States and Cuba. This squadron and the of the harbor of Santiago de Cuba in North Atlantic Squadron under Rear- column at distance and attempted to Admiral Sampson were at first indepen- escape to the westward. dent of each other, but co-operated in searching for the Spanish squadron under WINFIELD SCOTT SCHLEY. Admiral Cervera. On June 29 both fleets were united under the command of Samp son. During the battle which followed the attempt of Admiral Cervera to escape, Rear-Admiral Schley was in immediate command of the American fleet, as RearAdmiral Sampson, the commander-in-chief of the naval force, was absent on a run to Siboney. He was promoted rear-ad`miral in August, 1898; and was appointed commander-in-chief of the South Atlantic Station. He was retired on reaching the age limit, Oct. 9, 1901. Report on the Santiago Battle.-The following is the text of Rear-Admiral Schley's report on the destruction of Cervera's fleet: GUANTANAMO BAY, CUBA, July 6, 1898. The Commander-in-Chief, United States Naval Force, North Atlantic Squadron: SIR, First. I have the honor to make the following report of that part of the squadron under your command which came under my observation during the engagement with the Spanish fleet on July 3, 1898. Second. At 9.35 A.M. Admiral Cervera, with the Infanta Maria Teresa, the Vizcaya, the Oquendo, the Cristobal Colon, and two torpedo-boat destroyers came out Signal was made from the Iowa that the enemy was coming out, but his movement had been discovered from this ship at the same moment. This vessel was the farthest west, except the Vixen, of the blockading line; signal was made to the western division, as prescribed in your general orders, and there was immediate and rapid movement inward by your squadron and a general engagement at ranges beginning at 1,100 yards and varying to 3,000 until the Vizcaya was destroyed, about 10.50 A.M. The concentration of the fire of the squadron upon the ships coming out was most furious and terrific, and great damage was done them. Third. About twenty or twenty-five minutes after the engagement began two vessels, thought to be the Maria Teresa and the Oquendo, and since verified as such, took fire from the effective shelling of the squadron and were forced to run on the beach, some 6 or 7 miles west of the harbor entrance, where they burned and blew up later. The torpedo-boat destroyers were destroyed early in the action, but the smoke was so dense in their direction that I cannot say to which vessel or vessels the credit belongs. This, doubtless, was better seen from your flag-ship. Fourth. The Vizcaya and the Colon, perceiving the disaster to their consorts, continued at full speed to the westward to escape, and were followed and engaged in a running fight with the Brooklyn, the Texas, the Iowa, and the Oregon, until 10.50 o'clock, when the Vizcaya took fire from our shells. She put her helm to port, and with a heavy list to port side inshore and ran aground at Acerraderos, about 20 miles west of Santiago, on fire fore and aft, and where she blew up during the night. Observing that she had struck her colors, and that several vessels were nearing her to capture and save her crew, signal was made to cease firing. The Oregon proving vastly faster than the other battle-ships, she and the Brooklyn, together with the Texas and another vessel, which proved to be your flag-ship, continued westward in pursuit of the Colon. which had run close inshore, evi dently seeking some good spot to beach if deem proper the gallantry and dashing she should fail to elude her pursuers. Fifth. The pursuit continued with increasing speed in the Brooklyn, the Oregon, and other ships, and soon the Brooklyn and the Oregon were within long range of the Colon, when the Oregon opened fire with her 13-inch guns, landing a shell close to the Colon. A moment afterwards the Brooklyn opened fire with her 8-inch guns, landing a shell just ahead of her. Several other shells were fired at the Colon, now in range of the Brooklyn and the Oregon's guns. Her commander, seeing all chances of escape cut off and destruction awaiting his ship, fired a lee gun and struck her flag, at 1.15 P.M., and ran ashore at a point some 50 miles west of Santiago Harbor. Your flag-ship was coming up rapidly at the time, as were also the Texas and the Vixen. A little later, after your arrival, the Cristobal Colon, which had struck to the Brooklyn and the Oregon, was turned over to you as one of the trophies of this great victory of the squadron under your command. Sixth. During my official visit a little later Commander Eaton, of the Resolute, appeared and reported to you the presence of a Spanish battle-ship near Altares. Your orders to me were to take the Oregon and go eastward to meet her, and this was done by the Brooklyn, with the result that the vessel reported as an enemy was discovered to be the Austrian cruiser Infanta Maria Theresa, seeking the commander-inchief. Seventh. I would mention for your consideration that the Brooklyn occupied the most westward blockading position, with the Vixen, and, being more directly in the route taken by the Spanish squadron, was exposed for some minutes-possibly tento the gun fire of three of the Spanish ships and the west battery at a