The dwellers on Arnon's heights. Alas for thee, Moab! Thou art lost, O people of Chemosh: He (Chemosh) gave his sons as fugitives, His daughters for captives to Sihon, king of the Amorites. Heshbon is lost as far as Dibon; We have laid waste to Nophah, It is probable, however, that these poetical pieces were preserved by oral tradition, and subsequently found a place in some collection, from which the author of this chapter received them. § 150. 3. THE VARIOUS FRAGMENTS WHICH COMPOSE THESE BOOKS. A. Genesis. It has been proved by the observations and inquiries of numerous critics, and confirmed and defended against the opposition of such as maintain the original unity of the book," that there are several different fragments united together in the book of Genesis. At the first a [In the last line I have followed the reading of the LXX., Copt., and Vulg.,, instead of, which is in the printed text, though marked as suspicious by the Masorites.] Hasse, Entdeckungen, &c.; 1805, vol. ii. p. 196. Sack, De Usu Nom. Dei in Genes. in his Commentatt.; 1821. Rink, Einleit. d. Mos. SchöpfungsBerichte; 1822. Ewald, Compos. der Genes. Ranke, Ub. Pentateuch; 1834, p. 157, sqq. Hengstenberg, Authentie der Pent.; 1836, vol. i. p. 180, sqq. Drechsler, Einleit. und Æchtheit d. Gen.; 1838. Hävernik, l. c. vol. ii. pt. i. p. 205, sqq. [See Turner, Companion to Genesis; New York, 1841.] Astruc, Conjectures sur les Memoires origénaux, dont il paroit que с glance, they betray themselves by the different names applied to the Supreme Being-ELOHIM and JEнhovah. But in this, however, the use of Elohim as an appellative, or otherwise peculiar word, must not be enumerated.“ On a closer examination, these are found to be distinguished by other peculiar characteristic marks. There are several different hypotheses which have been based on this phenomenon. The theory of Astruc, Eichhorn, Illgen, and Gramberg, which supposes there were two or more documents that extend throughout the whole book, falls to pieces of itself. But the other theory, which assumes that there were only several fragments of various authors, will appear to be limited to a small extent by the fact that the Elohistic fragments form a whole, which can be restored in a form almost perfect, while the Jehovistic passages cannot be thus united together." In the following pages I have put together those portions of the document Elohim, which, by the characteristics of language and contents, were easily arranged in a certain order; and, likewise, I have placed opposite them parallel or opposing passages. Moyse s'est sérvi pour composer le Livre de Genese; Bruxelles, 1753. [See the substance of the book translated in the Scriptural Interpreter, vol. vi. and vii.; Boston, 1836.] Eichhorn, Repert. vol. iv. p. 173, sqq. Möller, Uber d. Verschiedenheit der Styls...... Gen.; 1792. Illgen, Urkunden de Jerusalem. Tempelarchivs in ihrer Urgestalt; 1798. Vater, 1. c. vol. iii. p. 412, sqq., 696, sqq. Gramberg, Libri Gen. secundum Fontes rite dignoscendos Adumbratio nova; 1828. Stähelin, Krit. Untersch. üb. Gen.; 1830. Hartmann, Hist. Krit. Forschungen ub. d. 5 Büch. Mosis; 1831. Ewald, in Stud. und Krit. for 1831, pt. iii. Von Bohlen, Genesis. Tuch, Genesis. a As in vi. 2, xxviii. 21, iii. 1, 3, 5, ix. 27. [This fact will be shown below. The Elohistic passages are such as belong to the document where Elohim is used for God, the Jehovistic to that where God is called Jehovah.] DOCUMENTELOHIM." I. Gen. i.-ii. 3. Creation of the World. PARALLELS, ADDITIONS, AND NAME "JEHOVAH." "In the beginning, Elohim Gen. ii. 4—iii. 24. Creation of created the heaven and the earth. And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep; and the Spirit of Elohim moved upon the face of the waters. And Elohim said, 'Let there be light:' and there was light. And Elohim saw the light, that it was good and Elohim divided the light from the darkness. And Elohim called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night: and the evening and the morning were the first day. "And Elohim said, 'Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters.' And Elohim made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament and it was so. And Elohim called the firmament Heaven and the evening and the morning were the second day. "And Elohim said, 'Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one place, and let the dry land appear:' and it was so. And Elohim called the dry land Earth and the gathering together of the waters called he Seas: and Elohim saw that it was good. And Elohim said, 'Let the earth the World, Original History of Man, and the Origin of Evil. (Jehovah Elohim.) "These are the generations of the heavens and of the earth when they were created, in the day that Jehovah Elohim made the earth and the heavens, and every plant of the field before it was in the earth, and every herb of the field before it grew for Jehovah Elohim had not caused it to rain upon the earth, and there was not a man to till the ground. But there went up a mist from the earth, and watered the whole face of the ground. And Jehovah Elohim formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul. "And Jehovah Elohim planted a garden eastward in Eden; and there he put the man whom he had formed. And out of the ground made