years of his life in the Territory he supported himself and his family chiefly by practicing this profession as strength permitted. In 1898 he took the degree of Ph.D. from the University of Minnesota. For four years (1897-1901) he was president of the territorial university at Albuquerque, though at the close of the third year it became evident that the strain of the executive work and confinement were too hard for him, and the connection during the fourth year was mainly one of supervision and general control.

During his last year there was an obvious failing of physical strength, so that long field trips had to be abandoned. But the more quiet life gave opportunity for a thorough recasting of many questions and formulation of matters which had been. in his mind all his life. So that before his death much of the philosophical correlation, of which mention has been made, was effected. A number of articles have already been published in the philosophical serials bearing on these matters and there is a considerable collection of MSS. remaining, much of which can doubtless be edited for publication. It is gratifying to know that he had the satisfaction of seeing this work so well rounded out before his death and that the latest months of his life were much more restful than those preceding, some of which were marked by extreme suffering. He continued in about the usual health until September 8, when he again had a series of uncontrollable hemorrhages, daily becoming weaker until on the morning of the 15th he peacefully passed away.

One essential feature of his success must receive mention here the devoted heroism of his wife. His work was always stimulated by her interest and cooperation; but during the last decade his life was unquestionably preserved by her self sacrificing care. She often accompanied him for weeks on wagon trips far from settlements in order to see that he had proper food and comforts, sometimes enduring severe hardships and sacrificing her own health for his welfare.

So much for a brief sketch of Professor HERRICK'S life. Of his relation to the various institutions with which he was

connected and the great stimulus which he gave to education by his connection with them, an account will be given in other biographical notices soon to appear in the Bulletin of the Scientific Laboratories of Denison University, which he founded. It remains here to say something of Dr. HERRICK, first, as an investigator and thinker, and secondly, as a teacher and as a

man.

In estimating the character of his work it is difficult to say whether he was primarily an investigator or a philosopher. And this is to his great credit for he combined in a remarkable degree the qualifications of an expert in both of these lines. He had at once acute perceptions, and keen insight for scientific details, and a broad philosophic horizon and perspective which peculiarly fitted him for the work he undertook of throwing light upon the nature of consciousness from the neurological side. A glance at the appended bibliography will show that a philosophic scope as well as a scientific specialization character

ized all his work.

His work in every line was extremely suggestive, and it should be added, seldom exhaustive, though certain of his neurological and geological papers reveal his power of accurate and detailed research. But his thought ever was moving forward, and he was impatient of the routine details which would put any check upon his richly developing insight.

His scientific labors fall in three states-Minnesota, Ohio, and New Mexico. Of his work in geology during the first and second periods of his life we have already spoken. His neurological work was done mostly during the second and third periods, while connected with the University of Cincinnati and with Denison University.

The first contribution in neurology was the elementary chapter on the nervous system appended to the translation of LOTZE'S Outlines of Psychology, published in Minneapolis, in 1885. This is significant not so much for its content (though here the dynamic point of view is dominant) as for its context. The juxtaposition, in a manual designed for an elementary text

book, of LOTZE's lectures and original lectures on the mechanism of the brain was a decided novelty in those days.

In 1889 he began work in earnest on the nervous system and immediately there appeared a series of papers in rapid succession, some of great length and others mere jottings. The first long paper was published with Professor W. G. TIGHT in the Denison University Bulletin in 1890, and was entitled "The Central Nervous System of Rodents." This paper contains nineteen double plates and a vast amount of observation; and was designed as a preliminary survey of the field, the plates to form the basis of further detailed observations and correlation. But he soon became convinced that this correlation could best be attempted after a thorough study of several types of lower brains and the series was interrupted. At the time of his breakdown in 1894 he was just about to take up again by the degeneration methods a more thorough study of the mammalian brain. Thus this rodent paper stands now as an unfinished fragment.

