guns brought to bear upon approaching the Royal George. Shots came from the vessels. The remainder of her guns were two British vessels, which were returned, taken out to be placed in battery on the land. An iron 32-pounder, which had been lying in the mud near the shore, and from that circumstance was called the "Old Sow," was placed in battery on a bluff with three other heavy guns; and a company of artillery had four heavy guns. With this force the Americans were prepared to receive the invaders. The squadron slowly entered the harbor (July 29), and when the Royal George and Prince Regent were near enough, Capt. William Vaughan, a sailing-mas and a brisk cannonading was kept up for about two hours, the squadron standing off and on out of the range of the smaller guns. One of the enemy's shot (a 32pounder) came over the bluff, struck the ground, and ploughed a furrow. Sergeant Spier caught it up and ran with it to Vaughan, exclaiming, "I have been playing ball with the redcoats and have caught 'em out. See if the British can catch it back again." The Royal George was at that moment nearing to give a broadside. Vaughan's great gun immediately sent back killed fourteen men, and wounded eighteen. The Royal George had already received a shot between wind and water, and been pierced by another, and she now showed a signal for retreat. The squadron put about and sailed out of the harbor, while the band on shore played "Yankee , Doodle." The Americans received no injury. 28th he was in Backus's camp. Thence he sent expresses in all directions to summon the militia to the field, and fired alarm guns to arouse the inhabitants. As fast as the militia came in they were armed and sent to Horse Island, where the Sackett's Harbor light-house was erected. It was connected with the main by an isthmus covered with water of fordable depth, and there it was expected the invaders would attempt to land. At noon six British vessels and forty bateaux appeared off Sackett's Harbor, having over 1,000 land troops, under the command of When, in May, 1813, the British authorities heard of the depletion of the military force at Sackett's Harbor when Chauncey and Dearborn sailed for York, they resolved to attempt its capture. It was then the chief place of deposit for the Gov.-Gen. Sir George Prevost. The troops soon ordered back, when the whole squadron went out on the open lake. The appearance of a flotilla of American gunboats approaching from the westward had alarmed Prevost. They were conveying part of a regiment from Oswego to join the garrison at Sackett's Harbor. As soon as their real weakness was discovered the squadron returned to the harbor, and on the next morning a considerable force, armed with cannon and muskets, landed on Horse Island. The militia had been withdrawn from the island, and placed behind a gravel ridge on the main. These fled almost at the first fire of the invaders. naval and military stores of the Americans were embarked in the bateaux, but were on the northern frontier, and its possession would give to the holder the command of the lake. The fall of York made the British hesitate; but when it was known that Chauncey and Dearborn had gone to the Niagara River, an armament proceeded from Kingston to assail the harbor. On the evening of May 27, word reached that place that a British squadron, under Sir James Yeo, had sailed from Kingston. Colonel Backus was in command of the troops at Sackett's Harbor. Gen. Jacob Brown was at his home, a few miles from Watertown, and he had promised to take chief command in case of invasion. He was summoned, and before the dawn of the This disgraceful conduct astonished General Brown, and he attempted to rally the fugitives. Colonel Backus, with his regulars and Albany volunteers, was disputing the advance inch by inch, and a heavy gun at Fort Tompkins, in the front, was playing upon the British, when a dense smoke was seen rising in the rear of the Americans. The storehouses, in which an immense amount of materials had been gathered, and a ship on the stocks, had been fired by the officers in charge, under the impression, when the militia fled, that the fort would be captured. For a moment it was believed the British were the incendiaries, and the sight was disheartening; but when Brown found it was an unwise friend, he felt a relief, and redoubled his exertions to rally the militia. He succeeded, and so turned the fortunes of the day in his favor. Prevost, moving cautiously with his troops, mounted a high stump, and, with his field-glass, saw the rallying militia on his flank and rear. Believing them to be reinforcements of American regulars, he sounded a retreat, and that movement soon became a disorderly flight, as his men hurried to reach their boats, leaving their dead and wounded behind them. At noon the whole armament left the harbor, and the menaced place was saved. So, also, was the ship on the stocks; not so the stores, for half a million dollars' worth was destroyed. Sackett's Harbor was never again molested, and it remained the chief place of deposit for supplies of the army on the northern frontiers during the war. For his conduct in the defence of Sackett's Harbor, Brown was promoted brigadier-general, United States army. See BROWN, JACOB. one of the most popular of foreign ministers until the closing days of the Presi dential campaign of 1888. On Oct. 24, a letter alleged to have been written to him by Charles F. Murchison, of Pomona, Cal., was published. In it Murchison said that he was a naturalized citizen of the United States, but of