Jehovah Elohim to grow every tree that is pleasant to the sight, and good for food; the tree of life also in the midst of the garden, and the tree of knowledge of good and evil. And a river went out of Eden to water the garden : and from thence it was parted, and became into four heads. The name of the first is Pison: that is it DOCUMENT "ELOHIM." bring forth grass, the herb yielding seed, and the fruit-tree yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is in itself, upon the earth:' and it was so. And the earth brought forth grass, and herb yielding seed after his kind, and the tree yielding fruit, whose seed was in itself, after his kind and Elohim saw that it was good. And the evening and the morning were the third day. "And Elohim said, 'Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven, to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs and for seasons, and for days and years. And let them be for lights in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth' and it was so. And Elohim made two great lights, the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night: he made the stars also. And Elohim set them in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth, and to rule over the day, and over the night, and to divide the light from the darkness: and Elohim saw that it was good. And the evening and the morning were the fourth day. And Elohim said, 'Let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creature that hath life, and fowl that may fly above the earth in the open firmament of heaven.' And Elohim created great whales, and every living creature that moveth, which DOCUMENT "JEHOVAH." which compasseth the whole land of Havilah, where there is gold; and the gold of that land is good: there is bdellium, and the onyxstone. And the name of the second river is Gihon the same is it that compasseth the whole land of Ethiopia. And the name of the third river is Hiddekel: that is it which goeth toward the east of Assyria. And the fourth river is Euphrates. And Jehovah Elohim took the man, and put him into the garden of Eden, to dress it, and to keep it. And Jehovah Elohim commanded the man, saying, 'Of every tree of the garden thou mayest freely eat: but of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it: for in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die.' "And Jehovah Elohim said, 'It is not good that the man should be alone: I will make him a help meet for him.' And out of the ground Jehovah Elohim formed every beast of the field, and every fowl of the air, and brought them unto Adam to see what he would call them; and whatsoever Adam called every living creature, that was the name thereof. And Adam gave names to all cattle, and to the fowl of the air, and to every beast of the field: but for Adam there was not found a help meet for him. And Jehovah Elohim caused a deep sleep to fall upon DOCUMENT "ELOHIM." the waters brought forth abundantly after their kind, and every winged fowl after his kind and Elohim saw that it was good. And Elohim blessed them, saying, 'Be fruitful, and multiply, and fill the waters in the seas, and let fowl multiply in the earth.' And the evening and the morning were the fifth day. And Elohim said, 'Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle and creeping thing, and beast of the earth after his kind:' and it was so. And Elohim made the beast of the earth after his kind, and cattle after their kind, and every thing that creepeth upon the earth after his kind: and Elohim saw that it was good. "And Elohim said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness; and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth.' So Elohim created man in his own image, in the image of Elohim created he him; male and female created he them. And Elohim blessed them, and Elohim said unto them, 'Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth, and subdue it and have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over every living thing that moveth upon the earth.' : DOCUMENT "JEHOVAH.” Adam, and he slept; and he took one of his ribs, and closed up the flesh instead thereof: and the rib, which Jehovah Elohim had taken from man, made he a woman, and brought her unto the man. And Adam said, This is now bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh: she shall be called Woman, because she was taken out of man. Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother, and shall cleave unto his wife and they shall be one flesh.' And they were both naked, the man and his wife, and were not ashamed. "Now the serpent was more subtle than any beast of the field which Jehovah Elohim had made: and he said unto the woman, 'Yea, hath Elohim said, "Ye shall not eat of every tree of the garden? And the woman said unto the serpent, We may eat of the fruit of the trees of the garden: but of the fruit of the tree which is in the midst of the garden, Elohim hath said, "Ye shall not eat of it, neither shall ye touch it, lest ye die."' And the serpent said unto the woman, 'Ye shall not surely die: for Elohim doth know, that in the day ye eat thereof, then your eyes shall be opened; and ye shall be as gods, knowing good and evil.' And when the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was pleasant to the eyes, and a |