04 9:17 8:51 9:15 3:39 3:51 0:09 Mor. Mor. Mor. 3:27 8:40 8:14 8:43 3:09 3:22|Mor. 6:27 6:53 4:21 2:45 7:56 7:29 8:10 2:38 2:52 11:04 5:56 6:22 3:49 1:52 7:01 6:34 7:34 2:03 2:18 10:26 5:19 5:46

1 2:43 8:54| August 11 2:45 8:44| 0:43 0:14 August 21 2:45 8:32 8:26 7:26 0:29 Eve. September 1 2:45 8:19 8:06 7:13 0:15 11:45 September 11 2:45 8:08 7:50 7:00 0:02 11:32 September 21 2:45 7:58 7:34 6:45 Eve. 11:17 October 1 2:43 7:47 7:18 6:31 11:36|11:07 October 11 2:39 7:35 7:02 October 21 2:30 7:221 November 1 2:11 7:00 November 11 1:39 6:291 November. 21 0:50 5:45 December 1 Mor. Ris's December 11 10:48 Mor. December 21 10:01 4:421 December 31 9:30 4:09

3:01 2:37 2:16 1:52 8:18 1:35 1:11 7:34 0:51 0:27 6:54 0:11 Eve. 6:15 Eve. |11:04 5:33 10:46 10:22 4:56 10:08 9:44 4:19 9:31 9:06 3:43 8:55 8:30 3:07 8:18 7:53 2:31 7:42 7:17

1:53 7:04 6:39

1:18 6:28 6:02

AZIMUTH TABLE OF POLARIS, OR NORTH STAR, 1898.

The azimuths in the annexed table, applied properly to the magnetic bearing of Polaris at the time of its greatest elongation east or west, will give the true variation of the magnetic needle from a true north direction, and will be of great use to all surveyors and engineers. When the elongation is east the azimuth will be east and vice versa. At the present time the line of "No Variation" of the needle runs southeasterly from near Toledo, Ohio, to a point on the Atlantic coast about fifty miles southwest of Cape Fear, N. C. East of that line the north end of the needle points west of a true north, and west of that line east of the true north. The country may therefore be divided into eastern and western magnetic regions. In the "Eastern Region' the bearing of Polaris at its western elongation, if eastward, added to the lazimuth, gives the desired variation west; but if westward, the bearing taken from the azimuth gives the variation west. The bearing of Polaris at its eastern elongation will be eastward, and the azimuth subtracted therefrom gives the variation west. In the "Western Region" the bearing of Polaris at its eastern elongation, if westward, added to the azimuth, gives the variation east; but if eastward, the bearing taken from the azimuth gives the variation east. The bearing of Polaris at its westlern elongation will be westward, and diminished by the azimuth gives the variation 'east. The azimuths in the table, given for two degree zones, are practically sufficient for all the United States except Alaska. For intermediate latitudes, and dates, the azimuths may be found by proportion sufficiently correct, or exactly by the formula, 'log-sine azimuth equal log-sine Polar Distance of Polaris, minus log-cosine latitude. The surveyor or engineer is on the line of "No Variation' when the bearing of Polaris at greatest elongation is the same as the azimuth.

Month.

January.

Polar Azimuth of Polaris at its Greatest Elongation East or West.
Dis-
For Latitudes and Dates given below.

tance of 29° 31° 1 33° | 35° | 37° | 39° | 41°

43°

45°

Polaris. North. | North. | North. | North. | North. | North. | North. North. [North.

88888

591

59

February. 1111

44

17 1 26 1

February. 211

March.

28 1 35 01

49

4555

49

16

51

19

22

58

26