who volunteer their services, in order to break the waves of a sea which threatens every moment shipwreck and death. Decided by motives so numerous and powerful, we have resolved to do now what we could have wished to have done at the commencement of our Pontificate. After having by fervent prayers implored the Divine assistance, after having taken the advice and conasel of a great number of our venerable hrothers the Cardinals of the Holy Roman church, we havẹ

protection and dependence, reserving to ourselves and our successors tire prescription of every thing that might appear to us proper to consolidate, to defend it, and to purge it from the abuses and corruption that might be therein introduced; and for this purpose we expressly abrogated such apostolical constitutions, statutes, privileges, and indulgencies granted in contradiction to these concessions, especially the apostolic letters of Clement XIV., our predecessor, which begin with the words, Dominus ac Re-decreed, with full knowledge in virtue of the demptor noster, only in so far as they are con trary to our Brief, beginning Catholica, and which was given only for the Russian empire.

A short time after we had ordained the restoration of the order of Jesuits in Russia, we thought it our duty to grant the same favour to the kingdom of Sicily, on the warm request of our dear son in Jesus Christ, King Ferdinand, who begged that the Company of Jesus might be re-established in his dominions and states as it was in Russia, from a conviction that, in these deplorable times, the Jesuits were instructors most capable of forming youth to Christian piety and the fear of God, which is the beginning of wisdom, and to instruct them in science and letters. The duty of our pastoral charge leading us to second the pious wishes of these illustrious Monarchs, and having only in view the glory of God and the salvation of souls, we, by our Brief, beginning Per alias, and dated the 30th of July, 1804, extended to the kingdom of the Two Sicilies the same concessions which we had made for the Russian empire.

plenitude of Apostolic power, and with perpe tual validity, that all the concessions and powers granted by us solely to the Russian empire and the kingdom of the Two Sicilies, shall henceforth extend to all our Ecclesiastical States, and also to all other States. We therefore concede and grant to our well-beloved son, Taddeo Barzozowski, at this time General of the Company of Jesus, and to the other Members of that Company lawfully delegated by him, all suitable and necessary powers, in order that the said Stęteg may freely and lawfully receive all those who, shall wish to be admitted into the regular order, of the Company of Jesus, who, under the authority of the general ad interim, shall be admitted and distributed, according to opportunity, in one or more houses, one or more colleges, and one of› more provinces, where they shall conform their mode of life to the ruhs prèscribed by St. Ignacius of Loyola, approved and confirmed by the constitutions of Paul III. We declare besides, and graut power, that they may freely and lawfully apply to the education of youth in the principles of the Catholic faith, to form them to good morals, and to direct colleges and seminaries; we authorise them to hear confessions, to preach the word of God, and to administer the sacraments

The Catholic world demands with unanimous voice the re-establishment of the Company of Jesus. We daily receive to this effect the most pressing petitions from our venerable brethren, the Archbishops and Bishops, and the most dis-in the places of their residence, with the consent tinguished persons, especially since the abun- and approbation of the Ordinary. We take dant fruits which this Company has produced in under our tutelage, under our immediate obethe above countries have been generally known, dience, and that of the Holy See, all the colThe dispersion even of the stoues of the sanc-leges, houses, provinces, and members of this tuary in those recent calamities (which it is Order, and all those who shall join it; always better now to deplore than to repeat); the an-reserving to ourselves and the Roman Pontife nihilation of the discipline of the regular orders our successors, to prescribe and direct all that (the glory and support of religion and the Ca- we may deem it our duty to prescribe and tholic church, to the restoration of which all our direct, to consolidate the said Company more thoughts and cares are at present directed), and more, to render it stronger, and to require that we should accede to a wish so just purge it of abuses, should they ever creep in, and general. which God avert. It now remains for us to exhort with all our heart, and in the name of the Lord, all Superiors, Provincials, Rectors, Companions, and Pupils of this re-establish

We should deem ourselves guilty of a great crime towards God if, amidst these dangers of the Christian republic, we neglected the aids which the special providence of God has put at our dis-ed Society, to shew themselves at all times posal; and if, placed in the bark of Peter, tossed and assailed by continual storms, we refused to employ the vigorous and experienced rowers

and in all places, faithful imitators of their father; that they exactly observe the rule prescribed by their great founder; that they obey with an al

ways increasing zeal the useful advices and salu- | printing, will always present an insurtary counsels which he has left to his children.