range of 1,500 yards from the ships and about 3,000 yards from the batteries, but the vessels of the entire squadron, closing in rapidly, soon diverted this fire and did magnificent work at close range. I have never before witnessed such deadly and fatally accurate shooting as was done by the ships of your command as they closed in on the Spanish squadron, and I deem it a high privilege to commend to you for such action as you may courage, the prompt decision and skilful handling of their respective vessels of Captain Philip, Captain Evans, Captain Clark, and especially of my chief of staff, Captain Cook, who was directly under my personal observation, and whose coolness, promptness, and courage were of the highest order. The dense smoke of the combat shut out from my view the Indiana and the Gloucester, but as these vessels were closer to your flag-ship no doubt their part in the conflict was under your immediate observation. Eighth. Lieutenant Sharp, commanding the Vixen, acted with conspicuous courage; although unable to engage the heavier ships of the enemy with his light guns, nevertheless he was close into the battle line under heavy fire, and many of the enemy's shot passed beyond his vessel. Ninth. I beg to invite special attention to the conduct of my flag lieutenant, James H. Sears, and Ensign Edward McCauley, Jr., aide, who were constantly at my side during the engagement, and who exposed themselves fearlessly in discharging their duties; and also to the splendid behavior of my secretary, Lieut. B. W. Wells, Jr., who commanded and directed the fighting of the fourth division with splendid effect. Tenth. I would commend the highly meritorious conduct and courage in the engagement of Lieut-Com. N. E. Mason, the executive officer, whose presence everywhere over the ship during its continuance did much to secure the good result of this ship's part in the victory. Eleventh. The navigator, Lieut. A. C. Hodgson, and the division officers, Lieut. T. D. Griffin, Lieut. W. P. Rush, Lieut. Edward Simpson, Lieut. J. G. Doyle, and Ensign Charles Webster, and the junior divisional officers were most steady and conspicuous in every detail of duty, contributing to the accurate firing of this ship in their part of the great victory of your forces. Twelfth. The officers of the medical, pay, and engineer and marine corps responded to every demand of the occasion, and were fearless in exposing themselves. The warrant officers, Boatswain William L. Hill, Carpenter G. H. Warford, and Gunner F. T. Applegate, were everywhere exposed in watching for damage, reports action in the earlier moments of the enof which were promptly conveyed to me. gagement. The execution of this purpose Thirteenth. I have never in my life was promptly defeated by the fact that served with a braver, better, or worthier all the ships of the squadron advanced crew than that of the Brooklyn. During into close range and opened an irresistthe combat, lasting from 9.30 A.M. until ible, furious, and terrific fire upon the 1.15 P.M., much of the time under fire, enemy's squadron as it was coming out they never flagged for a moment, and were of the harbor. apparently undisturbed by the storm of projectiles passing ahead, astern, and over the ship. Fourteenth. The result of the engagement was the destruction of the Spanish squadron and the capture of the admiral and some 1,300 to 1,500 prisoners, with the loss of several hundred killed, estimated by Admiral Cervera at 600 men. Nineteenth. I am glad to say that the injury supposed to be below the waterline was due to a water valve being opened from some unknown cause and flooding the compartment. The injury to the belt is found to be only slight and the leak small. Twentieth. I beg to enclose a list of the officers and crew who participated in the combat of July 3, 1898. Very respectfully, Fifteenth. The casualties on board this Twenty-first. I cannot close this report ship were: G. H. Ellis, chief yeoman, without mentioning in high terms of killed; J. Burns, fireman, first-class, se- praise the splendid conduct and support verely wounded. The marks and scars of Capt. C. E. Clark, of the Oregon. show that the ship was struck about Her speed was wonderful, and her accutwenty-five times, and she bears in all rate fire splendidly destructive. forty-one scars as the result of her participation in the great victory of your force on July 3, 1898. The speed-cone halyards were shot away, and nearly all the signal halyards. The ensign at the main was so shattered that in hauling it down at the close of the action it fell in pieces. Sixteenth. I congratulate you most sincerely upon this great victory of the squadron under your command, and I am glad that I had an opportunity to contribute in the least to a victory that seems big enough for all of us. Seventeenth. I have the honor to transmit herewith the report of the commanding officer and a drawing in profile of the ship showing the location of hits and scars; also a memorandum of the ammunition expended and the amount to fill her allowance. W. S. SCHLEY, The Court of Inquiry.