English birth, and that he wished information not only for himself but for many other citizens of English birth whose political action he desired to influence. The letter also reflected upon the conduct of the United States respecting unsettled controversies between the two countries. The British minister answered this letter, advising his correspondent to vote with the Democratic party, which, he declared, was favorable to England. The United States government at once requested of Great Britain the recall of her minister on the ground that he had abused the usual privileges of diplomatic life by interfering in the political affairs of a friendly nation. As this request was not promptly complied with the State Department sent Lord Sackville his passports on Oct. 30. The affair was the subject of much diplomatic correspondence, entered largely into the arguments of the campaign, and led Great Britain to withhold the appointment of a successor till after the inauguration of the new administration. Lord Sackville openly disclaimed any intention to interfere in the political affairs of the United States, and it was widely believed that he had unwittingly fallen into a trap purposely set to influence the Presidential election. Saco Bay, SETTLEMENT OF. In 1616 Sir Ferdinando Gorges sent out, at his Sackville, GEORGE GERMAIN, VISCOUNT, own expense, Richard Vines to make a military officer; born in England, Jan. settlement in New England. On Saco Bay 26, 1716; educated at Trinity College, he spent the winter of 1616-17, at a place Dublin; won distinction in the British called Winter Harbor. During that period army; promoted lieutenant-general in the pestilence that almost depopulated 1758; was secretary of state for the colo- the country from the Penobscot to Narnies during the Revolutionary War and raganset Bay raged there, and Vines, bewas especially bitter against the Ameri- ing a physician, attended the sick Indians cans; created Viscount in February, 1782. with great kindness, which won their gratiHe died Aug. 26, 1785. tude. He and his companions dwelt and Sackville, BARON LIONEL SACKVILLE slept among the sick in their cabins, but SACKVILLE-WEST, diplomatist; born in were never touched by the pestilential England, July 19, 1827; entered the dip fever. He made the whole coast a more lomatic service in 1847; was envoy ex- hospitable place for Englishmen aftertraordinary and minister plenipotentiary wards. He restrained traders from deto the United States in 1881-88. He was bauching the Indians with rum, and he was the first Englishman who described and Vanderbilt University in 1874-94; the White Mountains, for he went to the and for more than thirty years was a source of the Saco River in a canoe. In member of the State board of health. 1630 the Plymouth Company gave Rich ard Vines and John Oldham each a tract of land on the Saco River, 4 miles wide on the sea, and extending 8 miles inland. Sacramento, capital of the State of California, was early known as New Helvetia and a trading-post. It was settled by JOHN A. SUTTER (q. v.); became a place of large importance on the discovery of gold by James W. Marshall, the first building being erected in 1849; and was made the State capital in 1854. Population in 1900, 29,282. After Sacramento, BATTLE OF THE. the battle of BRACETI (q. v.), Col. Alexander W. Doniphan entered El Paso without opposition, and sent a messenger to hurry up artillery which he had sent for to Santa Fé. It arrived on Feb. 1, 1847, and on the 11th he set out for Chihuahua in search of General Wool. After marching 145 miles he learned that Wool was not at Chihuahua. He pressed forward, however, and halted near the Sacramento River, about 18 miles from the city of Chihuahua, in the State of the same name. There he was confronted (Feb. 28) by about 4,000 Mexican cavalry, infantry, and artillery. After a contest of about three hours, the Mexicans were routed by the men under Doniphan. Twelve of their cannon were captured, with ammunition and other munitions of war. The loss of the Mexicans was about 600 men; of the Americans, eighteen. Doniphan then pressed forward, and entered Chihuahua, a city of 40,000 in habitants, without opposition, and planted the American flag upon its citadel. He took formal possession of the province in the name of the United States. After resting there six weeks, Doniphan pushed forward and joined Wool at Saltillo (May 22). See MEXICO, WAR WITH. He is author of Geology Reconnoissance of Tennessee; Geology of Tennessee; and many papers on geological subjects. Safford, WILLIAM HARRISON, lawyer; born in Parkersburg, Va., Feb. 19, 1821; was educated at Asbury Academy, Parkersburg, Va.; admitted to the bar in 1842; began practice in Chillicothe, O., in 1848; served in the State Senate in 1858-60; and was judge of the second sub-division of the fifth judicial circuit of Ohio in 1868-74. He is author of Life of Blennerhassett and The Blennerhassett Papers. Sag Harbor, EXPEDITION TO. Early in 1777 the British gathered much forage at Sag Harbor, at the eastern end of Long Island, protected by an armed schooner and a company of infantry. General Parsons, in command in Connecticut, sent Lieutenant-Colonel Meigs with 170 men in thirty whale-boats to capture or destroy their forage. They landed near Southold, carried their boats across to a bay, about 15 miles, and, re-embarking, landed before daylight about 4 miles from Sag Harbor. They took the place by surprise, May 25, killing six men and capturing ninety. They burned the forage and twelve vessels, and returned without the loss of a man. Sage, HENRY WILLIAM, philanthropist; born in Middletown, Conn., Jan. 31, 1814; acquired a large fortune in the lumber trade, and will be remembered best for his benefactions to Cornell University. He was elected one of the trustees in 1870, and from 1875 till his death president of the board. His gifts to Cornell include the Sage College for Women, cost $266,000; the Sage School of Philosophy, $200,000; University Library Building, $260,000; and endowment, $300,000; the Susan Safford, JAMES MERRILL, geologist; E. Linn Sage chair of philosophy and born in Putnam (now Zanesville), O., home for the Sage professors of philosoAug. 