In fiae, we recommend strongly, in the Lord, the Company and all its members to our dear sons in Jesus Christ, the illustrious and noble Princes and Lords temporal, as well as to our venerable brothers the Archbishops and Bishops, and to all those who are placed in authority; we exhort, we conjure them not only not to suffer that these religious be in any way molested, but to watch that they be treated with all due kin.lness and charity.

We ordain that the present letters be invio

mountable barrier to the total and absolute subjugation of the human mind; but when I consider the cunning and the wiles, which were successfully practised, in former ages, by a knavish and interested Priesthood, to subject even thrones to its insolent domination, I am not without my fears, that the modern attempts to reduce mankind to that dreadful state of vassalage, under which they groaned, particularly during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, may in some degree prove successful. Even should the Romish clergy succeed in obtaining half the power which they exercised at these periods, it would be a matter, in my apprehension, which every true friend of liberty ought deeply to deplore; for I have unithat the increase of ignorance, and of opformly observed, in my perusal of history,

Jably observed according to their form and tenour, in all time coming; that they enjoy their full and entire effect; that they shall never be submitted to the judgment or revision of any Judge, with whatever power he may be clothed; declaring null and of no effect any encroachment on the present regulations, either knowingly or from ignorance; and this notwith-pression, always kept pace with the instanding any apostolical constitutions and ordinances, especially the Brief of Clement XIV. of happy memory, beginning with the words Dominus ac Redemptor noster, issued under the seal of the Fisherman, on the 22d of July, 1773, which we expressly abrogate, as far as contraryciety of Monks ever shewed so much zeal to the present order.

crease of clerical power. Of all the attempts to promote the influence of the Roman Pontiff, and to second his views of universal dominion, none ever proved so fortunate as the encouragement which was given to the Order of the Jesuits; no so

and ardour in forwarding the designs of the Holy See. The church of Rome, in fact, owed its greatest splendour to the influence of this artful body; which, had it not been destroyed in Europe, would have finally

It is also our will that the same credit be paid to copies, whether in manuscript or printed, of our present Brief, as to the original itself, provided they have the signature of some notary public, and the seal of some ecclesiastical dig-succeeded, by its intrigues, in overthrowing nitary; that no one be permitted to infringe, or by an audacious temerity to oppose, any part of this ordinance; and that should any one take upon him to attempt it, let him know that he will thereby incur the indignation of Almighty God, and of the holy Apostles Peter and Paul. Given at Rome, at Sancia Maria Major, on the 7th of August, in the year of our Lord, 1814,

and the 15th of our Pontificate. (Signed)

Cardinal PRODATAIRE.
Cardinal BRASCHI.

RISE OF THE JESUITS. Mr. COBBETT,-The ready insertion you gave to my remarks on the Inquisition, encourages me again to address you. In whatever way you may contemplate; in whatever light the people of this country may be disposed to consider, the strenuous efforts now making, by the Church of Rome, to obtain a preponderating influence in Europe; I confess the very idea of there being merely a chance of her succeeding, fills my mind with the most gloomy apprehensions. I am aware that the art of

every power on earth, that, in any shape, stood in the way of the Pope's supremacy. It is now, I believe, near a century since it was expelled Europe; and it is a singular fact that this was done by a Roman Pontiff. Whether the church of Rome thought she had no longer occasion for the services of the Jesuits; whether they were become troublesome; or whether the act of expulsion was the consequence of remonstrances on the part of other powers, has not been well ascertained. But such is the fact, that the order was suppressed. in Europe by a papal Bull. If this event excited surprise, as it certainly did, at a period when mankind were not so well informed as they have been since, respecting the infamous character and dangerous pursuits of the Jesuits, how much more ought it to astonish the world, in this age of extended knowledge, that the same society should be restored to all its former rights and immunities, by a similar decree? How are we to account for the act of Pope Pius VII., by which this swarm ef