-The controversy between the friends of Rear Admirals Sampson and Schley, noted in the sketch of the former, led to criticisms on the conduct of the latter during the Santiago fight, which were considered by his friends exceedingly unjust. Personally he took no notice of the reflections upon his professional conduct, declaring that the history had been made, and the proofs of it were in the public documents, until July 22, 1901, when he requested a court of inquiry into his conduct. His request was at once granted, and a court was appointed, comprised of Admiral Dewey, Rear-Admirals Benham and Ramsay. The court began its inquiry in Washington on Sept. 12, and on Dec. 13, 1901, reported its proceedings and the testimony taken, with a full and detailed statement of all the pertinent facts, which it deems to be established, together with its opinion and recommendation in the premises. The text of the opinion and the recommendation are as follows: Eighteenth. Since reaching this place and holding conversation with several of the captains-viz., Captain Eulate, of the Vizcaya, and the second in command of the Colon, Commander Controras-I have learned that the Spanish admiral's scheme was to concentrate all fire for a while on the Brooklyn, and the Vizcaya to ram her, in hopes, if they could destroy her, the chance of escape would be increased, as it was supposed she was the swiftest ship of your squadron. This explains have maintained a close blockade of that the heavy fire mentioned in the Vizcaya's port. OPINION OF COURT "Commodore Schley, in command of the Flying Squadron, should have proceeded with utmost despatch off Cienfuegos and should "He should have endeavored on May 23, at Cienfuegos, to obtain information regarding the Spanish squadron by communicating with the insurgents at the place designated In the memorandum delivered to him at 8.15 A.M. of that date. "He should have proceeded from Cienfuegos to Santiago de Cuba with all despatch, and should have disposed his vessels with a view of intercepting the enemy in any attempt to pass the Flying Squadron. "He should not have delayed the squadron for the Eagle. "He should not have made the retrograde turn westward with his squadron. "He should have promptly obeyed the Navy Department's order of May 25. ing the Spanish squadron from her when she came out. "The passage from Cienfuegos to a point about 22 miles south of Santiago was made with as much despatch as was possible while keeping the squadron a unit. "The blockade of Santiago was effective. "Commodore Schley was the senior officer of our squadron off Santiago when the Spanish squadron attempted to escape on the morning of July 3, 1898. He was in absolute command and is entitled to the credit due to such commanding officer for the glorious victory which resulted in the total destruction of the Spanish ships. "GEORGE DEWEY, "Admiral, U. S. N. "SAM. C. LEMLY, "He should have endeavored to capture or destroy the Spanish vessels at anchor "Judge-Advocate-General, U. S. N., Judgenear the entrance of Santiago Harbor on May 29 and 30. "He did not do his utmost with the force under his command to capture or destroy the Colon and other vessels of the enemy which he attacked on May 31. By commencing the engagement on July 3 with the port battery and turning the Brooklyn around with port helm, Commodore Schley caused her to lose distance and position with the Spanish vessels, especially with the Vizcaya and Colon. "The turn of the Brooklyn to starboard was made to avoid getting her into dangerous proximity to the Spanish vessels. The turn was made towards the Texas and caused that vessel to stop and to back her engines to avoid possible collision. "Admiral Schley did injustice to Lieut. Com. A. C. Hodgson in publishing only a portion of the correspondence which passed between them. "Commodore Schley's conduct in connection with the events of the Santiago campaign prior to June 1, 1898, was characterized by vacillation, dilatoriness, and lack of enterprise.. "His official reports regarding the coal supply and the coaling facilities of the Fly ing Squadron were inaccurate and misleading. "His conduct during the battle of July 3 was self-possessed, and he encouraged, in his own person, his subordinates, officers and men, to fight courageously. "GEORGE DEWEY, "Admiral. U. S. N., President. "SAM. C. LEMLY, “Judge-Advocate-General, U. S. N., Judge Advocate." ADMIRAL DEWEY'S OPINION "In the opinion of the undersigned the passage from Key West to Cienfuegos was made by the Flying Squadron with all possible despatch, Commodore Schley having in view the importance of arriving off Cienfue gos with as much coal as possible in the ships' bunkers. Advocate." RECOMMENDATION "In view of the length of time which has elapsed since the occurrence of the events mends no further proceedings be had in the of the Santiago campaign, the court recompremises. GEORGE DEWEY, "Admiral, U. S. N., President. "SAM. C. LEMLY, "Judge-Advocate-General, U. S. N., JudgeAdvocate." Schmauk, THEODORE EMMANUEL, editor; born in Lancaster, Pa., in 1860; became editor of The Lutheran in 1889. He is the author of History of Old Salem and Lebanon; The Nineteenth Century: Its History, Men, and Movements, etc. Schmucher, SAMUEL MOSHEIM, author; born in New Market, Va., Jan. 12, 1823; graduated at Washington College, Pa., in 1840; became a Lutheran clergyman and held pastorates till 1848; was admitted