13, 1822; graduated at the Ohio phy, $61,000; the Sage Chapel; and the State University in 1844; Professor of Museum of Classical Archæology. His Natural Science in Cumberland Univer- various gifts aggregated about $1,250.000 sity, Lebanon, Tenn., in 1848-72; during in value. He died in Ithaca, N. Y., Sept. which time (1854-60 and since 1871) he 17, 1897. After his death his sons, Dean was State Geologist of Tennessee; Pro- Sage, of Albany, and William H. Sage, of fessor of Chemistry in the medical de- Ithaca, presented the university, for a partment of the University of Nashville student's hospital, the Sage mansion, valued at $80,000, a full equipment, and plump and generally handsome; and some an endowment of $100,000. Sage, RUSSELL, capitalist; born in Shenandoah, N. Y., Aug. 4, 1816; received a public school education; and till 1857 was engaged in mercantile pursuits in Troy. He was elected alderman in 1841 and 1848; served as treasurer of Rensselaer county for seven years; was in Congress as a Whig in 1853-57; later became interested in railroads; removed to New York City in 1863 and engaged in business in Wall Street; and for many years has been closely connected with the affairs of the Union Pacific Railroad. On Dec. 4, 1891, a man named Norcross obtained access to Mr. Sage's office; secured an interview with the millionaire; demanded from him $1,200,000 in cash; and, on Mr. Sage's refusal to pay the money, pulled a small dynamite bomb from a satchel in his hand, and dashed it on the floor. The explosion that followed killed Norcross, seriously injured Mr. Sage, wounded a clerk so severely that he died soon afterwards, and partially wrecked the building. At the time of the outrage William R. Laidlaw, Jr., a clerk for a banking firm, was in Mr. Sage's office. He claimed that Mr. Sage seized him and held him as a shield for his own person, with a result that Laidlaw was also severely injured. Soon afterwards he began suit against Mr. Sage for damages. After many delays a jury awarded him a handsome sum, whereupon Mr. Sage appealed to the higher court, and the matter is still (1901) in litigation. Sahaptin Indians, a family regarded as a distinct nation of Indians within the domains of the United States. It is one of the nine Columbian families in the States of Oregon and Washington. Their country extends from the Dalles of the Columbia River to the Bitter Root Mountains on both sides of the Columbia, and on the forks of the Lewis and the Snake and Sahaptin rivers. The nation includes the NEZ PERCES (q. v.) or Sahaptins proper, the Walla Wallas, and other clans of less importance. On the northern border are the Salish family, chiefly in the British possessions, and on the southern the Shoshones. They are of medium stature; the men are brave and muscular, and dignified in appearance; the women of the tribes, especially the Nez Percés, are neat in their personal appearance. With the exception of the latter, none of the Sahaptin nation have figured in the history of the republic. See NEZ PERCÉS INDIANS. Sailor's Creek, a small tributary of the Appomattox River in Virginia, the scene of an engagement on April 6, 1865, between Sheridan's cavalry and the 2d and 6th Corps of the Army of the Potomac and the Confederates of the Army of Northern Virginia under Generals Ewell, Anderson, Pickett, and Bushrod Johnson. Ewell's corps was captured and the divisions of Anderson, Pickett, and Johnson almost broken up, about 10,000 men in all being captured. This action is variously known as the battle of Sailor's Creek, Harper's Farm, and Deatonsville. St. Albans, a city and county seat of Franklin county, Vt., near Lake Champlain. On Oct. 19, 1864, a party of armed Confederate refugees in Canada, under the leadership of Lieut. Bennett H. Young, raided the town in the afternoon, and attacked the St. Albans, Franklin County, and First National banks. They overpowered the few employés of the banks then on duty, secured an aggregate of $211,150 in bank-notes, seized all the horses they could find, and rode off hastily towards Canada. The party numbered between thirty and forty, and the entire proceeding occupied only about twenty minutes. Nearly the entire party was subsequently captured by the Canadian authorities. In 1867 the town was again a centre of public interest. An invasion of Canada from the United States had been arranged for the spring by members of the Fenian Brotherhood. Buffalo, N. Y., and Detroit, Mich., were chosen as the principal rendezvous, and St. Albans, Vt., and Odgensburg, N. Y., as depots for the accumulation of arms and stores, and as points of departure for subordinate contingents of the " army of invasion." The vigilance of the United States government and lack of harmony among the Fenian leaders prevented anything more serious than a border excitement. St. Andrew, BROTHERHOOD OF, an organization of men in the Protestant Epis |