locusts are again let loose upon society, to | plied himself to study, and, at the end of despoil them of every comfort, to subject ten years, during which he lived in the them to the most degrading and abomin- greatest misery upon alms, he was made able tyranny? Surely, those Sovereigns of Master of Arts. With this recommenda Europe who have professed so much; who, tion, he returned to Spain in 1536, in it is said, have done so much for liberty company with ten persons, whom he had and happiness; who, we are told, have de- converted to his mode of life; after which livered the world from the greatest of all he set out for Rome, to obtain a formal tyrannies, and declared it to be their deter-introduction to the Popc. Put being dimination to restore to mankind their long-verted from this by an accident, he and his lost rights. Surely these benefactors of companions occupied themselves with atthe human race, to whom even the Pope tending the sick, in the hospitals of Venice, himself owes his present elevation, will not and dressing their wounds. They also permit the restoration of an Institution, commenced Priests, and for some time the existence of which, they cannot be ig-preached up and down the Venetian States, norant, was formerly attended with the without any establishment to support them. most fatal and destructive consequences to On his arrival at Rome, a new conspiracy their predecessors, as well as to their sub- was formed by the Monks against Ignatius jects. Should they consent to this; should and his party; but this was defeated by they again receive into the bosom of their Pope Paul III., who granted them a conStates; should they cherish, or even coun- firmation of their Order, which now began tenance, a society that brought so many every day to increase. At first the Society. calamities upon the earth; they may at appears to have been limited to sixty; but, once bid adieu to the high character they as the historian of the Jesuits says, afterhave obtained for magnanimity, to the ward the Pope, perceiving how needful this stability of their thrones, and to the Order was to the decaying Roman religion, prosperity of their people; for as certain permitted all that were fit to enter into the as it is that they now possess thrones, same ;"-so that in the short space of 75 as certain is it that the Jesuits will years, they had 293 colleges, and 123 do their utmost to subvert them. It houses. Besides the ordinary vows of would be difficult, and perhaps not very chastity, poverty, and obedience, common interesting, to attempt to give even a to all other Orders of Monks, the Jesuits sketch of the endless rules adopted by this" bind themselves, to the Pope, to undersociety, for the regulation of their Order. take, cheerfully, readily, and without But at a period, when its re-establishment, charge, any journey he shall command, by a formal Bull of the Pope, must occa for propagating the Roman faith."—Paul sion some enquiries respecting it, the fol- the Third gave them power to make whatlowing information may perhaps not be un-ever rules and constitutions they pleased; acceptable:-The Society of Jesuits was to excommunicate all who should interrupt instituted about the year 1540. It was or refuse to aid the Society; to preach, fonnded by a soldier named Ignatius administer the sacraments, hear confession, Loyola, who, happening to receive a wound absolve, &c. in any place they pleased; to in battle, which gave him much pain, and appoint and dismiss their office bearers, confined him for a long period, made a vow, without permission from the Pope; to abthat, on his recovery, he would devote the solve all returning heretics, and to imrest of his life to promote the advancement prison the refractory. They are also of the name of Jesus. The first step he exempt from the civil power, from taxes, took after he was cured, was to proceed to and tythes; they may disguise themselves the holy sepulchre, at Jerusalem, to con- in any habit; they have the privilege of firm his vow. He then went to Spain, erecting universities, and conferring dewhere he affected great austerity, and grees, where and when they please; to preached up the mortification of the flesh. dispense with fasting, and prohibited meats; Being very illiterate, and not in orders, and to correct, alter, interpret, expunge, the Monks made a handle of this to send and burn every book they dislike. They him to the Inquisition; but as he was found are the Pope's librarians, and he that visits to be full of zeal, and thought a fit instru- a Jesuit's house, or college, receives a ment to promote their cause, he was ho- plenary indulgence.-Such are the powers nourably dismissed by these ghostly fathers. and privileges which the See of Rome has He then proceeded to Paris, where he ap- I from time to time, thought proper to confer