to the bar in 1850, but applied himself to literary work. He was author of Election of Judges by the People; Constitutionality of the Maine Liquor Law; Life of John C. Frémont; Life of Alexander Hamilton; History of the Mormons; Life of Thomas Jefferson; Arctic Explorations and Discoveries; Life of Dr. Elisha Kent Kane; Life of Daniel Webster; Life of Henry Clay; Life of Washington; Blue Laws of Connecticut; A History of the He died in Philadelphia, Civil War, etc. Pa., May 12, 1863. Schmucker, SAMUEL SIMON, theologian; born in Hagerstown, Md., Feb. 28, 1799; graduated at the Princeton Theological Seminary in 1820; chairman of the fac"The blockade of Cienfuegos was effective. ulty of the Theological Seminary at Get66 Commodore Schley, in permitting the steamer Adula to enter the port of Cienfue- tysburg, Pa., in 1826-64; was largely ingos, expected to obtain information concern- strumental in founding the ecclesiastical connection between the Lutheran churches in the United States and Europe. His publications include Fraternal Appeal to the American Churches on Christian Union; The American Lutheran Church, Historically, Doctrinally, and Practically Deline ated; American Lutheranism Vindicated, etc. He died in Gettysburg, Pa., July 26, 1873. geologist of an exploring expedition under General Cass to the Lake Superior copper region. He was also on a commission to treat with the Indians at Chicago. In 1823 he was made Indian agent at the Falls of St. Mary, and afterwards at Mackinaw, where he married a granddaughter of an Indian chief. He founded the Historical Society of Michigan in 1828; the Algic Society, at Detroit, in 1831, before which he delivered two lectures on the grammatical construction of the Indian languages. These, translated into French by Duponceau and presented to the French Institute, procured for Schoolcraft a gold medal from that institution. He published several works on Indian literature, as well as fiction, and in 1832 led a second government expedition to discover the real chief source of the Mississippi River, which was found to be Lake Itasca. In a treaty with the Indians on the Upper Lakes in 1836 he procured the cession of 16,000,000 acres of land to the United States, and he was appointed chief disbursing agent for the Northern Department. After visiting Europe he was employed by the State of New York in making a census and collecting statistics of the SIX NATIONS (q. v.), and in 1847 he was employed by authority of Congress in the preparation of a work entitled Historical and Statistical Information Respecting the History, Condition, and Prospects of the Indian Tribes of the United States. He wrote Personal Memoirs of a Residence of Thirty Years with the Indian Tribes on the American Frontiers (1863), and several other works on the red race. The Indian Fairy Book, compiled from his manuscripts, was published in 1868. He died in Washington, D. C., Dec. 10, 1864. Schofield, JOHN MCALLISTER, military officer; born in Chautauqua county, N. Y., Sept. 29, 1831; graduated at West Point in 1853, where he was instructor in natural philosophy for five years. Under leave of absence he was filling a like post in the Washington University, Mo., when the Civil War broke out. He was chief of Lyon's staff at Wilson's Creek, and in November, 1861, was made brigadier-general of volunteers, commanding the Missouri militia. In April, 1862, he commanded the District of Missouri, and in October the Army of the Frontier, with which he drove the organized Confederate forces into Arkansas. In November, 1862, he was made major-general of volunteers. In the Atlanta campaign, in 1864, he was conspicuous; also in the campaign against Hood in Tennessee until the battle of Nashville, when he was transferred to North Carolina, taking possession of Wilmington, and was active until the surrender of Johnston. He was brevetted major-general, United States army, in March, 1865; was Secretary of War ad interim on the resignation of General Grant in 1868; resigned in 1869; and was assigned to the Department of Missouri. He was promoted lieutenant general in February, 1895, and retired in September following. He published Forty-six Years in the Army. Schoolcraft, HENRY ROWE, ethnologist; born in Watervliet, N. Y., March 28, 1793. His ancestor who first settled in America was a school-teacher named Calcraft, and he was popularly named Schoolcraft. Henry studied chemistry and mineralogy Schooner Pearl, THE. In 1848 Captain in Union College in 1807-8. In 1817-18 Drayton and his mate Sayles, attempthe took a scientific tour in the West, and made a fine mineralogical and geological collection, publishing, in 1819, A View of the Lead Mines of Missouri, which was enlarged and published (1853) under the title of Scenes and Adventures in the SemiAlpine Regions of the Ozark Mountains of Missouri and Arkansas. In 1820 he was Schools. See EDUCATION; TECHNOLOGY; MANUAL TRAINING SCHOOLS; COLLEGES, ETC. ed to carry away to freedom, from the vicinity of Washington, D. C., seventyseven fugitive slaves concealed in this schooner; as the schooner neared the mouth of the Potomac River, she was overtaken and obliged to return. These fugitive slaves, men, women, and children, were immediately sold to the cotton plant |