Bracket for Ladder Please publish a diagram of a scaffold bracket for a ladder.-M. N. D. The drawing shows the bracket in place, with dimensions designated. Flat 1'ROUND IRON 1"x18" FLAT IRON ROUND IRON tering fusible substances on the surfaces to be united, as these protect the work from oxidation. These substances are termed fluxes. Among those most commonly used are borax, clay, potash, soda, sand and sal ammoniac. Ordinary red clay, dried and powdered, is an excellent flux for use when welding steel, and is one of the cheapest known. Borax melted and powdered is called the best of known fluxes, but it is so expensive when used in large quantities, that its use is confined to the finest tool steels and alloy steels where it is not possible to heat the metal as hot as a lower grade of steel. A very good flux, whose cost is about one-half that of borax, is a mineral barite, or heavy spar. It does not fuse as readily as borax, however, but forms an excellent covering for the heated surface of the steel. It is necessary to furnish this coating for the surface of the steel, in order to prevent oxidation; for if any portion is oxidized, no matter how small the portion may be, it furnishes a starting point for a break or fracture when the piece is under heavy stress. ADJUSTABLE LADDER BRACE. iron one by one-eighth inch and one-inch round iron are used. The key-holes are for adjusting the slant of the ladder. Principles of Welding In a general way will you please explain how welding is done?-R. L. D. It is accomplished by heating the metal to a temperature that makes the surface of a pasty consistency, which for soft steel should be a dark white, for iron a scintillating white, while for tool steel it should be a bright yellow. The formation of a soft pasty layer on the surface of the steel is an absolute necessity, in order to effect a union of the pieces of metal. This operation is assisted by scat BOUND VOLUMES For the benefit of those desiring back numbers of the Technical World Magazine, we have bound up a limited number of copies-Volume VI,-September, 1906, to February, 1907,Mailed, prepaid, to any address upon receipt of $1.25. TECHNICAL WORLD INDEX Complete Index of the Technical World Magazine is now ready, and will be mailed to any address upon receipt of Ten Cents. Kingston Earthquake Pictured T Scenes of Horror and Desolation in the Stricken Capital of Jamaica HE earthquake of January 14 last, by which the city of Kingston, Jamaica, was destroyed caused the loss of probably more than two thousand lives and the destruction of hundreds of thousands of dollars worth of property. Great suffering of survivors resulted and among those upon whom the greatest hardships of the following days fell were many Americans, residents and tourists. As a consequence of alleged mistreatment of these American sufferers by certain Englishmen who were in a position to aid them, resentment in this country ran to a very high pitch. The British governor of the island, also, gained tremendous notoriety all over the world by his manner or refusing aid offered by the United States navy for the purpose of caring for the injured, protecting property and preventing lawlessness. The following reproductions of photographs illustrate some of the scenes of horror immediately following the disaster. It was on this wharf The offices and yard of the Hamburg-American wharf with the ruined sheds seen to the left. SHATTERED TOWER OF CONSTANT SPRING HOTEL. This building was occupied at the time of the great catastrophe by many prominent English men and women of title. Though the edifice was wrecked no one was injured. Looking up King Street. On the right are shown the ruins of a toy shop, a wholesale drug store and a jewelry house; on the left, of an electric railroad station, a clothing shop, and an ironmongery. MYRTLE BANK HOTEL, WHERE MANY MET DEATH. The walls of this U-shaped structure fell outward, killing a large number of people who fled from the building when the shock began. Harbor Street, the principal business thoroughfare of Kingston. Anxious relatives and friends are crowding around the ruins. In the foreground sit two brothers weeping beside the body of their sister. Scene in Harbor Street, Kingston. The officer in charge is a volunteer, N. De Valda. By reason of superstition the blacks declined to touch the bodies with their hands, thus rendering the work of recovery extremely slow and difficult. |