on this body; and such are the powers to not, without impiety, dispense with entering which full play is now given, in all the into their quarrels, sharing their frenzy, States of Europe, where the Catholic reli- and shedding the blood of their enemies. gion is professed. I have always been a Contrary to the express orders of Christ, steady and warm advocate for what is the emissaries of the vicar of Jesus preached called Catholic Emancipation; but, I con-openly in his name, persecution, revenge, fess, if I thought the Irish people enter-hatred, and massacre. Their clamours tained any idea of countenancing the re-imposed on Sovereigns; and the least creestablishment of the Jesuits, I would re- dulous trembled at sight of their power, nounce them, and their cause, for ever. I which they dared not curb. A super trust, however, that some means will be stitious and cowardly policy made them betaken to apprise that deluded nation of the lieve, that it was the interest of the throne danger they run, should they entertain any to unite itself for ever with these inhuman such notions. They will assuredly raise a and boisterous madmen. Thus Princes, host of foes against them, and add strength submissive to the clergy, and making comto the phalanx, which already opposes their mon cause with them, became the ministers deliverance from the fangs of ignorance of their vengeance, and the executors of and superstition.It would be abusing their will. These blind Princes were your patience, and perhaps that of your obliged to support a power the rival of their readers, were I to enlarge any farther own, but they did not perceive that they in upon a subject, which probably appears to jured their authority, by delivering up their me entitled to more attention than it de-subjects to the tyranny and extortions of a serves. But I cannot conclude this letter, swarm of men, whose interest it was to without quoting the sentiments of a writer, plunge them into ignorance, incite their who must have been well acquainted with fanaticism, make themselves masters of the history of the usurpations of the Romish their minds, domineer over their conClergy, and whose work has lately, with sciences, and, in short, render them fit inwhat justice I shall not pretend to say, struments to serve their pride, avarice, rebeen surpassed by the secular power. venge, and obstinacy. By this worthless Speaking of the Order of the Jesuits, policy, in the States most submissive to the this writer remarks:---" Solely and blindly spiritual dominion of the Roman Pontiff, devoted to the interests of the Roman the liberty of thinking was prescribed with Pontiff, they seemed to have come into fury, activity was repressed, science was the world for the purpose of bringing punished, and industry crushed by the rathe universe under his chains.They pacity of the clergy, while morals were corrupted the youth, the education of neglected, and their place supplied by trawhom they wished exclusively to engross;ditional observances. Nations vegetated they strove to restore barbarism, knowing in inactivity; men cultivated only monaswell that want of knowledge is the greatest tic virtues, grievous to themselves, and prop of superstition; they extalled ignorance and blind submission; they depraved the manners, and in their stead substituted vain usages and superstitions, compatible with every vice, and calculated to suppress the remorse which crime might produce. They preached up slavery and unbounded submission to Princes, who themselves were their slaves, and who consented to become the instruments of their vengeance. They preached rebellion and regicide against the Princes who refused to bend under the odious yoke of the successor of St. Peter, whom they had the effrontery to declare infullible, and whose decisions they preferred far above those of the universal church. By their assistance the Pope became not only the despot, but even the true God of the Christians.-They had the impudence to maintain, that the Prince could

useless to society. They had no other impulse than what their fanaticism afforded, and no other science than an obscure jargon of theology. Their understandings had no other employment than endless disputes on mysterious subtleties, unworthy of rational beings. Those futile occupations engrossed the attention of the most profound genius, whose labours would have been useful, if they had been directed to objects really interesting.-Nations were impoverished to foster, in abundance, in luxury, and often in drunkenness, legions of Monks, Priests, and Pontiffs, from whom they derived no real benefits.Under pretence of bestowing stipends on the intercessors with God, they richly endowed a multitude of drones, whose prayers and reveries procured only misery and dissentions. Education, entrusted throughout

King of Prussia: and the Archdukes John and Anthony to the frontiers of Bavaria, to meet the Kings of Bavaria and Wurtemberg. All the towns through which the Sovereigns pass are to be illuminated at night. Meantime it is not surprising that, in a country where money-jobbing is always carrying on, doubts and uneasiness should Le purposely kept up. The principal ground of such apprehension is, the continued activity of the military armaments; for though the army is mostly in its standing quarters, each regiment is kept ready to march till every arrangement is finished, and the artillery is even furnished with the necessary horses and ammunition.-There is, however, no where any thing directly indicative of warlike operations, except that the army in Italy continues to be greatly reinforced; and it is confidently believed, that in that country considerable changes in the state of possession will be made.

Very active negociations are

Christendom to base or ignorant Priests, was calculated to form superstitious persons only, destitute of the qualities necessary to make useful citizens. The instruction they gave Christians, was confined to inculcating dogmas and mysteries, which the latter never could comprehend. They in cessantly preached up evangelical morality; but this sublime morality which all the world esteems, and which so few practise, because it is incompatible with the nature and wants of man, did not restrain the passions, or ever check their irregularity of manners. By these means, in most Christian countries, people and Princes openly united devotion with the most hideous depravity of manners, and often with the blackest crimes. There were pious tyrants, and adulterers, oppressors and iniquitous ministers, courtiers without morals, and public depredators, all very devout. There were knaves of every kind displaying the greatest zeal for a religion, the ministers of which imposed easy ex-carrying on with the Court of Naples. piations even on those who violated its most Hamb. Correspond. August 28."―The express precepts. Thus, by the cares of "country where money jobbing is althese spiritual guides, concord was ba- ways carried on," alluded to in this article, nished from States; Princes sunk into bon- is evidently Great Britain. Indeed, the dage; the people were blinded; science accounts with which our vile newspapers was stiffled; nations were impoverished; are constantly filled, of warlike demonstratrue morality was unknown; and the most tions on the Continent, can be regarded in devout Christians were commonly devoid no other light than as stock-jobbing tricks of those talents and virtues which are in- to raise the funds, for the purpose of enrichdispensably necessary for the support of ing needy adventurers. In these sort of society." speculations, there are none more actively employed than the proprietors and conductors of those journals who are devoted to the support of corruption, and who, by the hints which they receive from some understrappers in office, are enabled to play off the game with greater success than their neighbours, and thus secure to themTHE CONGRESS.-The opinion which I selves the wages of iniquity. - But this have already given, that the discussions mode of promoting their sinister views, is: about to take place at the ensuing Congress, not confined to the Press of this country. will terminate in a peaceable manner, is Articles of intelligence are frequently maconfirmed by the following accounts broughtnufactured here, and sent over for insertion by the Hamburgh mail :-" AUSTRIA, AUG. 20-The opening of the Congress in Vienna is looked to with the most lively importance. Well-informed persons have long since been convinced that it will take place at the appointed time, and have a happy issue. Some measures clearly indi-even appear to have given way to this infacate this. Four Archdukes, it is said, are to go to meet the Sovereigns, viz. the Palatine to the frontiers of Gallicia, to meet the Emperor Alexander; Archduke Charles to the frontiers of Bohemia, to meet the

I propose, in my next, to make some remarks upon the rise and power of the Popes, and the arrogant controul which they exercised, for so many ages, over the consciences both of kings and of the people,

I am, &c. AN OBSERVER.

in the Continental papers, to which an aspect is given by their fabricators, calculated to deceive the public here, by which the funds are raised or lowered as it suits the purpose of these unprincipled speculators. Some of the minor French journals

mous practice; for, of late, several articles of that description have appeared in their columns, which carry with them all the marks of English manufacture. This sort of game is, no doubt, very profit