This, however, illustrates well his plan of work, a plan which must be clearly understood in order to put a proper estimate on his published researches. He found correlation impossible and at once saw that only in primitive types could the key be found, and that too not in any one series, but only in the common features of many lower types. Accordingly he undertook to examine in rapid succession as material offered a large number of lower brains, taking voluminous notes and publishing the observed data as fast as they were ready. All of this work was fragmentary and much of it contained but little correlation. But the mass of facts gathered and recorded was enormous. He realized that the incessant strain on his eyes could not always be kept up, and planned to accumulate fact as rapidly as possible until failing eyes should impair his efficiency in this field. Then he hoped to review the whole field of vertebrate neurology systematically, using his own observations as the skeleton on which to build by study of literature and further research of his own on critical points, until the whole should take shape as a unity. When he settled in Granville

the second time in 1893 he expected to begin that work of correlation, and this is doubtless the special significance of the announcement published at that time of a text-book on comparative neurology. But this period of work he was not able to enter far and the text-book is still unpublished. This manuscript, together with that of several other projected works on psychology and ethics, remains. It is yet too early to state how much of this matter can be edited for publication. If the last ten years of his life could have been spent in Granville, as was his plan, results of moment in the way of correlation would undoubtedly have followed. As it is, none of the papers in neurological lines were regarded by him as other than fragments.

The first important paper in neurology was published in the Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History—"Notes upon the Brain of the Alligator." This is an elaborate descriptive article illustrated with nearly a hundred of the beautiful pen drawings which he used so freely in all of his work.

The second neurological paper of special importance was the leading article in the first issue of this Journal, on the histogenesis of the cerebellum in correlation with its comparative anatomy. This paper was ignored largely by the workers immediately following, but its main points have been fully confirmed by later students. It is really, though very brief, one of his best contributions.

Of the remaining neurological papers, the most important were published in this Journal, those in the Anatomischer Anzeiger, American Naturalist, etc., being for the most part summaries of the longer articles. These were descriptive articles, in most cases, devoted mainly to the brains of fishes and reptiles, with some atrention to amphibians.

The greater part of his descriptions of the fish brain have since been worked over with the same sections which he used in hand, and his descriptions have been found to be very exact, though often so brief as to make it difficult to understand them without reference to the preparations. Furthermore they stand the test of control by the more recent neurological methods very well, though of course not always in detail. His method

of pushing a given research through rapidly enabled him to cover a great deal of ground with surprising fidelity to the facts of his material. But the method results in a positive hardship to his readers, since the matter was not fully digested and correlated before publication. While, therefore, this matter is of great value, it is hard to read and will not be used fully save by a few specialists until it is worked over and correlated within itself and with other more recent work. It is hoped that this may be done soon. The facts as stated must necessarily serve as the basis for any future work on the types which he studied. After his departure for New Mexico a few brief neurological articles were published, but only fragments remaining from his earlier work or critical articles. This period was devoted chiefly to geology and other studies which could be pursued out-of-doors, and more recently to philosophical writing.

In 1892 he contributed a short paper to the LEUCKART Festschrift. In 1893 he wrote four articles for the supplement to Wood's Reference Handbook of the Medical Sciences. He also wrote a few articles for the second edition of the Hand

book, beginning in 1900. In conjunction with C. JUDSON HERRICK, he prepared the neurological articles for the BALDWIN Dictionary of Philosophy and Psychology, some of these being encyclopedic articles of considerable length.

The best years of his life were devoted to his neurological work and it is all of a high order of merit, yet one feels that in very little of it did he do himself justice. His impetuous temperament and phenomenal ability to turn off research rapidly is partly responsible for this; but its unsatisfactory character is largely due to the fact that it was cut off prematurely. He never had the patience to polish his work as some like to see it ́done, and it would have been much more accessible if he had put even the unfinished reports of progress into more systematic form. Yet, even as it is, the aggregate is a monumental work to stand as the out-put of only about half a decade of productive work.

Of his work in New Mexico one who had first-hand knowledge writes as follows: